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991.
992.
两种集尿引流装置在预防尿路感染中的效果比较   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
目的探讨2种不同集尿引流装置对预防尿路感染的效果.方法将43例留置导尿管患者随机分成2组,实验组24例,采用持续高度密闭式集尿器,对照组19例采用普通引流袋,观察2组患者临床症状及尿标本实验室结果.结果实验组尿路感染率明显低于对照组;实验组与对照组比较,在预防尿路感染的效果方面,有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论持续密闭式集尿引流装置对降低尿路感染的效果明显优于普通引流袋,可避免分离尿管接口,减少尿袋更换频率.采取导尿系统的高度密闭性引流是目前留置尿管患者防止逆行尿路感染的合理选择.  相似文献   
993.
子宫颈癌根治术后尿潴留预防方法的比较   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
张易 《上海护理》2008,8(5):21-23
目的探讨子宫颈癌根治术后预防尿潴留的方法。方法2006年1月-2007年7月我院收治宫颈癌需行广泛全子宫切除加淋巴结清扫术患者157例,随机分为A、B、C组,A组拔管前3d给予1:5000高锰酸钾坐浴,每次20~30min,每日2次;B组拔管前3d给予夹管训练;C组为对照组一直开放尿管不采取任何措施直至拔管,分别予术后14d拔除尿管,并予第1次排尿后B超下测残余尿量。结果重置尿管:A组10例,B组4例,C组8例,3组两两比较,差异无统计学意义;B超下测残余尿量≥100ml:A组13例,B组7例,C组17例,B与C组相比较差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05),其余两组相比较无统计学意义。结论妇科手术后单纯高锰酸坐浴和夹管训练对预防尿潴留的效果不佳,需要采取综合措施,才能有效防止术后尿潴留的发生。  相似文献   
994.
彩色多普勒闪烁伪像在泌尿系结石定性诊断中的应用价值   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的探讨彩色多普勒闪烁伪像对泌尿系不同化学成分结石的定性诊断价值。方法选出500例彩色多普勒超声检查有不同闪烁伪像的典型泌尿系结石患者,其中肾结石260例,输尿管结石200例,膀胱结石40例。对每例患者逐一编号后,在超声检查时叠加彩色多普勒并详细记录和保存每一块结石在体内产生闪烁伪像的图像情况,嘱患者将治疗后排出体外的结石送回,编号与原编号相同,然后化验结石成分。结果500例结石患者动态情况下闪烁伪像显示率达96.8%(484/500)。化验证实,二水草酸钙结石占32.0%,沿结石声影方向形成五彩束状伪像;磷酸钙结石占15.5%,结石表面五彩点状伪像,动态时形成"彗星尾征"的束状伪像;磷酸镁结石占19.5%,结石表面五彩团状伪像;混合成分的结石占15.0%,呈点状闪烁伪像;一水草酸钙结石1.7%,氨类结石占1.7%,酸类结石及有机物结石等共占14.6%,均无闪烁伪像。结论充分利用彩色多普勒闪烁伪像通过体外检查基本可达到对体内结石的定性诊断。  相似文献   
995.
泌尿系感染病原菌分布及耐药性监测   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的了解我院泌尿系感染病原菌的分布现状及体外耐药性,为临床提供诊断与治疗依据。方法采用全自动微生物分析仪ATB Expression及配套试剂,对我院2005年1月1日~2006年6月30日的住院及门诊患者尿培养分离出的561株病原菌进行细菌鉴定和体外耐药性监测。结果大肠埃希菌是引发泌尿系感染的主要病原菌,占42.1%;其次为肠球菌属(14.2%)、直菌(13.7%)、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(9.1%)、肺炎克雷伯菌(4.5%)、奇异变形杆菌(2.9%)及铜绿假单胞菌(2.1%);大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌产ESBLs株检出率分别为37.7%和40.0%,耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(MRCNS)和高水平庆大霉素耐药肠球菌(HLGR)检出率分别为66.7%和72.5%;体外耐药监测表明;肠杆菌科细菌对碳青酶烯类保持100%敏感性,对β-内酰脑酶抑制剂复合物和阿米卡星敏感性较强(76%),对其他抗菌药物耐药率较高;革兰阳性球菌耐药情况也相当严重,但尚未发现耐万古霉素菌株。结论泌尿系感染最主要病原菌为大肠埃希菌,假丝酵母菌分离率显著上升;病原菌耐药率呈上升趋势,临床医师应积极送检,根据尿培养结果合理选用抗菌药物进行治疗。  相似文献   
996.
泌尿系感染病原菌的分布及耐药性分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
目的探讨本地区引起泌尿系感染的病原菌及其耐药性,为临床治疗提供依据。方法用常规方法分离鉴定病原菌,用K-B法进行药物敏感试验。结果302株病原菌中革兰阴性杆菌252株,占83%,主要为大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌。革兰阳性球菌38株,占13%。真菌12株,占4%。大肠埃希菌产ESBLs检出率为43.8%,肺炎克雷伯菌产ESBLs检出率为57.1%,耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(MRCNS)的检出率为56.2%,MRSA的检出率为22.2%。结论了解引起泌尿系感染病原菌的分布及耐药性监测,合理使用抗菌药物以减少耐药菌株的产生和医院感染的爆发流行。  相似文献   
997.

Objectives

To analyse the safety, efficacy and quality of life of patients with male stress urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy treated with the AdVance® and AdvanceXP® slings.

Patients and method

The study included 92 patients with stress urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy treated with the AdVance® and AdVanceXP® sling between May 2008 and December 2015. A perineal repositioning test was performed in all cases with sphincter coaptation of  1.5 cm. Mild stress urinary incontinence was defined as the use of 1-2 absorbers/24 h; moderate was defined as 3-5 absorbers/24 h; and severe was defined as more than 5 absorbers/24 h. Healing was defined as the total absence of using pads; improvement was defined as a reduction > 50% in the number of pads; and failure was defined as a reduction < 50, no improvement or worsened incontinence. Check-ups were conducted at 3, 12 and 36 months after the surgery. We employed the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF) for the quality of life index. The complications are listed according to the Clavien-Dindo classification.

Results

The degree of preoperative incontinence was mild in 23.9%, moderate in 67.4% and severe in 8.7% of the patients. The mean use of preoperative pads was 3.1 (range 1-6, 95% CI). The mean preoperative ICIQ-SF score was 16.5 (15-20). Sphincter coaptation  1.5 cm using the perineal repositioning test was present in 87 patients (94.6%). The mean follow-up from insertion of the sling was 42.1 months. Some 89.1% of the patients were healed at 3 months, 70.7% were healed at 12 months, and 70.4% were healed at 36 months. The ICIQ-SF score at 3, 12 and 36 months showed significant improvement (P < .001) compared with the preoperative score.

Conclusions

The Advance® and AdvanceXP® system are effective over time in terms of urinary continence and patient satisfaction.  相似文献   
998.

Objectives

To explore the management of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men in Spain and assess the compliance with recommendations established in the European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines.

Material and methods

MERCURY was an epidemiological and cross-sectional study which involved 227 Urology Units across Spain assessing adult male patients with mixed LUTS and persisting storage symptoms. Sociodemographic, clinical and resource use data for the 6 months prior to study inclusion were collected. Additionally, through a theoretical clinical case, clinicians described their attitude toward the diagnostic and therapeutic management of males with mixed LUTS and persisting storage symptoms during the first and second visits. Answer options given to clinicians about LUTS management were aligned with those recommended by EAU guidelines.

Result

610 patients included in the study were evaluated. 87.7% of them consumed some health resource mainly due to: urologist visits (79.7%), PSA determination (76.6%) and treatment with alpha-blockers (37.5%) and alpha-blockers plus antimuscarinics (37.2%). According to the theoretical clinical case, urologists preference toward diagnostic tools and pharmacological treatment in first visit were mainly PSA determination (97.7%), digital rectal examination (91.4%) and treatment with alphablockers as monotherapy (56.6%), whereas in the second visit uroflowmetry (48.9%), voiding diary (40.3%) and treatment with alpha-blockers plus antimuscarinics (70.6%) were mainly preferred.

Conclusions

Urologists attitude toward management of male patients with mixed LUTS and persisting storage symptoms is aligned with that recommended in the EAU guidelines.  相似文献   
999.
目的探讨iQ200全自动尿液显微镜分析仪(简称iQ200)用于筛检尿路感染的可行性。方法214例中段尿标本在作病原体分离培养后立即用iQ200检测细菌(BACT)、小颗粒(ASP)和酵母菌(YST)等3项参数,用UF100全自动尿沉渣分析仪(简称UF100)检测细菌(BACT)和酵母菌(YLC)等2项参数。以培养结果作为金标准,应用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线确定iQ200和UF100各项参数的最佳临床判断界值,评价各项参数的灵敏度、特异度、假阳性率、假阴性率和ROC曲线下面积。结果iQ200的BACT、ASP和YST的最佳临床判断界值分别为4.5/μl、2 404.5/μl和8.5/μl,灵敏度分别为73.3%、90.0%和90.5%,特异度为96.2%、46.9%和90.2%,假阳性率为3.3%、48.4%和8.4%,假阴性率为2.8%、0.9%和0.9%,ROC曲线下面积为0.862、0.698和0.946。UF100的BACT和YLC的最佳临床判断界值为4 657.6/μl、41.6/μl,灵敏度为76.0%、61.9%,特异度为76.8%、97.4%,假阳性率为17.8%、1.4%,假阴性率为5.6%、3.3%,ROC曲线下面积为0.821和0.795。结论iQ200用于筛检尿路真菌感染和革兰阴性杆菌感染具有一定的价值,但不能代替病原体的培养鉴定。  相似文献   
1000.

Background

Long-term psychological well-being and quality-of-life are important considerations when deciding whether to undergo active treatment for low-risk localised prostate cancer.

Objective

To assess the long-term effects of active surveillance (AS) and/or watchful waiting (WW) on psychological and quality-of-life outcomes for low-risk localised prostate cancer patients.

Design, setting, and participants

The Prostate Cancer Care and Outcome Study is a population-based prospective cohort study in New South Wales, Australia. Participants for these analyses were low-risk localised prostate cancer patients aged <70 yr at diagnosis and participated in the 10-yr follow-up.

Outcome measurements and statistical analysis

Validated instruments assessed outcomes relating to six health-related quality-of-life and nine psychological domains relevant to prostate cancer patients. Adjusted mean differences (AMDs) in outcome scores between prostate cancer treatment groups were estimated using linear regression.

Results and limitations

At 9–11 yr after diagnosis, patients who started AS/WW initially had (1) higher levels of distress and hyperarousal than initial radiation/high-dose-rate brachytherapy patients (AMD = 5.9; 95% confidence interval or CI [0.5, 11.3] and AMD = 5.4; 95% CI [0.2, 10.5], respectively), (2) higher levels of distress and avoidance than initial low-dose-rate brachytherapy patients (AMD = 5.3; 95% CI [0.2, 10.3] and AMD = 7.0; 95% CI [0.5, 13.5], respectively), (3) better urinary incontinence scores than initial radical prostatectomy patients (AMD = –9.1; 95% CI [–16.3, –2.0]), and (4) less bowel bother than initial radiation/high-dose-rate brachytherapy patients (AMD = –16.8; 95% CI [–27.6, –6.0]). No other significant differences were found. Limitations include participant attrition, inability to assess urinary voiding and storage symptoms, and nonrandom treatment allocation.

Conclusions

Notwithstanding some long-term differences between AS/WW and various active treatment groups in terms of distress, hyperarousal, avoidance, urinary incontinence, and bowel bother, most long-term outcomes were similar between these groups.

Patient summary

This study assessed the long-term psychological and quality-of-life impacts of initially monitoring rather than actively treating low-risk prostate cancer. The results suggest that initial monitoring rather than active treatment has only a minor impact on subsequent long-term psychological and quality-of-life outcomes.  相似文献   
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