高精度红外光点位置检测分析系统

高精度红外光点位置检测分析系统是基于光电位置敏感器件、立体测量学研制而成的运动物体分析系统。它能快速、准确地测出运动物体各特征点的瞬时位置，并在此基础上进行分析计算，给出三维坐标及针对具体应用领域的特征曲线和参数。该系统可应用于人体运动检测、外科手术定位等领域。     

The Digital Imaging Workstation

Picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) are expected to convert film-based radiology into a computer-based digital environment, with associated cost savings and improved physician communication. The digital workstation will be used by physicians to display these soft-copy images; however, difficult technical challenges must be met for the workstation to compete successfully with the familiar viewbox. Issues relating to image perception and the impact on physicians practice must be carefully considered. The spatial and contrast resolutions required vary according to imaging modality, type of procedure, and class of user. Rule-based software allows simple physician interaction and speeds image display. A consensus appears to be emerging concerning the requirements for the PACS workstation. Standards such as the American College of Radiology/National Electrical Manufacturers Association Digital Imaging and Communication Standard are facilitating commercial applications. Yet much careful study is needed before PACS workstations will be fully integrated into radiology departments. Abbreviations: CRT = cathode ray tube, H&D = Hurter and Drifield, PACS = picture archiving and communication system, ROC = receiver operating characteristic, S/N = signal-to-noise ratio. Partially supported by grant HL-33332 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood institute, U.S. Public Health Service. Address reprint requests to R.L.A. Copyright © 1990 by the Radiological Society of North America. Radiology 176:303-315, 1990. Reprinted with permission.     

Novel Fluorinated Polymer by Radiation‐Induced Polyaddition of Bisperfluoroisopropenyl Terephthalate with 1,4‐Dioxane

Radical polyaddition of bis(α‐trifluoromethyl‐β,β‐difluorovinyl) terephthalate [CF₂?C(CF₃)OCOC₆H₄COOC(CF₃)?CF₂] (BFP) with 1,4‐dioxane (DOX) was investigated under γ‐rays radiation from a ⁶⁰Co source to produce higher molecular weight polymers compared to those yielded by benzoyl peroxide initiation. Prior to polyaddition, the addition reactions of 2‐benzoxypentafluoropropene [CF₂?C(CF₃)OCOC₆H₅] (BPFP) with tetrahydrofuran (THF) and DOX, and BFP with THF were examined in order to develop probable polyaddition reaction conditions. The polymer bearing 1.5 × 10⁴ as a molecular weight was obtained under the feed molar ratio of DOX/BFP = 16 with an irradiation dose of 2 000 kGy at 40 °C, which is a much higher molecular weight compared to that yielded by benzoyl peroxide.

     

紫外线照射对腺病毒气溶胶活力和粒级分布的影响

目的 研究紫外线照射对腺病毒气溶胶活力和粒级分布的影响.方法 在2000L的腔室中通过TK-3微生物气溶胶发生器将绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)标记的腺病毒形成气溶胶,暴露在预先设定波长的紫外线下,用多级撞击式空气微生物采样器进行采样.对采样样品进行实时荧光定量PCR(FQ-PCR)检测基因组拷贝数.通过在荧光显微镜下计数带绿色荧光的PK15细胞数可直观检测病毒的感染力及活力.结果 带有绿色荧光的PK15细胞数及FQ-PCR检测结果均提示所采集的病毒气溶胶主要分布在第6级.波长为254 nm的紫外线照射5 min时,在显微镜下观察到的荧光数明显减少.波长为254 nm紫外线照射30 min时,6个级别的细胞内均未见绿色荧光.波为365 nm紫外线照射30 min时,绿色荧光数仍较多.波长为254 nm的紫外线照射30 min时没有观察到有绿色荧光的细胞,但是FQ-PCR结果提示病毒基因组拷贝数仍较高.结论 波长为254 nm的紫外线比365 nm的紫外线照射灭活腺病毒气溶胶的效果更显著.两种波长的紫外线照射对腺病毒气溶胶的粒级分布没有显著影响.病毒基因组的存在并不能代表病毒有感染力.     

传统中医艾灸疗法的热辐射光谱特性的研究

采用间接测量方法研究传统中医艾灸热辐射光谱的特性，即采用光电色度计测量自燃状态下艾条的三刺激值，并在计算出色度坐标基础上，使用内插法得到艾条的色温，最后由plank公式计算得到艾条热辐射光谱特性。由测量结果得知自燃状态下艾条的热辐射光谱主要是以靠近近红外的远红外为主的光谱，其中包含可见光成份，其谱峰大约在2、8μm。     

Development of oculomotor functioning in preadolescence, adolescence, and adulthood

We examined developmental differences in smooth pursuit eye tracking proficiency in a large sample of preadolescent, adolescent, and adult males. Smooth pursuit was quantified using general measures of oculomotor functioning and by examining the frequency and dynamic characteristics of specific saccadic events. Examination of age effects using general measures indicated that, by late adolescence, the smooth pursuit system reached adult levels of functioning. No significant differences were found between the adolescent and adult groups on most global measures. However, both groups had better eye tracking than the preadolescent group, suggesting that during preadolescence the oculomotor system is still developing and is not yet capable of optimal performance. Examination of the frequency and dynamic characteristics of the saccadic events yielded additional information regarding the nature of the smooth pursuit eye tracking differences of the three age groups.     

Experimental evaluation of eye-blink parameters as a drowsiness measure

Drowsiness and increased tendency to fall asleep during daytime is still a generally underestimated problem. An increased tendency to fall asleep limits the efficiency at work and substantially increases the risk of accidents. Reduced alertness is difficult to assess, particularly under real life settings. Most of the available measuring procedures are laboratory-oriented and their applicability under field conditions is limited; their validity and sensitivity are often a matter of controversy. The spontaneous eye blink is considered to be a suitable ocular indicator for fatigue diagnostics. To evaluate eye blink parameters as a drowsiness indicator, a contact-free method for the measurement of spontaneous eye blinks was developed. An infrared sensor clipped to an eyeglass frame records eyelid movements continuously. In a series of sessions with 60 healthy adult participants, the validity of spontaneous blink parameters was investigated. The subjective state was determined by means of questionnaires immediately before the recording of eye blinks. The results show that several parameters of the spontaneous eye blink can be used as indicators in fatigue diagnostics. The parameters blink duration and reopening time in particular change reliably with increasing drowsiness. Furthermore, the proportion of long closure duration blinks proves to be an informative parameter. The results demonstrate that the measurement of eye blink parameters provides reliable information about drowsiness/sleepiness, which may also be applied to the continuous monitoring of the tendency to fall asleep. Electronic Publication     

Evaluating Alternate Registration Planes for Imageless,Computer-Assisted Navigation During Total Hip Arthroplasty

BackgroundImageless computer navigation improves component placement accuracy in total hip arthroplasty (THA), but variations in the registration process are known to impact final accuracy measurements. We sought to evaluate the registration accuracy of an imageless navigation device during THA performed in the lateral decubitus position.MethodsA prospective, observational study of 94 patients undergoing a primary THA with imageless navigation assistance was conducted. Patient position was registered using 4 planes of reference: the patient’s coronal plane (standard method), the long axis of the surgical table (longitudinal plane), the lumbosacral spine (lumbosacral plane), and the plane intersecting the greater trochanter and glenoid fossa (hip-shoulder plane). Navigation measurements of cup position for each plane were compared to measurements from postoperative radiographs.ResultsMean inclination from radiographs (41.5° ± 5.6°) did not differ significantly from inclination using the coronal plane (40.9° ± 3.9°, P = .39), the hip-shoulder plane (42.4° ± 4.7°, P = .26), or the longitudinal plane (41.2° ± 4.3°, P = .66). Inclination measured using the lumbosacral plane (45.8° ± 4.3°) differed significantly from radiographic measurements (P < .0001). Anteversion measured from radiographs (mean: 26.1° ± 5.4°) did not differ significantly from the hip-shoulder plane (26.6° ± 5.2°, P = .50). All other planes differed significantly from radiographs: coronal (22.6° ± 6.8°, P = .001), lumbosacral (32.5° ± 6.4°, P < .0001), and longitudinal (23.7° ± 5.2°, P < .0001).ConclusionPatient registration using any plane approximating the long axis of the body provided a frame of reference that accurately measured intraoperative cup position. Registration using a plane approximating the hip-shoulder axis, however, provided the most accurate and consistent measurement of acetabular component position.     

紫外线致皮肤光老化及光癌变机制的研究进展

日光的累计照射可加速皮肤老化与癌变,使皮肤的生物学及临床反应发生改变,包括急性损伤(日晒伤)和慢性损伤(光老化、光癌变或色素沉着等)。文章概述了近年来紫外线对皮肤光老化及光癌变影响的研究进展,揭示光老化和光致癌机制是通过紫外线照射产生活性氧和DNA损伤,以及由此引起的细胞损伤、炎症、免疫抑制、细胞外基质重塑及血管生成改变所致,为临床防治光老化和光癌变提供帮助。     

Erbium-YAG and holmium-YAG laser ablation of bone

Results are presented for the latent heat of ablation of bone using an erbium-YAG laser operating at 2.9m, and a holmium-YAG laser operating at 2.1m. The values are 8.2±1.0 kJ cm^–3 and 18±2.0 kJ cm^–3, respectively. Secondary damage to surrounding tissue is found to extend approximately 5m with the erbium laser and is greatly increased to 80m with significant charring in the case of holmium. These secondary damage zones are much smaller than those produced by the CO₂ laser.