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61.
Background and Objectives Appropriate screening for irregular red‐cell antibodies is essential for ensuring transfusion compatibility and for antenatal management of mothers at risk of haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn. Screening for all relevant antibodies is, however, limited by screening cells that do not express antigens present in the patient and donor population. Technology to artificially incorporate antigens into red cells is currently available and may be an option for customizing screening cells. Materials and Methods We sought to identify retrospectively the changing patterns of alloantibody prevalence in our multiethnic population on change of screening cells. Antibody screening records of 143 501 patients tested from 2004 to 2010 were retrieved and divided into two groups: period‐1 (2004–2008) and period‐2 (2009–2010). During period‐1, standard screening cells were used while in period‐2, MUT+Mur+ KODE? transformed red cells (kodecytes) were used. Results Four per cent of samples tested during period‐2 were positive on antibody screening compared to 3·2% in period‐1. Specific antibodies, excluding anti‐D, were identified in 1·66% and 1·52% of patients in period‐2 and ‐1, respectively. When confined to antibodies of clinical significance only, period‐2 showed higher alloantibody prevalence of 1·16% as compared to 0·66% in period‐1. Antibodies to glycophorin variants of MNS (vMNS) were more commonly detected while antibodies to Lewis antigens declined during period‐2. Conclusion Antibodies to vMNS antigens are common in South and East Asian populations and are often missed when using standard screening cells. Use of specifically engineered screening cells to express red‐cell antigens artificially is beneficial in detecting the diverse alloantibodies present in our population. 相似文献
62.
Tamás Treuer MD PhD Chia‐Yih Liu MD Gerardo Salazar MD Ronnachai Kongsakon MD MSc Fujun Jia PhD Hussain Habil MD Min‐Soo Lee MD PhD Amanda Lowry BSc Hons Héctor Dueñas MD 《Asia-Pacific psychiatry》2013,5(4):219-230
Major depressive disorder is prevalent worldwide, and only about half of those affected will experience no further episodes or symptoms. Additionally, depressive symptoms can be challenging to identify, with many patients going undiagnosed despite a wide variety of available treatment options. Antidepressants are the cornerstone of depression treatment; however, a large number of factors must be considered in selecting the treatment best suited to the individual. To help support physicians in this process, international and national treatment guidelines have been developed. This review evaluates the current use of antidepressant treatment for major depressive disorder in six Asian countries (China, Korea, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, and Thailand). No remarkable differences were noted between Asian and international treatment guidelines or among those from within Asia as these are adapted from western guidelines, although there were some local variations. Importantly, a shortage of evidence‐based information at a country level is the primary problem in developing guidelines appropriate for Asia, so most of the guidelines are consensus opinions derived from western research data utilized in western guidelines. Treatment guidelines need to evolve from being consensus based to evidence based when evidence is available, taking into consideration cost/effectiveness or cost/benefit with an evidence‐based approach that more accurately reflects clinical experience as well as the attributes of each antidepressant. In everyday practice, physicians must tailor their treatment to the patient's clinical needs while considering associated external factors; better tools are needed to help them reach the best possible prescribing decisions which are of maximum benefit to patients. 相似文献
63.
Miwa H Ghoshal UC Fock KM Gonlachanvit S Gwee KA Ang TL Chang FY Hongo M Hou X Kachintorn U Ke M Lai KH Lee KJ Lu CL Mahadeva S Miura S Park H Rhee PL Sugano K Vilaichone RK Wong BC Bak YT 《Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology》2012,27(4):626-641
Background and Aim: Environmental factors such as food, lifestyle and prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection are widely different in Asian countries compared with the West, and physiological functions and genetic factors of Asians may also be different from those of Westerners. Establishing an Asian consensus for functional dyspepsia is crucial in order to attract attention to such data from Asian countries, to articulate the experience and views of Asian experts, and to provide a relevant guide on management of functional dyspepsia for primary care physicians working in Asia. Methods: Consensus team members were selected from Asian experts and consensus development was carried out by using a modified Delphi method. Consensus teams collected published papers on functional dyspepsia especially from Asia and developed candidate consensus statements based on the generated clinical questions. At the first face‐to‐face meeting, each statement was reviewed and e‐mail voting was done twice. At the second face‐to‐face meeting, final voting on each statement was done using a keypad voting system. A grade of evidence and strength of recommendation were applied to each statement according to the method of the GRADE Working Group. Results: Twenty‐nine consensus statements were finalized, including seven for definition and diagnosis, five for epidemiology, nine for pathophysiology, and eight for management. Algorithms for diagnosis and management of functional dyspepsia were added. Conclusions: This consensus developed by Asian experts shows distinctive features of functional dyspepsia in Asia and will provide a guide to the diagnosis and management of functional dyspepsia for Asian primary care physicians. 相似文献
64.
Prideaux L Kamm MA De Cruz PP Chan FK Ng SC 《Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology》2012,27(8):1266-1280
The incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are lower in Asia than in the West. However, across Asia the incidence and prevalence of IBD has increased rapidly over the last two to four decades. These changes may relate to increased contact with the West, westernization of diet, increasing antibiotics use, improved hygiene, vaccinations, or changes in the gut microbiota. Genetic factors also differ between Asians and the Caucasians. In Asia, UC is more prevalent than CD, although CD incidence is rapidly increasing in certain areas. There is a male predominance of CD in Asia, but a trend towards equal sex distribution for UC. IBD is diagnosed at a slightly older age than in the West, and there is rarely a second incidence peak as in the West. A positive family history is much less common than in the West, as are extra-intestinal disease manifestations. There are clear ethnic differences in incidence within countries in Asia, and an increased incidence in IBD in migrants from Asia to the West. Research in Asia, an area of rapidly changing IBD epidemiology, may lead to the discovery of critical etiologic factors that lead to the development of IBD. 相似文献
65.
Wasti SP van Teijlingen E Simkhada P Randall J Baxter S Kirkpatrick P Gc VS 《Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH》2012,17(1):71-81
Objective To systematically review the literature of factors affecting adherence to Antiretroviral treatment (ART) in Asian developing countries. Methods Database searches in Medline/Ovid, Cochrane library, CINAHL, Scopus and PsychINFO for studies published between 1996 and December 2010. The reference lists of included papers were also checked, with citation searching on key papers. Results A total of 437 studies were identified, and 18 articles met the inclusion criteria and were extracted and critically appraised, representing in 12 quantitative, four qualitative and two mixed‐method studies. Twenty‐two individual themes, including financial difficulties, side effects, access, stigma and discrimination, simply forgetting and being too busy, impeded adherence to ART, and 11 themes, including family support, self‐efficacy and desire to live longer, facilitated adherence. Conclusion Adherence to ART varies between individuals and over time. We need to redress impeding factors while promoting factors that reinforce adherence through financial support, better accessible points for medicine refills, consulting doctors for help with side effects, social support and trusting relationships with care providers. 相似文献
66.
Pornpatr A. Dharmasaroja Sombat Muengtaweepongsa Permphan Dharmasaroja 《Clinical neurology and neurosurgery》2013
Background: Routine neuroimaging of the brain is performed after recombinant-tissue-plasminogen activator (rtPA) treatment in patients with acute ischemic stroke. However, in situation where resources are limited, it is not known if a follow-up computed tomography (CT) is beneficial for guiding the treatment plan or not. The purpose of this study is to investigate the need for a follow-up CT in patients with acute stroke after rtPA treatment. Methods: Patients who were treated with intravenous rtPA were included. Clinical symptoms/signs of the patients were evaluated at 24 h after rtPA treatment compared with baseline NIHSS. The need for a follow-up CT after rtPA treatment was assessed by comparison of the early clinical changes with the CT brain results that would affect the management plan: presence of hemorrhagic transformation, malignant MCA infarction, or large cerebellar infarction. Results: 200 patients were included. 19 patients (9.5%) had complete recovery. CT post rtPA revealed no change in these patients. In 105 patients who had early improvement with NIHSS of 1–10 at 24 h, follow-up CT findings did not change the plan of management in 85%. Follow-up CTs may help in planning further management in 65% and 67% of the patients who had NIHSS > 10 at 24 h and early worsening, respectively. Conclusions: CT post rtPA may not be required in patients with early clinical recovery (NIHSS = 0). However, in patients with residual severe deficit post rtPA or patients with early worsening or suspected posterior circulation stroke, CT post rtPA is still needed. 相似文献
67.
Yu‐Tao Xiang Faith Dickerson Julie Kreyenbuhl Gabor S. Ungvari Chuan‐Yue Wang Tian‐Mei Si Edwin H. M. Lee Helen F. K. Chiu Kelly Y. C. Lai Yan‐Ling He Shu‐Yu Yang Mian‐Yoon Chong Chay‐Hoon Tan Ee‐Heok Kua Senta Fujii Kang Sim Michael K. H. Yong Jitendra K. Trivedi Eun‐Kee Chung Pichet Udomratn Kok‐Yoon Chee Norman Sartorius Naotaka Shinfuku 《International journal of geriatric psychiatry》2013,28(3):305-311
68.
Anja Dessauvagie Hoang-Minh Dang Tuyet Truong Thu Nguyen Bich Hong Nguyen Huong Cao Socheata Kim Gunter Groen 《International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, The》2022,24(3):439-456
Mental health literacy (MHL) refers to knowledge and attitudes that shape the recognition, management, and prevention of mental disorders. While the topic has been exhaustively researched in Western countries, research from Southeast Asia still is limited. Previous studies in this field showed a moderate recognition of mental disorders, a high prevalence of stigmatizing attitudes and a low willingness to seek professional help among Southeastern-Asian populations. This study explored the level of MHL among university students from different parts of Vietnam and Cambodia. Correlations with influencing factors (gender, age, study year, educational attainment of the parents, urban/rural origin, ethnicity, personal experiences with mental disorders) were also explored. An online survey, using a 30-item Vietnamese version of the Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS), was conducted at six university sites in Vietnam and Cambodia. Data of 1032 students from different study branches were included. The MHL of Vietnamese and Cambodian university students was lower, compared to samples from Australia or the UK. Females and students with a personal experience of mental disorders (self or family) showed a significantly higher MHL. No differences in MHL were found between students from different socioeconomic backgrounds (professional attainment of parents, urban/rural origin). Findings on the influence of ethnicity were inconclusive. MHL needs to be improved among the university students of Vietnam and Cambodia. Mental health promotion should specifically target male students, students from STEM branches, and international students. 相似文献
69.
Miklós Krassovics Gabriella Virágh 《The European journal of contraception & reproductive health care》2016,21(4):310-317
Objectives:?The aim of the survey was to gain understanding of women’s usage patterns and attitudes towards emergency contraception (i.e., the ‘morning after pill’) and to gain insight into the role and attitudes of pharmacists as providers of emergency contraception.Methods:?As part of the International Emergency Contraception Research Initiative, approximately 6500 women (15–49 years) and nearly 500 pharmacists from 14 countries in Western, Central and Eastern Europe, and Central Asia completed questionnaires via web-based interrogation or computer-assisted/paper-assisted personal interviews.Results:?Common to almost all countries and cultures was that, while awareness of emergency contraception was high (≥84% of respondents, except in Kazakhstan), usage was generally low (4–18%). In Austria, the Czech Republic, Spain, and the UK, better underlying protection with hormonal contraceptives or male condoms would have meant less need for emergency contraception. In Bulgaria, Lithuania, Romania, and Russia, greater dependence on less reliable contraceptive methods such as calendar?+?withdrawal was associated with higher use of the emergency contraceptive pill (11–18%) but also with higher abortion rates (19–21%). Overt rejection of emergency contraception in the event of an accident was low, except in countries (e.g., Austria, Poland) where the misperception that it acts as an abortifacient was common. Except for Bulgaria, pharmacists elsewhere tended to have limited knowledge and moralistic attitudes towards emergency contraception.Conclusions:?Improved educational efforts, probably country-specific, are required to increase the use of highly effective methods of regular contraception and overcome barriers to acceptance of emergency contraception as a suitable postcoital solution to avoid unwanted pregnancy or abortion. 相似文献
70.
Manoj Chawla Tae Ho Kim Roberto C. Mirasol Pathan Faruque Kathryn Cooke Peggy Hours-Zesiger 《Current medical research and opinion》2018,34(9):1605-1611
Aims: To assess the effectiveness and safety of vildagliptin/metformin initial combination therapy in drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods: INITIAL was a 24-week prospective, observational study in T2DM patients with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)?≥?7.5%, and prescribed vildagliptin/metformin as initial combination therapy. The primary endpoint was change in HbA1c from baseline to week 24. Key secondary endpoints were HbA1c change from baseline to week 12, proportion of patients achieving HbA1c ≤7.0%, change in body weight at 12 and 24 weeks, change in HbA1c by sub-groups (baseline HbA1c, age, body mass index [BMI], dosage strength, co-morbidities) from baseline to week 24, and safety.Results: A total of 532 patients were enrolled. The mean age, HbA1c, and BMI were 49.6?±?11.27 years, 9.3?±?1.57%, and 26.7?±?4.50?kg/m2, respectively. Cardiovascular risk factors present at baseline were dyslipidemia (30.1%), hypertension (29.7%), and obesity (20.9%). The mean reductions in HbA1c from baseline to week 12 (?1.6?±?1.59%) and 24 (?1.9?±?1.70%) were statistically significant (p?.001). At 24 weeks, 39.6% of patients achieved HbA1c?≤?7.0%, and the mean body weight reduction was ?1.1?±?2.62?kg. HbA1c reductions were consistently seen from baseline to weeks 12 and 24 in the various sub-groups. Overall, 48 (9.0%) patients reported adverse events, including one hypoglycemic episode. There were no serious adverse events or deaths.Conclusions: Overall, in a relatively young drug-naïve T2DM Asian study population with high baseline HbA1c and often associated with cardiovascular risk factors, vildagliptin/metformin combination therapy was associated with significant and clinically relevant HbA1c reduction from baseline. This effect was seen at week 12, was maintained over 24 weeks, and was accompanied by good tolerability. 相似文献