CT血管造影在脑动静脉畸形诊断中的应用

目的探讨CT血管造影(CTA)在诊断脑动静脉畸形(AVM)中的应用价值。方法选择2010年1月至2013年5月入住连云港市第二人民医院21例AVM患者的影像资料,分析其CT平扫、增强扫描的影像表现,并与手术结果进行比较。结果 21例患者检测出21处AVM,均进行病灶手术切除。三维CTA影像结果和患者手术所见AVM结果进行对比显示:①CTA影像对AVM位置的诊断与手术结果一致,符合率高达100%。②CTA对供血动脉显示率为95.3%(41/43),对引流静脉的显示率为72.7%(24/33)。③21处畸形血管团采用三维CTA检测显示其累及范围与手术结果测量,比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 CTA是一种安全可靠的诊断AVM的影像手段,具有良好的临床诊断及手术指导应用价值。     

Outcomes of reoperative surgery in severely obese patients after sleeve gastrectomy: a single-institution experience

BackgroundDespite its popularity, sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is not devoid of postoperative complications and weight regain. Some of these cases warrant conversion to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or proximal gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy. Complications after conversion are scarcely reported in the literature.ObjectivesReport and review the outcomes of reoperation on severely obese patients with weight regain or complications after SG.SettingBariatric Surgery Center of Excellence; Community Hospital, United States.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients converted from SG to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass/proximal gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy at our center, from 2004 to 2018. Patients were stratified by reason for conversion. Group A included those converted for complications (leaks, strictures, or gastroesophageal reflux disease) and group B for reported weight regain. Demographic characteristics, postoperative outcomes, and complications were described.ResultsFrom 77 conversions identified, 63.6% (n = 49) underwent primary SG at an outside hospital. We observed predominant female (68.8%; n = 53) and Caucasian (76.6%; n = 59) populations. Conversions for complications were performed in 67.5% (n = 52) and for weight regain in 32.4% (n = 25). The most common conversion indication in group A was chronic leak (29.9%; n = 23), followed by gastroesophageal reflux disease (20.8%; n = 16), and stricture (16.9%; n = 13). Overall, major complications occurred in 16.9% (n = 13) and minor complications in 19.4% (n = 15). In group A, most common major complications were anastomotic leak and organ space surgical site infection (3.9%; n = 2 each); the most common minor complication was nonperforated marginal ulcer (7.7%; n = 4). In group B, the most common major complication was perforated marginal ulcer (8%; n = 2); the most common minor complication was stricture (16%; n = 4). Group B mean preconversion body mass index was 38.4 ± 4.3 and percentage excess body mass index loss was 48 ± 33, 63 ± 45, 59 ± 63, and 73 ± 25 (12, 24, 36, ≥48 mo).ConclusionsOur experience shows that major complications can occur in up to 17% of patients after conversion. Conversion to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in nonresponders appears to be a safe and effective option for body mass index reduction.     

肥厚型梗阻性心肌病合并心肌桥的外科治疗策略和临床结果

目的：总结肥厚型梗阻性心肌病（HOCM）合并心肌桥的患者行改良扩大Morrow术时同期心肌桥松解术的处理策略及早期结果。 方法：回顾性分析 2015年6月至2018年6月阜外医院第二住院部实施手术治疗的HOCM合并心肌桥的患者36例，男性30例（30/36，83.3%），女性6例（6/36，16.7%），年龄12-57（37.4±13.2）岁。手术前后及随访期常规行心脏超声心动图、心电图及胸部 X 线片、核磁共振检查，评价心功能、左室流出道及二尖瓣的结构和功能变化。 结果：术前出现胸闷症状者27例，胸痛症状者5例，晕厥史13例。术前左室流出道峰值压差（LVOTG）为51-120（73.1±18.6）mmHg（1mmHg=0.133kPa）。全部患者均接受改良扩大 Morrow术联合肌桥松解术，同期行冠脉旁路移植术2例，二尖瓣置换术1例，二尖瓣成形术3例，房间隔缺损修补术1例，改良迷宫手术1例。全组无术中死亡及术后30天内死亡。心肌桥的位置为前降支的患者共34例，心肌桥的位置为后降支的患者为2例，心肌桥的长度范围7-50mm，平均长度为21.8±15.5mm。术后ICU时间1-5（2.6±1.4）天，术后住院时间7-13（7.9±2.6）天，术后未见严重并发症，术后完全性左束支传导阻滞9例，术后完全性右束支传导阻滞1例。术后左室流出道峰值压差（73.1±18.6 mmHg vs 11.2±5.5 mmHg，P=0.00），室间隔厚度（19.2±4.2 mm vs 14.8±4.3mm，P=0.00）与术前比较均明显降低。术后二尖瓣反流程度较术前明显减轻（P<0.001），二尖瓣前向运动（SAM征）基本消失。本组术后随访3-52个月，平均(24.6±12.5)个月，随访患者症状均消失，心动能NYHA分级级别较术前降低I～II级，无远期死亡、并发症或再次手术。 结论 对于肥厚型梗阻性心肌病合并严重心肌桥的患者行改良扩大Morrow术时同时行心肌桥松解术是安全的。可明显改善患者的生存率及症状，起到协同作用，不增加患者的手术并发症。