全文获取类型
收费全文 | 13054篇 |
免费 | 1065篇 |
国内免费 | 330篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 74篇 |
儿科学 | 219篇 |
妇产科学 | 93篇 |
基础医学 | 3105篇 |
口腔科学 | 337篇 |
临床医学 | 1068篇 |
内科学 | 2104篇 |
皮肤病学 | 217篇 |
神经病学 | 1577篇 |
特种医学 | 235篇 |
外国民族医学 | 2篇 |
外科学 | 1012篇 |
综合类 | 1199篇 |
现状与发展 | 4篇 |
预防医学 | 600篇 |
眼科学 | 256篇 |
药学 | 1371篇 |
3篇 | |
中国医学 | 560篇 |
肿瘤学 | 413篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 18篇 |
2023年 | 224篇 |
2022年 | 281篇 |
2021年 | 581篇 |
2020年 | 424篇 |
2019年 | 446篇 |
2018年 | 454篇 |
2017年 | 435篇 |
2016年 | 436篇 |
2015年 | 416篇 |
2014年 | 739篇 |
2013年 | 874篇 |
2012年 | 650篇 |
2011年 | 733篇 |
2010年 | 591篇 |
2009年 | 610篇 |
2008年 | 603篇 |
2007年 | 513篇 |
2006年 | 474篇 |
2005年 | 468篇 |
2004年 | 385篇 |
2003年 | 332篇 |
2002年 | 255篇 |
2001年 | 253篇 |
2000年 | 230篇 |
1999年 | 229篇 |
1998年 | 239篇 |
1997年 | 270篇 |
1996年 | 233篇 |
1995年 | 210篇 |
1994年 | 208篇 |
1993年 | 183篇 |
1992年 | 152篇 |
1991年 | 148篇 |
1990年 | 124篇 |
1989年 | 125篇 |
1988年 | 98篇 |
1987年 | 85篇 |
1986年 | 71篇 |
1985年 | 143篇 |
1984年 | 117篇 |
1983年 | 93篇 |
1982年 | 74篇 |
1981年 | 66篇 |
1980年 | 53篇 |
1979年 | 35篇 |
1978年 | 21篇 |
1977年 | 20篇 |
1976年 | 12篇 |
1973年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
41.
42.
腹腔镜与开腹胆囊切除胃肠压力变化的临床研究 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
目的 :从胃肠道压力变化的角度探讨腹腔镜与开腹胆囊切除对胃肠运动功能的影响。方法 :腹腔镜胆囊切除 30例 (男 6例 ,女 2 4例 ,4 7± 4岁 ) ,开腹胆囊切除 30例 (男 9例 ,女 2 1例 ,4 7± 7岁 ) ,分别于手术前 1d行胃电图描记 ,记录术后 3、2 4、4 8、72h胃电图及监测胃窦、十二指肠和空肠压力 (移行性运动复合波 ,MMCⅢ )。结果 :(1)手术前腹腔镜和开腹胆囊切除患者胃电频率差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;(2 )腹腔镜胆囊切除组术后 3、2 4h正常波所占百分比低于术前 ,但差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,术后 4 8h恢复正常 ;(3)开腹胆囊切除组术后起 3h正常波所占百分比明显低于术前 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ,术后 2 4、4 8h正常波的百分比与术前差异无显著性 ,术后 72h恢复正常 ;(4) 2组患者术后胃窦、十二指肠及空肠压力低于健康人群 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;(5 ) 2组胃窦部收缩压力及收缩曲线下面积术后第 1、2、3d较术后 3h明显升高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,且随时间延长有逐渐增大的趋势 ,腹腔镜组术后 72h恢复正常 ,十二指肠及空肠术后 3d内无明显变化 ;(6 ) 2组间胃电频率 ,胃窦部、十二指肠及空肠压力变化差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,但显示有差别。结论 :腹腔镜与开腹胆囊切除术均可引起胃电频率及胃肠压力变化 ,开 相似文献
43.
Abstract – Dental injuries are common following facial trauma. This article presents a rare injury: the dislocation of a third molar into the maxillary sinus after complex mandibular and maxillary tuberosity fractures. The possible mechanism and clinical treatment are discussed. 相似文献
44.
目的了解正常大鼠角膜内皮细胞在体外经γ-干扰素诱导后,主要组织相容性复合体(major histoeompatibility complex,MHC)-Ⅰ、Ⅱ类抗原异常表达的情况。并观察比较白细胞介素-2-绿脓杆菌外毒素(interleukin-2-pseudomonas exotoxin40。IL-2-PE40)、环胞霉素A(cyclosporine A,CsA)对角膜内皮细胞MHC-Ⅰ、Ⅱ类抗原异常表达的免疫抑制作用。方法采用ACAS-570黏附式细胞分析仪和免疫荧光技术,对体外原代培养经γ-干扰素诱导后的正常大鼠角膜内皮细胞分成A、B2组进行MHC-Ⅰ、Ⅱ类抗原表达的相对量测定,并在培养液中加入新型免疫抑制剂IL-2-PE40和CsA,进一步测定角膜内皮细胞MHC-Ⅰ、Ⅱ类抗原的表达量。结果未加入γ-干扰素前,MHC-Ⅰ类抗原的表达量为97.8±8.1,MHC-Ⅱ类抗原无表达;经γ-干扰素诱导后,MHC—Ⅰ类抗原的表达量为1006.3±13.2,MHC-Ⅱ类抗原表达量为406.5±10.5,γ-干扰素加入前后MHC-Ⅰ、Ⅱ类抗原比较均有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。IL-2.PE40组MHC-Ⅰ类抗原的表达量为618.2±13.5,MHC-Ⅱ类抗原表达量为204.5±7.8,CsA组MHC-Ⅰ类抗原的表达量为609.5±12.9,MHC-Ⅱ类抗原表达量为198.5±6.9,IL-2.PE40组、CsA组分别与注射用水比较,MHC—Ⅰ、Ⅱ类抗原间均有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。IL-2.PE40组与CsA组比较.MHC—Ⅰ、Ⅱ类抗原间差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05)。结论在体外,γ-干扰素可诱导角膜内皮细胞MHC-Ⅰ、Ⅱ类抗原异常表达;IL-2-PE40及CsA均能不同程度的抑制这种表达。[眼科新进展20ff7;27(3):170.172] 相似文献
45.
以ESR、UV和IR表征Cu(2+)离子与PVAC的配位反应。根据CUCl2·2H2O乙醇溶液与PVAc-CuCl2·2H2O乙醇溶液的电导率差值随Cu(2+)离子摩尔浓度变化的明显转析点得知,1个Cu(2+)离子大约能与PVAc4个链节单元配位。证实MMA在Cu(Ⅱ)-PVAc配合物/Na2SO3体系的聚合体是无规PMMA,得率为70%。讨论了MMA在Cu(Ⅱ)-PVAc配合物/Na2SO3体系络合催化引发下的游离基反应历程。 相似文献
46.
维胺酯-β-环糊精包合物的研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
应用3因素8水平的均匀设计方法,优化出维胺酯-β-环糊精包合物最佳制备条件,所得包合物的包合率为99.3%,其表观稳定常数为1394M-1. 相似文献
47.
Interdigestive small bowel motility and duodenal bacterial overgrowth in experimental acute pancreatitis 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
I. D. Van felius L. M. A. akkermans K. bosscha A. Verheem W. Harmsen† M. R. Visser† & H. G. Gooszen 《Neurogastroenterology and motility》2003,15(3):267-276
The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of an acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP), without biliary obstruction, on the migrating motor complex (MMC), small bowel bacterial overgrowth (SBBO), bacterial translocation (BT) and infection of the pancreas simultaneously. Rats were divided into four groups: mild pancreatitis, control, ANP and sham operated control. Jejunal myoelectrodes were used to measure MMCs. Blood, peritoneal fluid, bile, and abdominal organs were harvested for microbial culturing 72 h after induction of pancreatitis. The splenic portion of the pancreas was taken for histology. During ANP the MMC cycle length was significantly increased from 14.1 +/- 0.2 to 22.4 +/- 1.9 min (P < 0.05). The duodenum of ANP rats was in contrast with the other groups characterized by Enterobacteriacae (> 3 log 10 CFU g-1 in seven of 12 rats, P < 0.05). A positive correlation (r = 0.78, P < 0.01) existed between duodenal Gram-negative and anaerobic flora and the MMC cycle. Correlation between MMC cycle length and BT to the pancreas was positive as well (r = 0.70, P < 0.01). A positive correlation (r = 0.85, P < 0.01) was found between the severity of pancreatitis and duodenal bacterial overgrowth. During ANP without biliary obstruction, the jejunal MMC is disturbed and consequently SBBO occurs. The correlation between the severity of pancreatitis, the disturbance of the MMC and SBBO suggests an important pathophysiological role of the proximal small bowel in the infection of pancreatic necrosis. 相似文献
48.
Akio Tanaka Motoyoshi Okamoto Dai Yoshizawa Shigeru Ito Patricia González Alva Fumio Ide Kaoru Kusama 《Journal of oral pathology & medicine》2007,36(7):400-404
BACKGROUND: Although it has been reported that ghost cells are present in odontomas, the generation mechanism of these cells is unclear. To evaluate the presence of ghost cells and involvement of the Wnt signaling pathway, we examined the expression of hard keratins, beta-catenin and Lef-1 in odontomas. METHODS: Sixty-nine cases of odontoma were examined immunohistochemically with the use of antibodies against human hair proteins, beta-catenin and Lef-1. RESULTS: Expression of hard keratins was found only in the cytoplasm of ghost cells in 46 (66.7%) of the 69 odontomas. Compound odontomas (78.8%) showed a higher incidence of ghost cells than complex odontomas (29.4%). Histopathologically, ghost cells were found within odontogenic epithelium adjacent to immature enamel and in the centre of Liesegang-ring-like calcified materials. Expression of beta-catenin and Lef-1 was observed in the cytoplasm and nucleus of odontogenic epithelial cells adjacent to the ghost cells in immature odontomas. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that odontoma is a hard keratin-expressing tumor-like lesion, and that the Wnt signaling pathway may be involved in the formation of ghost cells in odontomas. 相似文献
49.
Twenty-six bone marrow transplant recipients, 14 of whom had evidence of acute graft versus host disease at autopsy, were studied. The pancreas in four of these patients exhibited changes thought to be due to acute graft versus host disease. Pathognomonic findings were in exocrine ducts which showed marked epithelial cellular atypia associated with a mild lymphocytic infiltrate. This was accompanied by ulceration and intraluminal haemorrhage in severe cases. In three of these four cases ductal epithelium showed marked hyperexpression of class I and class II major histocompatibility complex molecules. By contrast islets were not inflamed, showed no evidence of endocrine cell damage and no abnormalities of major histocompatibility complex expression were seen. 相似文献
50.
Localization of bone marrow-originated cells in the central nervous system (CNS) of the rat was investigated by using bone marrow chimeras. In order to do this, Lewis rats which carry major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigens haplotype 1 (RT1.Al) were reconstituted with (Lew X PVG)F1 (RT1.Al/c) bone marrow cells after lethal irradiation. Transferred bone marrow cells were detected by immunohistochemical staining using a monoclonal antibody, OX27, specific for haplotype c of rat MHC class I antigens (RT1.Ac). The spleen and thymus of chimeric rats were fully reconstituted with transferred F1 cells 4 weeks after bone marrow transplantation. At this stage, mononuclear cells in the subarachnoid space of the CNS expressed OX27 antigen indicating that they were of bone marrow origin. A few OX27-positive blood cells were scattered in the CNS parenchyma 4-12 weeks after reconstitution. Ramified microglia, however, remained OX27-negative. Bone marrow-derived microglia were not observed throughout the period of examination until 24 weeks. In addition, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced in chimeric rats in order to augment the expression of MHC class I antigens on microglia. Even under this condition, no OX27-positive microglia were observed. Taken together, ramified microglia might be of neuroectodermal origin and there is little possibility that the microglia are derived from the bone marrow. However, if the ramified microglia are derived from blood cells, the microglia may be expected to have characteristic cell kinetics from the following points: (1) the precursor cells of the microglia may enter the CNS only at the perinatal stage; and (2) even under the condition in which lymphocytes and macrophages enter the CNS as observed in EAE, the precursor cells of the microglia are not supplied from the blood. 相似文献