Seguridad en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal

The presentations at Digestive Disease Week 2013 emphasized treatment safety. Anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents and thiopurines are reasonably safe in breastfeeding and pregnancy. Several studies indicate that controlling the risk of tuberculosis when anti-TNF agents are planned presents several problems, both in the initial diagnosis of latent tuberculosis and in subsequent patient follow-up, given that cases of tuberculosis continue to occur, despite recommendations. Thiopurines increase the risk of lymphoma, but there is no residual risk when these drugs are withdrawn. Despite increasing knowledge of the risks and recommendations on how to avoid them, there remain considerable shortfalls in the application of preventive measures and, more specifically, in vaccinations. Infliximab and cyclosporin produce similar results when used to treat severe outbreaks of ulcerative colitis. Thromboembolism prevention continues to be deficient, and the barriers to effective prevention concern not only physicians but can also involve nursing staff, for example. There is still a wide margin for improvement in safety. New drugs under study (vedolizumab, golimumab) have not shown any hitherto unknown signs of significant toxicity.     

Endoscopic and histologic activity assessment considering disease extent and prediction of treatment failure in ulcerative colitis

Abstract

Background and Aims

DUBLIN score allows evaluation of disease activity and extent in ulcerative colitis (UC). This study aimed to evaluate DUBLIN score as a predictor of therapeutic failure as well as to associate endoscopic and histological activity scores to assess their joint performance.     

基于网络药理学和分子对接技术探究槐花散治疗溃疡性结肠炎的作用机制＊

目的 该研究采用网络药理学和分子对接的研究方法结合体内实验探讨槐花散治疗溃疡性结肠炎（ulcerative colitis， UC）的主要化合物和靶点，并分析其作用机制。方法 利用多个数据库筛选药物活性成分、药物靶点和UC疾病基因，并进行拓扑分析，构建“化合物-药物靶点-疾病基因”关系网络。利用DAVID在线分析工具对候选靶点进行基因本体（Gene ontology， GO）功能和生物通路（KEGG）富集分析。通过SYBYL X2.0软件进行分子对接，获取总评分、共识评分和结合位点。利用硫酸葡聚糖钠盐（dextran sodium sulfate，DSS）建立UC小鼠模型，槐花散干预后，评估疾病活动指数和结肠病理，RT-qPCR检测白介素6（IL-6）、白介素17（IL-17）mRNA表达水平，Western Blot检测IL-6、IL-17蛋白表达水平。结果 槐花散中有20个化合物对应375个靶点对121个UC疾病基因产生影响。对72个关键靶点作GO功能分析筛选得303个GO条目，其中生物过程相关的条目223条，细胞组成相关的条目25条，分子功能相关的条目55条。KEGG富集分析筛选得到88条通路。分子对接结果显示关键靶点与对应的化合物有较好的结合活性。体内实验显示，槐花散可以改善UC小鼠DAI评分，下调IL-6、IL-17的表达，减轻结肠组织病理损伤。结论 槐花散治疗UC具有多成分、多靶点、多通路的特点，为槐花散治疗UC的进一步研究提供了理论依据。     

Solid extraintestinal malignancies in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Malignancies constitute the second cause of death in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), after cardiovascular diseases. Although it has been postulated that IBD patients are at greater risk of colorectal cancer compared to the general population, lately there has been evidence supporting that this risk is diminishing over time as a result of better surveillance, while the incidence of extraintestinal cancers (EICs) is increasing. This could be attributed either to systemic inflammation caused by IBD or to long-lasting immunosuppression due to IBD treatments. It seems that the overall risk of EICs is higher for Crohn’s disease patients and it is mainly driven by skin cancers, and liver-biliary cancers in patients with IBD and primary sclerosing cholangitis. The aims of this review were first to evaluate the prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors of EICs in patients with IBD and second to raise awareness regarding a proper surveillance program resulting in early diagnosis, better prognosis and survival, especially in the era of new IBD treatments that are on the way.     

Errores en la atención de los pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal: estudio «ERRATA»

IntroductionErrors are very common in daily clinical practice; however, they can be prevented. Our aim was to identify the most common errors in the outpatient management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients.Material and methodsPatients diagnosed with IBD, being treated at our IBD Unit and who were referred for a second opinion were consecutively enrolled. Data on the strategies implemented by their previous physicians were obtained. These strategies were compared with the currently recommended diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.ResultsSeventy-four IBD patients were enrolled. Prior to care in our Unit, screening for tobacco use had been performed in 50% of Crohn's disease patients, while smoking cessation counselling had been provided in 29%. At the time of IBD diagnosis, the hepatitis B virus immunization status had been investigated in 16% of the patients, the hepatitis C virus status in 15%, and the varicella status in 7%. Seven percent of the patients had been vaccinated against hepatitis B virus, and 3% against influenza, tetanus and pneumococcus. Sixty-seven percent of the patients with an indication for use of 5-aminosalicylic acid and 37% of those with an indication for immunosuppressants had received the indicated drug.DiscussionErrors in the outpatient management of IBD patients are very common and relevant.