Tunica albuginea allograft： a new model of LaPeyronie＇s disease with penile curvature and subtunical ossification

The pathophysiology of LaPeyronie＇s disease （PD） is considered to be multifactorial, involving genetic predisposition, trauma, inflammation and altered wound healing. However, these factors have not yet been validated using animal models. In this study, we have presented a new model obtained by tunica albuginea allograft. A total of 40, 16-week-old male rats were used. Of these, 8 rats served as controls and underwent a 10 × 2-mm-wide tunical excisionwith subsequent autografting, whereas the remaining 32 underwent the same excision with grafting of the defect with another rat＇s tunica. Morphological and functional testing was performed at 1, 3, 7 and 12 weeks after grafting. Intracavernous pressure, the degree of penile curvature and elastic fiber length were evaluated for comparison between the allograft and control groups. The tissues were obtained for histological examination. The penile curvature was significantly greater in the allografted rats as compared with the control rats. The erectile function was maintained in all rats, except in those assessed at 12 weeks. The elastin fiber length was decreased in the allografted tunica as compared to control. SMAD2 expression was detected in the inner part of the allograff, and both collagen-Ⅱ- and osteocalcin-positive cells were also noted. Tunica albuginea （TA） allograft in rats is an excellent model of PD. The persistence of curvature beyond 12 weeks and the presence of ossification in the inner layer of the TA were similar to those observed in men with PD. Validation studies using this animal model would aid understanding of the PD pathophysiology for effective therapeutic interventions.     

Avancées thérapeutiques majeures et nouvelles perspectives en onco-hématologie

Hematology Oncology has a rich history including few crucial therapeutic innovations. These were possible because of the evolution of the cell and molecular biology allowing a better understanding of basic mechanisms of cancerogenesis. We propose here to summarize the most important therapeutic innovations since the beginning of Hematology/Oncology history. We also describe evolution of therapeutic strategies themselves. New insights and therapeutic perspectives for next future are also discussed.     

关节镜下异体跟腱单双束重建后交叉韧带的随机对照*☆

背景：关节镜下重建后交叉韧带主要有单束重建和双束重建两种方式。 目的：随机对比应用异体跟腱单双束重建后交叉韧带损伤的临床疗效。 方法：选择青岛市市立医院骨科2006-01/2009-01的后交叉韧带损伤患者共70例，随机分为单束重建组和双束重建组，分别行异体跟腱单束重建及双束重建。 结果与结论：术后顺利完成康复计划并获得随访的病例共52例。双束重建组手术时间较单束重建组长，行关节腔穿刺的病例数较单束重建组多(P < 0.05)。手术后18个月随访结果显示，单束组重建及双束重建组的膝关节活动度、Lysholm评分、IKDC评分与术前比较有明显提高(P < 0.05)，两组膝关节屈曲30°和90°时用KNEELAX3测量胫骨端后移距离明显低于术前(P < 0.05)。两组术后Lysholm评分、 IKDC评分、两组膝关节屈曲30°和90°时用KNEELAX3测量胫骨端后移距离未见明显差别(P > 0.05)。说明与单束重建比较，双束重建后的早期临床疗效无明显提高，且双束重建的手术创伤大，手术时间长，术后关节肿胀重，故不推荐作为首选手术方式，其远期疗效优待进一步观察。     

Limited surgical resection for graft salvage following recovery from complicated exfoliative rejection in pediatric intestinal recipients

Complications of ER contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality following intestinal transplantation. The surgical management of three pediatric patients who experienced complications of late ER after composite LSB transplantation is described, highlighting the potential for allograft salvage after limited surgical resection. A retrospective case series was compiled. Data collected included time to ER from transplant, medical management of ER, complications, and surgical management of ER complications. All patients had undergone composite LSB transplantation between one and two yr of age. Time to ER after transplantation was 9.5–26.5 months. ER complications included ileal allograft stricture, intramural hematoma with perforation of jejunal allograft, and massive GI hemorrhage secondary to focal ulceration and pseudopolyp formation. With evidence of mucosal regeneration, all three patients underwent limited segmental allograft resection. Two patients continue to maintain satisfactory allograft function 39–44 months following operation. The third patient retained adequate allograft function until he developed PTLD, subsequently dying from disseminated Adenovirus infection 51 months after resection. Severe disruption of intestinal allograft integrity in ER can lend itself to medically refractory complications. Prompt recognition and surgical correction of complications can play a crucial role in allograft salvage and patient survival after ER.