肝脓肿治疗模式的临床研究

目的探讨肝脓肿的治疗方式和减少并发症的途径。方法对117例肝脓肿的各种治疗方法进行回顾性总结。结果非手术治疗12例,经腹切开引流46列,B超引导下经皮穿刺抽脓或置管引流59例,全部治愈。介入超声治疗组术后平均住院日比手术引流组少6.2d(P<0.01),并发症明显减少(P<0.01)。结论经皮穿刺抽脓或置管引流术简便、安全、住院时间短、费用少,并发症和病死率低,可用于治疗大多数肝脓肿。     

胫骨交锁髓内钉术后感染分析

目的：探讨胫腌骨骨折交锁髓内钉术后感染的预防与治疗方法。方法;对12例术后感染的病例进行回顾性分析。3例经过抗菌素治疗,9例经过闭式滴不引流加抗菌素治疗,结果;全部病例获随访,随访时间10个月－2年,感染控制,骨折愈合,结论：对胫骨交锁髓内钉术后感染的病人,不必急于取出内固定,采用闭式滴注引流加抗菌素治疗可获得满意效果。     

脑室出血的治疗

目的探讨脑室出血的治疗方法。方法选择原发性脑室出血19例,继发性脑室出血21例,其原发出血灶血肿量严格限制在30ml以下,全部病人均采用双侧侧脑室双腔管引流,尿激酶脑室灌注及间断腰穿放液。结果死亡7例,死亡率17．5％,明显低于内科治疗80％的死亡率。结论双腔管双侧脑室引流尿激酶脑室灌注和间断腰穿放液等为目前治疗脑室出血的较为有效的方法。     

Closed Incision Negative Pressure Wound Therapy for Elective Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

BackgroundPersistent wound drainage after total joint arthroplasty (TJA) increases the risk of surgical site infections (SSIs). Closed incision negative pressure wound therapy (ciNPWT) decreases infections in traumatic wounds, but evidence for its use after elective TJA is limited. The purpose of this meta-analysis of level I studies is to determine the effect of ciNPWT on risk of SSI and wound complications following TJA.MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials comparing ciNPWT vs standard dressings after total hip (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Studies exclusively involving THA for femoral neck fractures were excluded. Risk of SSI and noninfectious wound complications (blisters, seroma, hematoma, persistent drainage, dehiscence, and wound edge necrosis) following TJA were analyzed.ResultsSSI risk was lower with ciNPWT compared to standard dressings (3.4% vs 7%; relative risk [RR] 0.48, P = .007), specifically in revision THA and TKA (4.1% vs 10.5%; RR 0.41, P = .03). ciNPWT increased the noninfectious complication risk after primary TKA (RR 4.71, P < .0001), especially causing wound blistering (RR 12.66, P < .0001). ciNPWT decreased hospital length of stay by 0.73 days (P = .04) and reoperation rate (RR 0.28, P = .01).ConclusionciNPWT decreases SSI risk compared to standard dressings after revision TJA, but not primary TJA. ciNPWT is associated with >12-fold increased risk of wound blistering after primary TKA. ciNPWT plays a role in revision TJA management, but additional randomized controlled trials with uniform wound assessment methods must be performed to sufficiently power findings and draw conclusions on the use of ciNPWT after primary TJA.     

胆总管探查内置自行脱落J管一期缝合与T管引流治疗胆总管结石的临床分析

目的 比较腹腔镜胆总管探查放置自行脱落J管一期缝合与T管引流的临床疗效,探讨胆总管一期缝合放置自行脱落J管引流的可行性。方法 回顾性分析2019年3月至2020年10月西安交通大学附属咸阳市中心医院肝胆外科156例行腹腔镜下胆囊切除联合胆总管探查患者的临床资料。按手术方式分为自行脱落J管组（n=80）和T管引流组（n=76）,比较两组患者基线资料、术中术后情况及并发症等。结果 两组手术总时间、术中出血量、术后并发症情况无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。自行脱落J管组较T管引流组术后下床活动时间[（18.2±7.2）h vs（22.1±8.3）h,t=3.139,P=0.002]、术后排气时间[（1.7±0.9）d vs（2.1±1.3）d,t=2.244,P=0.026]、补液总量[（5 634.1±432.8）mL vs（6 351.4±547.9）mL,t=13.56,P＜0.001]、拔管时间[（8.7±3.3）d vs（47.1±13.0）d,t=14.966,P＜0.001]、住院时间[（7.9±2.8）d vs（9.4±3.3）d,t=3.067,P=0.003]、住院总费用[（15 489.2±2 217.1）元 vs（18 136.4±2 251.3）元,t=7.398,P＜0.001]差异有统计学意义。结论 严格掌握手术适应证前提下,自行脱落J管引流扩大了胆总管一期缝合适应证,安全有效,相比T管引流具有加速康复、减少住院费用、缩短住院时间等优势。     

负压封闭引流联合银黄洗剂冲洗治疗下肢静脉性溃疡的效果观察

目的:观察负压封闭引流联合银黄洗剂冲洗治疗下肢静脉性溃疡的临床疗效。方法:将52例下肢静脉性溃疡患者随机分为对照组和治疗组各26例,对照组给予负压封闭引流联合生理盐水冲洗治疗,治疗组给予负压封闭引流联合银黄洗剂冲洗治疗,疗程均为28 d。比较两组患者创面的面积及状态评分(气味、肉芽形态及疼痛的评分)、相关炎性指标(白细胞计数及超敏C反应蛋白值)的变化情况及总有效率。结果:治疗组的总有效率为88.46%,高于对照组的61.54%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与治疗前比较,两组治疗后创面的面积及状态评分明显改善,白细胞计数及超敏C反应蛋白值明显降低(P<0.05),且治疗组较对照组改善更明显,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:负压封闭引流联合银黄洗剂冲洗治疗下肢静脉性溃疡可有效促进肉芽组织生长、改善创面状态并降低炎性反应,明显提高创面愈合率。     

置管引流结合九一丹灌注治疗高位复杂性肛瘘临床观察

目的:观察置管引流结合九一丹灌注术治疗高位复杂性肛瘘的临床疗效。方法:选择高位复杂性肛瘘患者100例,随机分为两组:治疗组(n=50)例和对照组(n=50)例。治疗组采用置管引流结合九一丹灌注,对照组采用低位切开高位挂线术,对两组患者的一般资料、治愈时间、治愈率、复发率、以及肛门功能保护情况进行统计分析。结果:治疗组未愈2例,对照组未愈1例,术后随访均无复发病例,两组患者在治愈率、复发率方面无统计学差异(P>0.05);治疗组伤口愈合时间(33.4±4.8)d,较对照组(36.5±5.0)d明显缩短,有显著性差异(P<0.01);在伤口痊愈时、随访6月时两组的静息压、肛管最大收缩压均有显著性差异(P<0.01,P<0.01),治疗组肛门自制功能损伤小。结论:置管引流结合九一丹灌注治疗高位复杂性肛瘘,可缩短治疗时间,肛门括约肌功能得到较好的保护。     

Endoscopic internal drainage for the management of leak,fistula, and collection after sleeve gastrectomy: our experience in 617 consecutive patients

BackgroundEndoscopy plays a pivotal role in the management of adverse events (AE) following bariatric surgery. Leaks, fistulae, and post-operative collection after sleeve gastrectomy (SG) may occur in up to 10% of cases.ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic internal drainage (EID) for the management of leak, fistula, and collection following SG.SettingRetrospective, observational, single center study on patients referred from several bariatric surgery departments to an endoscopic referral center.MethodsEID was used as first-line treatment for the management of leaks, fistulae, and collections. Leaks and fistulae were treated with double pigtail stent (DPS) deployment in order to guarantee internal drainage and second intention cavity obliteration. Collections were treated with endoscropic ultrasound (EUS)–guided deployment of DPS or lumen apposing metal stents.ResultsA total of 617 patients (83.3% female; mean age, 43.1 yr) were enrolled in the study for leak (n = 300, 48.6%), fistula (n = 285, 46.2%), and collection (n = 32, 5.2%). Median follow-up was 19.5 months. Overall clinical success was 84.7% whereas 15.3% of cases required revisional surgery after EID failure. Clinical success according to type of AE was 89.5%, 78.5%, and 90% for leak, fistula, and collection, respectively. A total of 10 of 547 (1.8%) presented a recurrence during follow-up. A total of 28 (4.5%) AE related to the endoscopic treatment occurred. At univariate logistic regression predictors of failure were: fistula (OR 2.012), combined endoscopic approach (OR 2.319), need for emergency surgery (OR 1.755), and previous endoscopic treatment (OR 4.818).ConclusionEarly EID for the management of leak, fistula, and post-operative collection after SG seems a safe and effective first-line approach with good long-term results.     

Pediatric Hand Injuries Requiring Closed Reduction at a Tertiary Pediatric Care Center

Background: Hand fractures and dislocations are common injuries in the pediatric population. This study aims to characterize the pediatric hand injuries that required closed reduction and identify those that required multiple reduction attempts. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was carried out in patients younger than 18 years of age with hand fractures or dislocations who underwent closed reduction in the emergency department (ED). Patients who ultimately required surgical reduction and fixation were not included. Results: Of the 310 hand injuries identified, 148 (114 fractures and 34 dislocations) underwent closed reduction in the ED; 7.4% of those required repeat reduction. Hand injuries that most often required repeat reduction included metacarpophalangeal joint dislocations (20.0%) and proximal phalanx neck (16.7%), metacarpal shaft (15.4%), metacarpal neck (6.2%), and proximal phalanx base (5.6%) fractures. No modifiable risk factors predicting the need for repeat reduction were identified. Conclusions: Some pediatric hand injuries are more likely to require repeat closed reduction by a hand surgeon. This retrospective study is the first step toward quality improvement as it provides opportunities for further research into the factors contributing to reductions that are unsuccessful at the first attempt. Identification of these factors and implementation of quality improvement measures are necessary to ensure the effective treatment of all pediatric hand injuries.