短节段经伤椎单侧置钉固定与其结合椎体内植骨治疗胸腰椎骨折的疗效比较

目的 探讨短节段经伤椎单侧置钉固定与其结合椎体内植骨治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析自2009-06-2012-06行手术治疗的胸腰椎骨折245例的相关资料.采用短节段经伤椎单侧置钉固定术131例,行短节段经伤椎单侧置钉固定结合椎体内植骨术114例,测量伤椎及其上、下相邻正常椎体的前缘、中间的高度、伤椎后凸Cobb角,比较两组的椎体压缩率、矫正度丢失、术中出血量、手术时间和患者满意度.结果 术后随访18～24个月,平均21.8个月,随访期间椎体高度均无严重丢失,无钉棒弯曲、松动或断裂.伤椎椎体压缩率由术前的(45.59±5.2)％和(46.48±7.5)％降至术后的(8.76±4.8)％和(9.24±4.6)％;后凸Cobb角由术前的(25.8±3.8)°和(24.6±4.2)°降至术后的(9.8±1.7)°和(8.6±2.7)°,两者无明显变化(P＞0.05).2组伤椎中间高度由术前的(56.74±8.6)％和(55.60±7.3)％升至术后的(85.26±10.52)％和(92.52±8.4)％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 短节段经伤椎单侧置钉固定与其结合椎体内植骨治疗胸腰椎骨折均可取得满意治疗效果.     

单双侧椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折的疗效分析

目的 对比单双侧椎体后凸成形术(PKP)治疗骨质疏松性单一胸腰椎压缩骨折的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析自2010-06-2013-04北京积水潭医院脊柱科诊治的PKP患者451例,分为单侧和双侧入路组.评价指标:手术时间、透视次数、骨水泥量、VAS评分、椎体高度、Cobb角及骨水泥渗漏.结果 所有患者均顺利完成手术.平均手术时间、骨水泥填充量、平均手术时间、骨水泥注射量、X线曝光时间2组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).2组术后VAS评分、平均椎体高度、Cobb角较术前显著改善,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).2组骨水泥渗漏率相似,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 单侧入路行PKP治疗骨质疏松性单椎体骨折比双侧入路具有手术时间更短、X线放射次数更少等优点,能取得经双侧入路穿刺相似的治疗效果.     

The Need for Lateral Piriform Rim Augmentation in Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip/Palate During Alveolar Cleft Bone Grafting

Background

Alveolar bone grafting in unilateral cleft lip/palate (CLP) patients can improve nasal symmetry and facial esthetic. In some cases lateral piriform hypoplasia cannot be compensated by soft tissue thickness of the face, necessitating onlay bone grafting. This study was designed to estimate the proportion of patients among unilateral CLP patients requiring this procedure.

Materials and Methods

In a retrospective study, unilateral CLP patients with severe paranasal deficiency, who were managed by paranasal augmentation with cortico-cancellous bone graft during the alveolar cleft bone grafting, were included.

Results

From 85 unilateral CLP patients treated from 2005 to 2011 in the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, fourteen patients were treated with lateral piriform augmentation technique. Mean age of the patients at the time of operation was 16 ± 4.8 years. Follow-up period was 2–6 years.

Conclusion

Concomitant alveolar bone grafting and lateral piriform augmentation is needed at least in 16.5 % of unilateral CLP patients.     

益髓醒神针联合镜像视觉反馈对脑卒中后单侧空间忽略患者的康复分析

目的：探讨益髓醒神针刺联合镜像视觉反馈（MVF）治疗脑卒中后单侧空间忽略（USN）的康复情况。方法：以2016年6月-2018年12月杭州市中医院康复科脑卒中后左脑偏瘫的患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为两组。对照组（38例）进行镜像视觉反馈（MVF）训练联合常规治疗与康复训练,干预组（39例）在对照组基础上加用益髓醒神针刺治疗,均治疗4周。通过对比两组治疗前及4周后SUN程度、肢体运动功能、日常生活能力、认知功能,焦虑、抑郁情绪,以及生活质量评估患者康复效果。结果：两组一般资料差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。经过4周治疗后,与治疗前相比,两组患者USN程度均出现明显下降（P<0.01）;肢体运动功能、日常生活能力和精神认知功能均明显提高（P<0.01）;焦虑、抑郁情绪得到缓解（P<0.01）;生活质量得到提高（P<0.05）。并且两组比较,研究组在SUN程度、肢体运动功能、日常生活能力、认知功能,负性情绪各方面均进一步得到改善（P<0.05）;生活质量方面在生理机能、生理职能、精力、社会功能及一般健康维度评分上提高更加明显（P<0.05）。结论：益髓醒神针联合MVF对卒中后USN患者具有协同康复作用,可提高患者USN、肢体运动功能、日常生活能力、精神认知,改善患者负性情绪,提高生活质量,值得临床进一步推广。     

单侧良性蝶窦病变的CT及MRI影像表现特点分析

目的分析单侧良性蝶窦病变的CT及MRI影像表现特点。方法回顾性分析2017年5月至2018年5月我院耳鼻喉科诊治的20例鼻内镜手术后病理证实单侧良性蝶窦病变患者临床资料,均行CT及MRI检查,评估其影像学特征。结果 20例单侧良性蝶窦病变患者中,7例为蝶窦囊肿,CT见蝶窦内呈圆形/卵圆形密度均匀的软组织密度影,其中蝶窦腔膨胀者骨质吸收减少,MRI呈长T1、长T2不规则球形影;7例为真菌性蝶窦炎,CT见其蝶窦内呈不规则点片状钙化斑、云絮状影,毛玻璃样改变,MRI见蝶窦内混杂信号,炎症片状渗出影,真菌结节T2WI低信号;4例为蝶窦脑脊液鼻漏,CT发现蝶窦中单纯软组织密度影,MRI上有线状高信号影将脑脊液高信号影及鼻窦内高信号液体影相连,脑组织、鼻黏膜呈明显低信号;内翻性乳头状瘤2例,CT见蝶窦中软组织不均匀密度影,MRI上肿物不均匀强化,条索样或"脑回征"。结论 CT及MRI可为单侧良性蝶窦病变的诊断及治疗提供全面影像信息,其中CT对病变周围骨质改变、MRI对病变侵袭范围分别有较好显示效果,两者联合对病变有较高的鉴别价值。     

单侧入路双侧减压TLIF手术治疗腰椎管狭窄症的疗效研究

目的 研究单侧入路双侧减压TLIF 手术与传统的PLIF 手术方式相比治疗腰椎管狭窄症的治疗效果。方法 以2016 年10 月～2017 年8 月我院收治的36 例腰椎管狭窄症患者为研究对象,将其随机分为实验组和对照组,其中对照组采用传统的PLIF 手术治疗,实验组采用单侧入路双侧减压TLIF 手术治疗,每组各18 例,比较两组患者的临床疗效及术后康复情况。结果 两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量和住院时间均差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,但实验组患者的术后引流量更少（P＜0.05）。治疗后两组患者术后第1、3 天的CPK 水平显著高于术前（P＜0.05）,且实验组显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）,但术后第7 天的CPK 水平两组较术前均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。术后3 个月时两组的VAS 评分和ODI 评分均较术前显著下降（P＜0.05）,且实验组明显优于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 与传统的PLIF 手术方式相比,单侧入路双侧减压TLIF 手术治疗腰椎管狭窄症的疗效更为显著,对于患者造成的手术创伤较小,术后恢复效果更好。     

Clinical Utility of the Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (NAB) after Unilateral Stroke

The NAB is a comprehensive battery assessing five cognitive domains (Attention, Language, Memory, Spatial, Executive Function). Despite the advantage of co-normative domain data, its clinical utility is not well established because few studies have reported full-battery findings. The aim of this study was to determine if the NAB was sensitive to well documented hemispheric differences in language and spatial skills after unilateral stroke. We compared demographically matched control participants (n = 52) and individuals after left (LHD, n = 36) or right (RHD, n = 33) hemisphere damage due to stroke on the NAB, parts of the Western Aphasia Battery, and traditional visuospatial tasks. Both stroke groups showed impaired NAB Attention, Spatial, and Executive Functions relative to controls, while the LHD group was more impaired than control and RHD groups on Language and Memory modules. LHD patients with aphasia on traditional measures performed worse than control and non-aphasic LHD patients on all NAB domains. RHD patients with spatial impairment on traditional measures performed worse than controls, but not RHD patients without spatial impairment, on the NAB Spatial domain. Findings suggest the NAB is generally comparable to traditional language and visuospatial measures, and it sufficiently detects attention and executive deficits.     

Open Versus Closed Rhinoplasty with Primary Cheiloplasty: A Comparative Study

The repair of unilateral cleft lip nose deformity remains a challenging endeavor for reconstructive surgeons for many reasons, one of which is the timing of rhinoplasty, whether to be synchronous or staged with cleft lip repair and the technique for rhinoplasty. Many authors now favor primary rhinoplasty with the cleft lip repair. Various surgical techniques have been used, most commonly the closed and open rhinoplasty techniques. In this randomized controlled prospective study, we compare the closed rhinoplasty technique with open rhinoplasty during primary unilateral cleft lip repair. Thirty-six patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and nose deformity were selected. Out of this 19 patients were assigned randomly and operated with open rhinoplasty and 17 patients with closed rhinoplasty. The cleft lip repair was done using modified, Millard’s rotation-advancement technique in both the groups. Follow-up assessment was done after 6 months. Quantitative and qualitative analysis were done. Statistical analysis of the data was done using SPSS 11.0. Post-operatively, the alar base width difference between the open and closed rhinoplasty techniques was statistically significant. There was no statistically significant difference in other parameters compared.     

Presurgical Nasoalveolar Molding (PNAM) for a Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate: A Clinical Report

Cleft lip and palate deformity is a congenital defect of the middle third of the face. Incidence varies from 1:500 to 1:2500 live births. Etiology depends upon hereditary and environmental factors. Restoration of these defects is important not only for functional and esthetic reasons, but also because there may be a positive psychological impact for the patient and parents. The goal of primary closure of the lip for unilateral cleft lip is to ensure a normal and symmetrical lip and nose. Presurgical infant orthopedics has been employed since the 1950s as an adjunctive neonatal therapy for the correction of cleft lip and palate. Presurgical nasoalveolar molding (PNAM) represents a paradigm shift from the traditional methods of presurgical infant orthopedics. PNAM consists of active molding of the alveolar segments as well as the surrounding soft tissues. This clinical report describes a new approach of PNAM therapy for an infant with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate showing significant reduction in cleft defect size and improved contour and topography of deformed surrounding soft tissues.