创伤后重型急性弥漫性脑肿胀临床治疗策略

目的 探讨重型创伤后急性弥漫性脑肿胀（PADBS）患者保守治疗与手术治疗的疗效。方法 分析 2016年1月—2019年12月该院神经外科收治的44例重型PADBS患者，根据治疗方式分为手术组和保守治疗组，统计入院时格拉斯哥昏迷量表（GCS）评分、头颅CT检查情况、伤后6个月格拉斯哥预后量表（GOS）评分等资料。结果 两组患者入院时年龄、性别及GCS评分比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。两组患者伤后6个月时GOS评分比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），但两组住院时间比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），手术组长于保守治疗组。结论 重型PADBS在无瞳孔变化及GCS评分下降的情况下，可密切观察病情下选择保守治疗。     

上海市普通外科病人静脉血栓栓塞症防治管理规范(2020版)

静脉血栓栓塞症(VTE)是指各种病因(如静脉血滞缓、静脉壁血管内膜损伤或血液高凝等)导致血液在静脉系统不正常凝集的一组疾病,包括肺动脉栓塞(PE)和深静脉血栓形成(DVT)。上海市普通外科临床质量控制中心自2018年发布《上海市普通外科住院病人静脉血栓栓塞症防治管理规范》(以下简称2018版《规范》)至今已2年,推动了上海市普通外科围手术期血栓防治工作的推广,同时积累了上海在血栓防治方面的临床数据。截止至2019年9月,上海市二级以上医院已有88%建立VTE防控体系,在病史中包含了VTE风险评估表,并且大部分医院已有电子病案的嵌入或纸质病史的记录;84%的医院有VTE和PE的联合会诊团队;92%医院的普通外科已按照2018版《规范》为住院病人评估VTE风险,74%的科室在病人手术后再次评估VTE风险,38%的科室在出院前会再次为病人评估VTE风险。上海市普通外科在临床实践中防治VTE的理念和实践有了很大进步,但与先进国家和医院的防治实践相比仍有较大差距。     

Gray platelet syndrome: Management of perioperative bleeding in redo cardiac surgery

Gray platelet syndrome (GPS) is a rare (<1/1 000 000) and inherited platelet function disorder characterized by macrothrombocytopenia, α-granule deficiency, and hemorrhages. Bleeding intensity does not correlate with platelet count nor with functional test results. We hereby describe the perioperative bleeding prevention and management of a patient with GPS requiring multiple redo cardiac surgeries.     

中西医结合精准护理在日间腹腔镜胆囊切除术围手术期的应用

目的:探讨中西医结合精准护理在日间腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)中的应用价值。方法:对2018年5月—2018年11月115例行日间LC术患者实施精准护理(观察组),并与同期住院行常规LC术患者92例(对照组)进行对比,观察组在常规护理的基础上,实施耳穴压豆联合穴位贴敷及精准护理方法,分析对比两组患者住院时间、护理满意度评分、术后疼痛评分、术后不良反应发生率等。结果:观察组住院时间、术后疼痛评分及术后不良反应发生率均明显低于对照组(P0.05),护理满意度评分明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:中西医结合精准护理可明显提高行日间LC术患者的护理质量,促进患者快速康复。     

Gastric volvulus and giant Bochdalek hernia in an adult patient that were safely repaired by endoscopic reduction and elective laparoscopic surgery

A Bochdalek hernia (BH) is a congenital abnormality with incomplete closure of the diaphragm. It is usually manifested in infants but rarely in adults. Here, we report an adult patient with gastric volvulus and giant BH that were safely repaired by endoscopic reduction and elective laparoscopic surgery, respectively. A 79-year-old woman presented with left upper abdominal pain but no history of trauma. CT revealed a giant BH with gastric volvulus. After emergency endoscopic reduction of the volvulus, elective laparoscopic repair of the BH was performed. The 8 × 8-cm defect was repaired with interrupted nonabsorbable sutures and a mesh. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful, and no complications or recurrence were observed in the 6 months that followed.     

Advance in Functional Restoration of Injured Nerve with Low Level Laser and its Utilization in the Dental and Maxillofacial Region

The inferior alveolar nerve and facial nerve are the two most important nerves in the dental and maxillofacial region. The injury to them is one of the major postoperative complications after alveolar surgery and orthognathic surgery. However, recovering the nerve function after injury takes a long time and the recovery effect tends to be unsatisfactory. In recent years, an intensively investigated technique, low level laser which has been applying in assisting the recovery of nerve function, has been gradually proved to be effective in clinically treating postoperative nerve injury. In this article we review in terms of the mechanisms involved in low level laser-assisted functional restoration of nerve injury and its clinical application in the recovery of nerve function in the dental and maxillofacial area as well.     

The relationship between childhood maltreatment and psychopathology in adults undergoing bariatric surgery

Background

A history of childhood maltreatment and psychopathology are common in adults with obesity.