内镜下胆管引流术治疗梗阻性黄疸

目的探讨内镜下胆管引流术对梗阻性黄疸的治疗价值。方法回顾性分析我院1998年10月～2007年5月行内镜下胆管引流术治疗梗阻性黄疸119例的临床资料。本组良性梗阻性黄疸66例中行内镜下鼻胆管引流术(ENBD)58例,失败的8例改行手术治疗;恶性梗阻性黄疸53例中行内镜下塑料支架引流术(ERBD)23例,行内镜下金属支架引流术(EMBE)18例,ENBD减黄后实施手术6例,穿刺置管失败转经皮经肝穿刺胆道置管引流术6例。结果良、恶性梗阻性黄疸病人经内镜下胆管引流术治疗术后1周内血清胆红素明显下降(P<0.05、P<0.01)。结论内镜下胆管引流术治疗梗阻性黄疸具有疗效好、微创、并发症少等优点,有较高的临床运用价值。     

Localized wall thickening of the gallbladder mimicking a neoplasm

Clinical diagnosis of chronic cholecystitis is made based on diffuse hyperechoic thickening of the gallbladder wall as shown by ultrasonographic examination. We herein report three cases of chronic cholecystitis showing localized hypoechoic thickening of the gallbladder wall that mimicked gallbladder cancer by ultrasonography. Histologically, hypertrophy of the muscularis propria was a common characteristic finding in these three patients. A smooth surface of the inner hypoechoic layer of the thickened wall was considered to be a reliable finding in the differential diagnosis between this type of chronic cholecystitis and gallbladder cancer.     

Staged anterior resection and TEM to preserve rectal function in synchronous malignant and benign rectal lesions

BACKGROUND: Traditionally patients with a high rectosigmoid carcinoma and a synchronous large distal rectal adenoma would be treated by low anterior resection with associated loss of rectal function. METHOD: Four patients with a carcinoma of the upper rectum or distal sigmoid colon and a synchronous distal rectal adenoma were treated by high anterior resection followed by staged Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery (TEM) thus conserving the distal rectum. Preoperative and postoperative rectal function was assessed using the St. Mark's incontinence score. RESULTS: The proximal carcinomas and distal adenomas were 12-18 cms and 0.5-9 cms respectively from the dentate line. The mean surface area of the distal adenomas was 9.7 cms2. There were no deaths or major complications. There were no recurrences after a mean follow-up of 31.5 months. Rectal function was unchanged in three patients with a minor increase in the score in one. CONCLUSION: Staged high anterior resection and 'rEM offers effective treatment of synchronous rectosigmoid carcinoma and distal rectal adenoma with preservation of rectal function.     

Laparoscopic-assisted percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in children and adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: Pediatric gastric access for long-term enteral feeding may be performed via a laparotomy, laparoscopy, or a percutaneous approach. In children and adolescents, laparoscopic-assisted gastrostomy may be difficult due to a thick abdominal wall. Therefore, if the abdominal wall is estimated to be >2 cm on physical examination, or in children in whom a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy was unsuccessfully attempted by a gastroenterologist, we routinely perform a laparoscopic-assisted percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. METHODS: From January 1998 through February 2003, we retrospectively reviewed 15 cases of a laparoscopic-assisted percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. Instruments used to perform this technique are a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy kit, an Olympus flexible endoscope, and one 5-mm STEP port placed through an infraumbilical incision for a 5-mm, 30-degree scope. RESULTS: Age range was 2 years to 20 years (mean, 10). Operative time ranged from 20 minutes to 45 minutes. When a concurrent laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication was performed (n = 6), the percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy was placed after completion of the Nissen fundoplication. No intraoperative complications occurred, and all tubes were successfully placed. Feeds were instituted the following day and advanced to goal. To date, no postoperative complications have occurred, and revision has not been necessary. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic-assisted percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in children and adolescents is safe and effective. Utilizing laparoscopy permits evaluation of the peritoneum and lysis of adhesions, if necessary. Moreover, laparoscopy provides excellent exposure for accurate placement of the PEG, while avoiding injury to other organs.     

显微椎间盘镜治疗腰椎间盘突出症

目的探讨显微内镜腰椎间盘切除术(microendoscopy discectomy,MED)治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效. 方法回顾分析MED治疗59例腰椎间盘突出症的临床资料,总结经验教训. 结果 59例随访4～24个月,平均15个月,按Macnab评定标准,优43例,良14例,可1例,差1例,术后出现神经功能障碍,优良率96.6%(57/59). 结论 MED是包容性腰椎间盘突出症的首先治疗方法,严格掌握手术适应证及提高手术技巧是MED成功的关键.     

ENDOSCOPIC MUCOSAL RESECTION AND SUBMUCOSAL DISSECTION METHOD FOR LARGE COLORECTAL TUMORS

The goal of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is to allow the endoscopist to obtain tissue or resect lesions not previously amenable to standard biopsy or excisional techniques and to remove malignant lesions without open surgery. In this article, we describe the results of conventional EMR and EMR using an insulation‐tipped (IT) electrosurgical knife (submucosal dissection method) for large colorectal mucosal neoplasms and discuss the problems and future prospects of these procedures. At present, conventional EMR is much more feasible than EMR using IT‐knife from the perspectives of time, money, complication, and organ preservation. However, larger lesions tend to be resected in a piecemeal fashion; and it is difficult to confirm whether EMR has been complete. For accurate histopathological assessment of the resected specimen en bloc EMR is desirable although further experience is needed to establish its safety and efficacy. Further improvements of in EMR with special knife techniques are required to simply and safely remove large colorectal neoplasms.     

腹腔镜和胆道镜治疗胆囊胆总管结石的体会

目的探讨腹腔镜和胆道镜治疗胆囊胆总管结石的临床效果。方法2003年7月-2005年8月我院有18例胆囊并胆总管结石手术先行腹腔镜胆囊切除，然后切开胆总管用胆道镜探查，取出胆总管结石。结果1例腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹，17例均顺利完成腹腔镜胆囊切除、胆道镜胆总管探查术。结论腹腔镜和胆道镜治疗胆囊胆总管结石的临床效果可靠。     

十二指肠镜在胆囊切除术后的应用

目的　通过分析 12 4例胆囊切除术后综合 (PCS)征临床资料 ,探讨PCS的病因和诊断方法以及评价ERCP的诊断价值。方法　对 12 4例临床诊断为PCS的患者行B超、胃镜或上消化道钡餐检查 ,以明确病因。结果　 12 4例患者插管 ,成功率 93 5 % ,胆管结石 6 8例 ,胆管扩张 4 7例 ,胆管狭窄2 6例 ,胆囊管残留过长及残余小胆囊 11例 ,十二指肠乳头憩室内或憩室旁开口 11例 ,胆道未见异常2 3例 ,非胆道疾病 15例。结论　PCS最为常见的病因为胆管结石和胆管狭窄 ,其他较为少见原因包括十二指肠憩室、Oddi括约肌运动功能障碍、胆囊管残留过长、残余小胆囊及非胆道疾病等。ERCP是明确PCS病因较为理想和可靠的方法 ,如结合B超、胃镜检查以及上消化道钡餐 ,可对PCS的病因作出较为全面的诊断     

显微内窥镜下椎间盘切除术及其与胶原酶溶核术联合治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效比较

目的:比较显微内窥镜下椎间盘除术(MED)及MED与胶原酶溶核术(CCNL)联合应用治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效。方法:120例腰椎间盘突出症患者中,60例单纯行MED治疗(MED组),另60例在行MED的基础上向椎间盘内注射胶原酶600U(MED CCNL组)。术后观察并分析两组的疗效及并发症。结果:两组均顺利完成手术,未发生并发症。术后全部病例随访6～48个月,按照MacNab标准评定,MED组有效率为83.3%,MED CCNL组为95%,后者明显高于前者(P<0.05)。结论:MED与CCNL联合治疗腰椎间盘突出症较单纯MED治疗具有更好的疗效。