Determinants of anti-PD-1 response and resistance in clear cell renal cell carcinoma

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Risk factors for total ankle arthroplasty failure: A Dutch Arthroplasty Register study

BackgroundStudies concerning total ankle arthroplasty could be influenced by several forms of bias. Independent national arthroplasty registries represent objective data on survival and patient reported outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine survival and identify risk factors for early failure in a nationwide series of total ankle arthroplasties from the Dutch Arthroplasty Register (LROI).Patients and methodsData of 810 patients, who received 836 total ankle arthroplasties between 2014 and 2020 were obtained from the Dutch Arthroplasty Register (LROI) with a median follow-up of 38 months (range 1–84 months). Survival was expressed in Kaplan-Meier analysis and associated hazard ratios for implant failure were determined. Implant failure was defined as the need for revision surgery for any reason or (pan)arthrodesis.ResultsDuring follow-up, we recorded 39 failures (4.7%) resulting in a implant survival of 95.3% with a median follow-up of 38 months (range 1–84 months). Medial malleolus osteotomy (HR = 2.27), previous surgery (HR = 1.83), previous osteotomy (HR = 2.82) and previous ligament reconstruction (HR = 2.83) all showed potentially clinically meaningful associations with a higher incidence of implant failure, yet only previous OCD treatment (HR = 6.21), BMI (HR = 1.09) and age (HR = 0.71) were statistically significant.InterpretationExcellent short-term survival (95.3%) with a median follow-up of 38 months was reported for TAA patients from the Dutch Arthroplasty Register. Patients with a lower age, a higher BMI or who had a prior surgical OCD treatment before TAA surgery appear to have a higher risk for revision after short-term clinical follow-up. Thorough patient selection with emphasis on risk factors associated with early implant failure might be essential to improve TAA survivorship.     

Ensayo clínico para determinar si el momento de administración del ácido tranexámico en la cirugía de prótesis total de rodilla con torniquete influye en el sangrado perioperatorio

Background and objectivesThe ideal timing of tranexamic acid administration in total knee arthroplasty with tourniquet remains unclear. Our primary objective was to prove if administering it before surgical incision, instead of before releasing the tourniquet, reduces postoperative bleeding. A second objective was to determine whether a second dose reduces post-operative bleeding.Material and methodsA prospective, double-blind clinical trial was performed on 212 patients scheduled for total knee arthroplasty. They were randomised into 4 groups. Tranexamic acid was administered before the surgical incision in “pre-induction groups” (1 and 2), and just before the tourniquet release in “pre-release groups” (3 and 4). Groups 2 and 4 received a second dose 3 hours post-surgery. Main outcome was postoperative bleeding (visible blood loss and calculated total bleeding). Secondary outcomes were haemoglobin variations, complications and transfusion rate.ResultsThe mean calculated total bleeding was 1563 ml (95%CI: 1445 to 1681) in preinduction groups versus 1576 ml (95%CI: 1439 to 1713) in pre-release groups (P = .9); 1579 ml (95%CI: 1452 to 1706) in single-dose groups versus 1559 ml (95%CI: 1431 to 1686) in double-dose groups (P = .82). One patient was transfused. The mean haemoglobin at discharge was 10.4 g/dl (95%CI: 10.2 to 10.7) in singledose groups versus 10.8 (95%CI: 10.6 to 11.1) in double-dose groups (P = .06).ConclusionsThere were no differences in bleeding or transfusion regarding the time of tranexamic acid administration. The second dose had not impact on outcomes.Trial registration: EudraCT 2016-000071-24.     

他克莫司联合308nm准分子激光治疗面部白癜风

目的探讨他克莫司联合308nm准分子激光在面部白癜风治疗中的应用效果。方法选取2017年2月-2019年2月医院84例面部白癜风患者为研究对象,根据入院单双号将受试者进行分组,其中对照组42例患者接受308nm准分子激光治疗,研究组42例患者在对照组的基础上联合他克莫司软膏治疗,比较两组患者治疗后1个月、3个月时的治疗总有效率以及治疗前后白斑面积与皮损区IL-17水平变化。结果研究组患者在治疗后1个月、3个月时的治疗总有效率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),与治疗前相比,治疗后两组患者白斑面积及皮损区IL-17水平均显著减少,且研究组显著少于对照组(P<0.05)。结论他克莫司联合308nm准分子激光可有效缩小白斑面积,降低皮损区IL-17水平,疗效确切。     

The Efficacy and Safety of Regional Nerve Blocks in Total Hip Arthroplasty: Systematic Review and Direct Meta-Analysis

BackgroundRegional nerve blocks may be used as a component of a multimodal analgesic protocol to manage postoperative pain after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA). The purpose of our study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of regional nerve blocks after THA in support of the combined clinical practice guidelines of the American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Hip Society, Knee Society, and American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for studies published prior to March 24, 2020 on fascia iliaca, lumbar plexus, and quadratus lumborum blocks in primary THA. All included studies underwent qualitative and quantitative homogeneity testing followed by a systematic review and direct comparison meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of the regional nerve blocks.ResultsAn initial critical appraisal of 3,382 publications yielded 11 publications representing the best available evidence for an analysis. Fascia iliaca, lumbar plexus, and quadratus lumborum blocks demonstrate the ability to reduce postoperative pain and opioid consumption. Among the available comparisons, no difference was noted between a regional nerve block or local periarticular anesthetic infiltration regarding postoperative pain and opioid consumption.ConclusionLocal periarticular anesthetic infiltration should be considered prior to a regional nerve block due to concerns over the safety and cost of regional nerve blocks. If a regional nerve block is used in primary THA, a fascia iliaca block is preferred over other blocks due to the differences in technical demands and risks associated with the alternative regional nerve blocks.     

Advantages of an Anterior-Based Muscle-Sparing Approach in Transitioning From a Posterior Approach for Total Hip Arthroplasty: Minimizing the Learning Curve

BackgroundEnthusiasm for anterior-based approaches for total hip arthroplasty (THA) continues to increase but there is concern for increased complications during the learning curve period associated. This study aimed to investigate if there was a difference in perioperative variables, intraoperative and immediate postoperative complications, or patient-reported outcomes when transitioning from a mini-posterior approach (mPA) to an anterior-based muscle-sparing (ABMS) approach for THA.MethodsRetrospective cohort study on the first 100 primary THA cases (n = 96 patients) of the senior author (August 2016 to August 2017) using the ABMS approach. These cases were compared to primary THA cases done the year prior (July 2015 to July 2016, n = 91 cases in 89 patients) using an mPA. Data were extracted and analyzed via gamma regression with robust standard errors and using generalized estimating equation regression.ResultsWe found no difference in the estimated blood loss (P = .452) and surgical time (P = .564) between the cohorts. The ABMS cases had a slightly shorter length of stay (P = .001) with an adjusted mean length of stay of 1.53 days (95% confidence interval 1.4-1.6) compared to 1.85 days (95% confidence interval 1.8-1.9) in the mPA cases. There was no difference in the frequency of immediate postoperative complications (all, P > .05). There was no difference in the adjusted mean change in patient-reported outcomes (all P > .05). In the ABMS group, there was no difference in surgical time or physical function computerized adaptive test between the first 20 cases (reference) and each subsequent group of 20 cases (all P > .05).ConclusionThis study demonstrates no associated learning curve for an experienced senior surgeon when switching routine THA approach from mPA to ABMS. We advise careful interpretation of our results, as they may not apply to all surgeons and practices.Level of EvidenceLevel III Therapeutic Study: retrospective comparative study.     

Sex Disparities in Risk of Mortality Among Children With ESRD

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腹腔镜与开腹全胃切除术治疗Ⅰ期胃癌的近期疗效对比CSCD

目的探讨腹腔镜全胃切除术与传统开腹全胃切除术对Ⅰ期胃癌的近期疗效。方法回顾性分析89例肿瘤位于近端胃的Ⅰ期胃癌,并且行全胃切除术的患者。按照手术方式不同分为腹腔镜组(47例)和开腹组(42例)。通过观察两组患者手术时间、出血量、术后病理相关指标、术后并发症、术后首次进食流质饮食时间及术后住院天数,比较两种手术方式的近期疗效。结果两组患者基线资料对比差异无统计学意义,具有可比性。与开腹组相比,腹腔镜组患者手术时间更长,但术中出血量、术后首次进食流质饮食时间、术后住院天数、术后并发症发生率及并发症等级均低于开腹组(P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜全胃切除术能够在保证Ⅰ期的近端胃癌患者手术安全性的同时,降低患者术中出血量、进食流质饮食时间、术后住院时间及术后并发症。