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951.
Objective
To investigate the analgesic effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on intractable neuropathic pain in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI).Design
A single center, prospective, randomized, double-blinded, controlled study.Setting
SCI rehabilitation unit of university rehabilitation center.Participants
Seventeen patients with SCI and chronic neuropathic pain who met the inclusion criteria recruited between April 2010 and January 2012.Interventions
Ten daily treatment sessions of real or sham rTMS (30 trains of 10-Hz stimuli for a duration of 5 seconds; a total of 1500 pulses at intensity equal to 110% of the resting motor threshold) was applied over vertex using a figure-of-8-shaped coil.Outcome measures
Pain was assessed with visual analog scale (VAS) at baseline and 10 days, 6 weeks and 6 months after the treatment. Patients’ satisfactions obtained using a 5-point Likert scale at 6 months.Results
Both real and sham rTMS provided a significant reduction in the VAS scores (real rTMS group, P = 0.004; sham rTMS group, P = 0.020). Post hoc analysis revealed the significant difference was at 10 days and 6 weeks compared to baseline in the real rTMS group and only at 10 days compared to baseline in the sham rTMS group. Comparison of VAS scores and patient satisfaction did not show any significant difference at each assessment point (P > 0.05).Conclusion
Our results demonstrated analgesic effect of rTMS on intractable neuropathic pain in SCI was not superior to placebo. However, middle-term (over 6 weeks) pain relief by rTMS is encouraging and suggests the need for future studies with a larger sample size. 相似文献952.
Kei Masani Milad Alizadeh-Meghrazi Dimitry G. Sayenko Jose Zariffa Cameron Moore Lora Giangregorio Milos R. Popovic B. Catharine Craven 《The journal of spinal cord medicine》2014,37(5):575-581
Objective
To investigate the effects of intermittent passive standing (PS) and whole body vibration (WBV) on the electromyography (EMG) activity, cross-sectional area, and density of lower extremity muscles in individuals with chronic motor complete spinal cord injury (SCI).Design
Case series.Methods
Seven adult men with chronic (≥2 years), thoracic motor complete (AIS A–B) SCI completed a 40-week course of thrice-weekly intermittent PS-WBV therapy, in a flexed knee posture (160°), for 45 minutes per session at a frequency of 45 Hz and 0.6–0.7 mm displacement using the WAVE® Pro Plate, with an integrated EasyStand™ standing frame. EMG was measured in major lower extremity muscles to represent muscle activity during PS-WBV. The cross-sectional area and density of the calf muscles were measured using peripheral quantitative computed tomography at the widest calf cross-section (66% of the tibia length) at pre- and post-intervention. All measured variables were compared between the pre- and post-intervention measurements to assess change after the PS-WBV intervention.Results
PS-WBV acutely induced EMG activity in lower extremity muscles of SCI subjects. No significant changes in lower extremity EMG activity, muscle cross-sectional area, or density were observed following the 40-week intervention.Conclusions
Although acute exposure to PS-WBV can induce electrophysiological activity of lower extremity muscles during PS in men with motor complete SCI, the PS-WBV intervention for 40 weeks was not sufficient to result in enhanced muscle activity, or to increase calf muscle cross-sectional area or density. 相似文献953.
Context
Preliminary research suggests that functional electrical stimulation cycling (FESC) might be a promising intervention for youth with spinal cord injury (SCI).Objective
To review the evidence on FESC intervention in youth with SCI.Methods
Systematic literature searches were conducted during December 2012. Two reviewers independently selected titles, abstracts, and full-text articles. Of 40 titles retrieved, six intervention studies met inclusion criteria and were assessed using American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine Levels of Evidence and Conduct Questions for Group Design.Results
The study results were tabulated based on levels of evidence, with outcomes categorized according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health framework. Evidence from the six included studies suggests that FESC is safe for youth with SCI, with no increase in knee/hip injury or hip displacement. Results from one level II randomized controlled trial suggest that a thrice weekly, 6-month FESC program can positively influence VO2 levels when compared with passive cycling, as well as quadriceps strength when compared with electrical stimulation and passive cycling.Conclusions
FESC demonstrates limited yet encouraging results as a safe modality to mitigate effects of inactivity in youth with SCI. More rigorous research involving a greater number of participants is needed before clinicians can be confident of its effectiveness. 相似文献954.
Introduction
Pain remains a problem for many with spinal cord injury (SCI), and there is a need for sound, randomized clinical trials examining the efficacy of existing and novel therapeutics. SCI-related pain is complex, as more than one type of pain is often experienced. The purpose of this report is to (i) demonstrate how to design and power calculation of a clinical trial of SCI pain using multiple pain sites per individual; (ii) discuss consequences of failing to adjust for this; and (iii) provide intraclass correlation (ICC) estimates for common pain outcome measures that may be used to power future clinical trials in SCI pain.Method
Using an existing dataset from a past SCI pain clinical trial, the ICC was calculated for common pain outcome measures to illustrate appropriate corrections for powering, analyzing and interpreting results from multiple pain sites per individual. The problem associated with not accounting for multiple pain sites per individual and the effect on the Type I error rate is also shown.Results and Discussion
Not accounting for the ICC can lead to (1) incorrect power estimates in the design of a trial, and (2) an inflated Type I error rate with a higher likelihood of misinterpretation of outcomes.Conclusions
Powering for future SCI pain trials and statistical analysis of trial outcomes may be substantially compromised if methods do not account for the intra-individual associations between pain sites, ultimately affecting study interpretations and evidence-based practice. We present ICC estimates based on SCI pain data for purposes of estimating power for future trials. 相似文献955.
Shauna Dudley-Javoroski Ryan Amelon Yinxiao Liu Punam K. Saha Richard K. Shields 《The journal of spinal cord medicine》2014,37(3):349-354
Context
Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes a decline of bone mineral density (BMD) in the paralyzed extremities via the gradual degradation and resorption of trabecular elements. Clinical tools that report BMD may not offer insight into trabecular architecture flaws that could affect bone''s ability to withstand loading. We present a case of a woman with a 30-year history of SCI and abnormally high distal femur BMD.Findings
Peripheral quantitative-computed tomography-based BMD for this subject was ∼20% higher than previously published non-SCI values. Computed tomography (CT) revealed evidence of sclerotic bone deposition in the trabecular envelope, most likely due to glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis. Volumetric topologic analysis of trabecular architecture indicated that the majority of the bone mineral was organized into thick, plate-like structures rather than a multi-branched trabecular network. Visual analysis of the CT stack confirmed that the sclerotic bone regions were continuous with the cortex at only a handful of points.Conclusions
Conventional clinical BMD analysis could have led to erroneous assumptions about this subject''s bone quality. CT-based analysis revealed that this subject''s high BMD masked underlying architectural flaws. For patients who received prolonged glucocorticoid therapy, excessively high BMD should be viewed with caution. The ability of this subject''s bone to resist fracture is, in our view, extremely suspect. A better understanding of the mechanical competency of this very dense, but architecturally flawed bone would be desirable before this subject engaged in activities that load the limbs. 相似文献956.
Background
There is limited knowledge about bladder dysfunction and bladder management in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) after discharge from the hospital in Norway. The impact of bladder dysfunction on satisfaction of life has been rarely explored.Setting
Community-based survey from Norway.Methods
An anonymous cross-sectional postal survey. A questionnaire was sent to the registered members of the Norwegian Spinal Cord Injuries Association. A total of 400 participants, with traumatic or non-traumatic SCI, received the questionnaire.Results
A total of 248 subjects (62%), 180 men and 68 women, answered the questionnaire. Mean age was 54 years and mean time since injury 13.4 years. A total of 164 participants (66.1%) used intermittent catheterization for bladder emptying (48.5% women versus 72.8% men); more paraplegics than tetraplegics (77.2% versus 55.7%). Recommendations given at the Spinal Cord Units were thoroughly followed by persons who had used catheters more than 5 years. Use of incontinence pads were associated with reduced satisfaction of life.Conclusions
The most common method of management of bladder dysfunction is clean intermittent catheterization in Norway. Recommendations were followed more thoroughly by persons who have used intermittent catheterization for more than 5 years. Spinal Cord Units are important source for information and guidance. 相似文献957.
Angelo V. Vasiliadis Andreas Zafeiridis Konstantina Dipla Nikiforos Galanis Dimitrios Chatzidimitriou Antonios Kyparos Michalis G. Nikolaidis Ioannis S. Vrabas 《The journal of spinal cord medicine》2014,37(2):226-232
Objective
Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) show structural and functional vascular maladaptations and muscle loss in their lower limbs. Angiogenic biomolecules play important roles in physiological and pathological angiogenesis, and are implicated in the maintenance of muscle mass. This study examined the responses of angiogenic molecules during upper-limb aerobic exercise in patients with SCI and in able-bodied (AB) individuals.Methods
Eight SCI patients with thoracic lesions (T6–T12, ASIA A) and eight AB individuals performed an arm-cranking exercise for 30 minutes at 60% of their VO2max. Plasma concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A165), VEGF receptor 1 (sVEGFr-1), VEGF receptor 2 (sVEGFr-2), metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), and endostatin were measured at rest, after exercise, and at 1.5 and 3.0 hours during recovery.Results
The two-way analysis of variance showed non-significant main effects of “group” and significant main effects of “time/exercise” for all angiogenic biomolecules examined (P < 0.01–0.001). The arm-cranking exercise significantly increased plasma concentrations of VEGF, sVEGFr-1, sVEGFr-2, MMP-2, and endostatin in both groups (P < 0.001–0.01). The magnitude of the increase was similar in both patients with SCI and AB individuals, as shown by the non-significant group × time interaction for all angiogenic parameters.Conclusions
Upper-limb exercise (arm-cranking for 30 minutes at 60% of VO2max) is a sufficient stimulus to trigger a coordinated circulating angiogenic response in patients with SCI. The response of angiogenic molecules to upper-limb aerobic exercise in SCI appears relatively similar to that observed in AB individuals. 相似文献958.
959.
《Egyptian Journal of Anaesthesia》2014,30(3):241-246
ObjectivesRegional anaesthesia is considered the optimal technique for obstetric patients; nevertheless, the optimal method of regional anaesthesia for delivery remains to be determined. In our study we investigate the safety, efficacy and cost benefits of single-dose spinal analgesia in comparison with epidural analgesia during labour.Study designIn our study women in advanced labour were randomly allocated into two equal groups using a computer-generated randomization table, one group (spinal group = S group) were given 3.75 mg hyperbaric bupivacaine +25 μg fentanyl with 0.75 ml saline, the other group (Epidural group = E group) were given 4 ml bupivacaine with 4 ml saline and 1 ml (50 μg) fentanyl pain intensity was recorded by the parturient on a visual analogue scale. The quality of pain relief was also rated with a verbal score directly after delivery. Side effects, such as hypotension, Pruritus, sedation, nausea and motor block were noted. Obstetric parameters were followed and recorded, Apgar score were noted, and all the results were compared in the two groups.ResultsOnset of sensory block (detected by pin-prick test) was early (4.4 ± 1.5 min vs 12.5 ± 2.3 min, p < 0.001) and duration of sensory block was longer (120.4 ± 15.6 vs 103.2 ± 18.3 min, p < 0.001) in S group compared to E group, time to reach maximum dermatome level of sensory block (T10) was shorter in S than E group (8.3 ± 2.4 min vs 22.4 ± 5.7 min, p < 0.001), two segment regression occur late in S group compared to E group(75.6 ± 12.5 min vs 66.3 ± 9.4 min, p < 0.001). Visual analogue scores after 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 min were lower in S group compared to E group, all the previous result is statically significant (p < 0.001). 88% of the parturients in S group vs 60% in E group scored the analgesic quality as excellent, the mean duration of analgesia (Mean ± SD) was longer in S group compared to E group. 8% of parturients in S group vs 14% of parturients in E group had hypotension. Motor block, sedation and nausea were 2–6% in both groups. Pruritus was seen in 60% in E group vs 25% in spinal one. No caesarean section was performed. Vacuum extraction was done in 15% vs 25% among S group and E group respectively. Oxytocin augmentation was needed in 48% vs 62% of the parturients among S group and E group respectively. Faetal heart rate disturbances following the spinal block were seen in 2 cases. Apgar score were high and no neonate had Apgar score <7 in both group. The overall cost was lower in S group compared to E group.ConclusionsBased on the results of our study we concluded that single dose spinal analgesia is a good alternative to epidural analgesia in controlling labour pain i.e. spinal compared to epidural is more easy performed, faster, less expensive, and provide effective analgesia. 相似文献
960.
单侧穿刺椎体后凸成形术治疗高龄骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
目的:探讨单侧椎体后凸成形术( percutaneous kyphoplasty ,PKP)治疗高龄骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折( osteo-porotic vertebral compression fracture , OVCF )的疗效。方法2011年1月~2013年6月采用PKP治疗高龄胸腰椎OVCF 58例共65个椎体,男18例(18个椎体),女40例(47个椎体),平均年龄78.1岁(75~87岁)。致伤原因均为低能量型损伤;患者腰背部持续疼痛,无脊髓、神经损伤表现;影像学表现为伤椎椎体后壁完整,非爆裂性骨折。伤椎部位T6~L4,其中58个椎体为T10~L2。术前和术后2 d对患者视觉模拟量表( visual analog scale , VAS)评分、Oswe-stry功能障碍指数( Oswestry disability index , ODI)以及伤椎相对高度进行统计学分析,随访伤椎高度丢失情况,记录骨水泥渗漏及随访期间伤椎再骨折和相邻椎体骨折情况。结果术后随访6~36个月,平均17.8月。术前和术后2 d VAS评分分别为8.21±0.72和2.94±0.83,ODI分别为(81.02±7.24)%和(27.35±6.11)%,伤椎前缘相对高度分别为(70.75±5.31)%和(82.14±4.90)%,伤椎中部相对高度分别为(71.72±4.54)%和(84.46±4.51)%;手术前后各项指标对比差异具有统计学意义( P<0.05)。末次随访伤椎前缘相对高度为(80.83±5.14)%,伤椎中部相对高度为(82.65±6.20)%,与术后2 d各项指标对比差异无统计学意义( P>0.05)。术中骨水泥渗漏5例共5个椎体,随访期间发生伤椎再骨折3例3个椎体、相邻椎体骨折4例4个椎体。结论单侧穿刺椎体后凸成形术治疗高龄OVCF可取得满意临床效果,有效缓解疼痛,改善功能。 相似文献