长骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的影像诊断

目的 探讨长骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的影像学特征.方法 回顾性分析经病理证实长骨嗜酸性肉芽肿患者的影像学资料.结果 16例患者共检查出病灶21处,其中股骨有12处病灶,胫骨5处,腓骨2处,桡骨2处.影像学表现主要为骨质破坏、皮质改变、骨膜反应、软组织肿块.结论 长骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的影像学表现具有一定的特征性,结合X线平片和CT、MRI,可提高对该病的影像学诊断能力.     

Management of long bone metastases: recommendations from the Italian Orthopaedic Society bone metastasis study group

The purpose of this article is to outline the current approach to patients affected by metastasis to the long bones and to present a clinical and surgical algorithm available for clinicians and for future research. A modern approach to patients affected by long bone metastasis in fact requires a multidisciplinary contest where oncologists, radiotherapists, surgeons and physical therapists cooperate with a shared vision, in order to provide the best possible integrated treatments available. The authors of this article constitute the Bone Metastasis Study Group of the Italian Orthopaedic Society (SIOT): a national group of orthopedic tumor surgeons who are dedicated to studying the approach, techniques and outcomes of surgery for metastatic tumours of the musculoskeletal system.     

正常成年人足底跖骨水平高频超声检查方法及声像图表现

目的 探讨前列腺特异性抗原密度（PSAD）对前列腺影像报告和数据系统第二版（PI-RADS v2）评分为3分患者临床决策中的应用价值。方法 收集接受前列腺穿刺且穿刺前MRI PI-RADS v2评分为3分的54例患者,根据穿刺病理结果分为前列腺癌（PCa）组（n=11）和良性组（n=43）。比较2组间总前列腺特异性抗原（TPSA）、游离前列腺特异性抗原（FPSA）、二者比值（F/T）及PSAD、前列腺体积、标识病灶体积的差异,并以ROC曲线分析PSAD诊断PI-RADS v2评分3分患者前列腺病灶良恶性的效能。结果 2组间PSAD差异有统计学意义（P=0.006）,TPSA、FPSA、F/T、前列腺体积及标识病灶体积差异均无统计学意义（P均<0.05）。PSAD的ROC曲线下面积为0.771（P<0.05）,以PSAD=0.25 ng/ml²为临界值,其诊断PI-RADS v2评分为3分患者前列腺病变良恶性的敏感度为72.73%（8/11）,特异度为74.42%（32/43）。结论 PSAD可有效评估PI-RADS v2评分3分患者的患癌风险,以PSAD=0.25 ng/ml²筛查PI-RADS v2评分为3分的高危患者,可减少无效穿刺,提高穿刺阳性率。     

骨代谢指标测定在骨质疏松诊治中的应用价值

目的 比较妇女绝经前后骨代谢指标的变化，研究各指标在骨质疏松症治疗后的变化率，对各指标在骨质疏松症诊治中的应用作出初步评价。方法 48例绝经前妇女、48例绝经后妇女测定10项骨代谢指标．45例绝经后骨质疏松症患者．治疗前、治疗6个月后分别测定10项骨代谢指标，观察其变化率。12名绝经后妇女，每两个月测定10项骨代谢指标。共观察一年。结果 绝经后妇女骨代谢指标明显升高，绝经后骨质疏松症患者经抗吸收治疗后．大部分骨代谢指标明显降低，血清骨形成指标比尿骨吸收指标长期个体内的变异要小。结论 绝经后骨质疏松症患者骨转换加快，部分血清骨代谢指标优于尿骨代谢指标，尤以血清骨形成指标N—mid骨钙素和血清骨吸收指标CTX为优。     

不同部位骨原发性非霍奇金淋巴瘤的影像表现对比分析

目的:对比分析发生于不同部位的骨原发性非霍奇金淋巴瘤(PNLB)的影像表现。方法:搜集经手术病理及免疫组化证实的25例PNLB患者,按照病变发生部位分为四肢骨组(13例)和躯干骨组(12例)。对两组的患者发病年龄、骨质破坏类型、软组织肿块大小及包绕骨病变形式、MRI信号特点进行分析。结果:四肢骨组的患者发病年龄(中位年龄44岁)较躯干骨组(中位年龄54岁)年轻。在四肢骨组中,以单发病变多见(77%),骨质破坏以溶骨性和混合性破坏为主(各占46%,6/13);在躯干骨组中,骨质破坏类型以溶骨性为主(50%),两组的骨质破坏类型差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组中以出现软组织肿块多见(72%),但四肢骨组中软组织肿块偏大,呈环绕型生长。MRI信号特点无特异性。结论:四肢骨组中,患者发病年龄相对年轻,骨质破坏以溶骨性和混合性破坏为主,单发病变多见,周围软组织肿块较躯干骨组大,且呈环周包绕性生长。躯干骨组中,患者发病年龄相对较大,骨质破坏类型以溶骨性为主,周围软组织肿块相对偏小,但也呈环绕型生长。     

The evolution of the nosology of osteogenesis imperfecta

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a relatively common genetic skeletal disorder with an estimated frequency of 1 in 20 000 worldwide. The manifestations are diverse and although individually rare, the several different forms contribute to the production of a significant number of affected individuals with considerable morbidity and mortality. During the last decade, there have been extensive molecular investigations into the etiology of OI and these advances have direct relevance to the medical management of the disorder, and the purpose of this review is to document the history and evolution of the nosology of OI. The current nosology, based on molecular concepts, which are crucial in the identification of genotype‐phenotype correlations in persons with OI, is also outlined. The successive revisions of the nosology and classification of OI have highlighted the importance of the nomenclature of the condition in order for it to be recognized by clinicians, scientists and patient advocacy groups. In this way, improved counseling of patients and individualized, tailored therapeutic approaches based on the underlying pathophysiology of the individual's type of OI have been facilitated.