颈动脉切除术的临床研究

目的 探讨颈部恶性肿瘤侵犯颈总动脉和I或颈内动脉以及颌面部难控制大出血时对颈总动脉和颈内动脉的外科处理方法及其并发症、后遗症的预防。方法 回顾性分析1990年－2000年行颈总或I和颈内动脉结扎、切除术的6例临床资料。结果 本组均为男性，年龄17－66岁。其中颈部复发性转移癌浸润颈总动脉、颈内动脉3例，鼻咽癌放疗后颈部溃疡侵犯颈总动脉1例，上颌骨中央性血管瘤大出血1例，鼻咽纤维轿管瘤术中、术后大出血1例。单纯结扎、切除颈总动脉4例，颈总及颈内动脉同时结扎、切除2例。经随访，术后短暂性肢体偏瘫2例，脑梗塞、永久性偏瘫1例，无任何并发症3例。无手术死亡病例。结论 颈动脉切除术对已累及颈动脉的颈部恶性肿瘤是一种有效的治疗手段，对于颌面颈难以控制的致命性大出血是一种有效的急救措施。单纯切除颈总动脉所产生的术后并发症的发生率比颈总动脉和颈内动脉同时切除低；而已先期或同时切除颈外动脉，出现并发症的机会更大。术后酌用抗凝或溶栓药物对于脑血栓、脑梗塞的防治作用有待进一步研究。     

In vitro contracture test for diagnosis of malignant hyperthermia following the protocol of the European MH Group: Results of testing patients surviving fulminant MH and unrelated low-risk subjects

Background: Determination of sensitivity and specificity of the in vitro contracture test (IVCT) for malignant hyperthermia (MH) susceptibility using the European MH Group (EMHG) protocol has been performed in some laboratories but only on a small sample from the combined EMHG. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to determine combined EMHG sensitivity and specificity of the test. Methods: Results of IVCT of patients with previous fulminant MH and normal, low-risk subjects (controls) were collected from 22 centresof the EMHG. IVCT was performed according to the EMHG protocol. Patients were included inthe study if the clinical crisis had a score of at least 50 points with the Clinical Grading Scale. Low-risk subjects were included provided they did not belong to a family with known MH susceptibility, they had not developed any signs of MH at previous anaesthetics, and they did not suffer from any neuromuscular disease. For inclusion of both MH patientsand low-risk subjects, at least 1 muscle bundle in the IVCT should have twitches of 10 mN(1 g) or more. For evaluation of individual tests, only muscle bundles with twitch heights of 10 mN (1 g) or more were used. Results: A total of 1502 probands had undergone IVCT because of a previous anaesthesia with symptoms and signs suggestive of MH. Of these, 119 had clinical scores of 50 and above. From these 119 MH-suspected patients and from 202 low-risk subjects, IVCT data were collected. Subsequently, 14 MH-suspected patients were excluded from further analysis for thefollowing reasons: In 3 patients, the suspected MH episode could be fully explained by diseases other than MH; in 11 MHS patients, IVCT was incomplete (n=l), data were lost (n=3), or none of the muscle bundles fulfilled twitch criteria (n=7). Of the remaining 105 MH-suspected patients, 89 were MHS, 10 MHEh, 5 MHEc, and one MHN. Thus, we observed a diagnostic sensitivity of the IVCT of 99.0% if the MHE group is considered susceptible(95% confidence interval 94.8–100.0%). Of the 202 low-risk subjects, 3 were MHS, 5 MHEh, 5 MHEc, and 189 MHN. This gives a specificity of the IVCT of 93.6% (95% confidence interval 89.2–96.5%). Conclusion: The IVCT for diagnosis of MH susceptibility in Europe has a high sensitivity and a satisfactory specificity.     

诊治失误致阑尾切除术后再手术33例临床分析

目的　探讨阑尾炎近期再手术的原因、手术方法及预防措施。方法　对我院 1989年12月至 2 0 0 2年 12月间收治的阑尾炎近期再手术 3 3例进行回顾性分析。结果　术前及术中误漏诊 17例 ,其中结肠肿瘤 8例 ,横结肠重复畸形及炎性肉芽肿各 2例 ,盲肠游动症及十二指肠升段狭窄各 1例。胃后壁穿孔、腹部卒中及急性胰腺炎各 1例并因病情发展而死亡。术中操作不当 7例。其中系膜血管出血、血肿破溃 ,网膜、阑尾残端及切口引流处皮下出血各 1例 ,残株炎 1例 ,腹腔遗留坏死组织及粪石 1例。术后并发症 9例 ,盆腔脓肿 ,阑尾残端粪瘘 ,腹壁切口疝及结核性腹壁窦道各 2例 ,肌间脓肿 1例。结论　正确诊断 ,充分准备 ,仔细操作 ,严密观察 ,及时处置 ,常能避免或减少阑尾炎近期再手术的发生。     

胰十二指肠损伤的临床特点及术后并发症危险因素分析

目的探讨胰十二指肠损伤的临床特点及术后并发症发生的危险因素。方法回顾性分析47例外伤性胰十二指肠损伤手术病例的临床特点,探讨年龄、术前/术中休克、胰十二指肠联合损伤、确诊时间及ISS、APACHEⅡ评分等因素与术后并发症发生率、死亡率的关系。结果47例病例中,腹部闭合性损伤占76.60%,开放性损伤23.40%,多发伤40.43%。胰腺损伤13例,十二指肠损伤28例,胰十二指肠联合损伤6例。术前确诊率为53.19%,手术诊断率97.87%,确诊时间(7.85±3.17)h。术后并发症发生率和死亡率分别为27.66%和8.51%。并发症组的术前/术中休克发生率、胰十二指肠联合损伤发生率、确诊时间、ISS、APACHEⅡ评分分别为53.85%、38.46%、(9.78±2.16)h、20.92±8.11、10.32±3.16,无并发症组分别为11.76%、2.94%、(6.81±2.35)h、16.47±5.28、7.12±2.74,组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01或<0.05)。死亡组ISS、APACHEⅡ评分值分别为29.17±10.31、14.75±5.37,显著高于无死亡组的16.85±6.73、8.39±3.13(P<0.01)。结论胰十二指肠损伤在病史、实验室及影像学检查方面具有其特点,综合分析有利于迅速明确诊断,休克、胰十二指肠联合损伤、确诊时间及高ISS、APACHEⅡ评分是其术后并发症发生的危险因素。     

肠传性非甲非乙型病毒性肝炎155例死亡原因分析

本文对155例肠传非甲非乙肝炎住院死亡的病例进行了分析。结果表明:住院病人的病死率为11.6％;青壮年死亡的比重较大,占87.1％;孕妇的病死率高,为20.8％,占全部死亡病人的67.1％;重症肝炎占25.2％,其中急性重症占82.6％。主要死因为脑水肿、肝肾综合症、产后大出血、脑疝及上消化道大出血等。     

Gastric ulceration caused by heater probe coagulation

A double-contrast upper gastrointestinal examination on a woman who had undergone endoscopic heater probe therapy one day earlier for multiple arteriovenous malformations revealed shallow, irregular, and linear ulcers at the sites of heater probe coagulation. Multiple shallow ulcers may therefore develop as a direct complication of heater probe therapy. Radiologists should be aware of this complication to avoid diagnostic confusion in these patients.     

肝移植术后血管胆道并发症的介入治疗

目的:评价介入治疗对肝移植后胆道、血管并发症的价值。材料和方法:18例肝移植患者接受了介入治疗。其中肝动脉狭窄8例,行肝动脉造影及溶栓治疗;下腔静脉及肝静脉狭窄2例,行内支架置入术;胆瘘及胆道狭窄8例,行PTCD治疗。结果:胆道并发症8例,PTCD治疗后症状消失;肝动脉狭窄8例,溶栓后肝动脉完全开放6例,1例血流部分开放,1例肝动脉血流未恢复再次肝移植治疗;下腔静脉及肝静脉狭窄2例内支架置入术后下腔静脉梗阻及肝肿大症状消失。结论:介入治疗是治疗肝移植后胆道血管并发症的有效方法。     

短期低氮低热卡肠外营养在术后患者的应用评价

目的研究术后短期低氮低热卡肠外营养对胃肠肿瘤患者体重、血糖、急性相反应蛋白及感染并发症的影响。方法64例行胃肠肿瘤根治术患者随机分为两组,即研究组(低氮低热卡)和对照组(标准热氮卡)各32例。术后第2~7天进行肠外营养支持。监测术前和术后第2、4、8天血糖、急性相反应蛋白(CRP)、转氨酶(ALT、AST)的变化,于术前及术后第8天测体重。结果两组患者术后第2天血糖均明显升高,术后第4、8天血糖和CRP研究组仍升高,但较对照组减少(P<0.05),术后第8天研究组的血糖、CRP均恢复正常,而对照组下降缓慢,两组间转氨酶(ALT、AST)和体重变化差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。对照组感染相关并发症较研究组高(P<0.05)。结论胃肠术后短期低氮低热卡肠外营养有利于患者血糖和创伤应激反应的恢复,可能会减少感染相关并发症。     

颈丛阻滞下行颈动脉内膜剥脱术--附32例分析

目的观察颈丛阻滞下行颈动脉内膜剥脱术的效果.方法 28名ASAⅡ～Ⅲ级患者行32例颈动脉内膜剥脱术,采用深浅丛联合阻滞,观察围术期血液动力学指标变化,分流管放置率和并发症情况.结果 麻醉后血压和心率与麻醉前相比差异有显著性(P＜0.05),其它时点与麻醉前相比差异无显著性(P＞0.05).颈动脉夹闭前后收缩压和心率的波动性的差异无显著性(P＞0.05).围术期高血压的发生率为50.0%,低血压6.25%,心动过速28.1%,心动过缓6.25%,分流管放置率6.25%.患者满意率84.4%.无1例改用全麻,无严重围术期并发症.结论颈丛阻滞是颈动脉内膜剥脱术安全、有效的麻醉方法.     

Removal of laryngeal mask airway: airway complications in children,anaesthetized versus awake*

The laryngeal mask airway (LMA) must be inserted during deep anaesthesia. There are no guidelines concerning the removal of LMA, i.e., in awake or anaesthetized patients. The aim of this randomized prospective study was to compare the incidence of respiratory complications after LMA removal in anaesthetized or awake paediatric patients. Sixty children (ASA PS I or II), ranging from 4 months to 12 years of age, were studied. In patients breathing spontaneously, anaesthesia was induced and maintained with nitrous oxide, oxygen and halothane. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: group 1 removal of LMA in awake patients, or group 2 removal of LMA in anaesthetized patients, i.e., in patients receiving halothane at an alveolar concentration of 2 MAC adjusted for age and oxygen for 5 min. In both groups, patients received 100% oxygen after removal of LMA. After removal the incidence of respiratory complications was highest (P < 0.05) in group 1. Therefore, in healthy children undergoing elective surgery, the authors conclude that it is safer to perform the LMA removal in anaesthetized patients.