主动脉内球囊反搏术在重症冠心病冠状动脉旁路移植围手术期中的应用

目的：探讨主动脉内球囊反搏术（IABP）在重症冠心病外科治疗围手术期应用的临床效果。方法：回顾自2005年7月-2014年1月,作者所在科室共手术治疗的重症冠心病65例,其中应用IABP34例,分为术前预防性应用IABP21例,术中或术后补救性应用IABP13例。结果：术前预防性应用IABP组围手术期死亡率为9％低于术中或术后补救性应用IABP组（31％）,但差异未到达统计学显著水平（P=0．11）。两组IABP应用时间、体外循环时间、呼吸机辅助时间和ICU居留时间分别为：[（32±18）h vs．（55±22）h,P〈0．05];[（122±37）min vs.（167±74）min,P〈0．05];[（36±18）h vs.（60±22）h,P〈0．05]和[（52±13）h vs.（57±21）h,P〉0．05]。结论：术前预防性应用IABP辅助可降低重症冠心病患者围手术期死亡率到9％,明显减少IABP应用时间、体外循环时间、术后呼吸机辅助时间。在外科治疗重症冠心病时,IABP使用适应证应当适当放宽。     

冠状动脉旁路移植术后低心排的危险因素

目的探讨冠状动脉旁路移植（CABG）术后低心排的危险因素。方法：采用病例对照研究,以宜昌市第一人民医院重症医学科2008年1月-2012年9月CABG术后临床资料完整的全部病例（92例）患者为研究对象,低心排[诊断标准：多巴胺用量〉10μg／（kg·min）]者为病例组（n=13）,以无低心排患者对照组（n=79）。对两组患者潜在的危险因素进行对比分析,并采用非条件logistic多元回归分析判断影响CABG术后低心排的独立危险因素。结果：单因素分析结果显示：年龄、性别、术前近期心肌梗死（MI）、心律失常、术后呼吸衰竭、术前贫血为CABG术后低心排的危险因素。logistic多因素回归分析显示,CABG术后低心排的独立的危险因素是：术前近期MI OR18．149,95．O％CI[1．949-169．011];心律失常OR 30．509,95．0％CI[2．607-357．028];女性OR 10．743,95．0％CI[1．347-85．659]（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）。结论：术前近期MI;心律失常是CABG术后低心排的独立的危险因素。     

骨关节型布鲁杆菌病病灶清除植骨术58例报告

目的评价布鲁杆菌病骨关节型因保守治疗无效而行外科手术清除病灶联合植骨手术的疗效。方法 2016年-2019年本院对58例布什菌病骨关节型经中西医治疗疗效差的病人进行了病灶清除加骨移植术,术后继续抗布什菌治疗6月。结果 58例布什菌病骨关节疼痛全部缓解,3月关节功能恢复,2例出现切口布什菌感染。结论布鲁杆菌骨关节型在有骨质破坏时行病灶清除自体骨拌利福平粉剂移植手术是治疗布鲁杆菌病骨关节型可选的方法之一。     

Skin Autofluorescence Predicts Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients on Chronic Hemodialysis

Tissue accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) is thought to contribute to the progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Skin autofluorescence, a non‐invasive measure of AGE accumulation using autofluorescence of the skin under ultraviolet light, has been reported to be an independent predictor of mortality associated with CVD in Caucasian patients on chronic hemodialysis. The aim of this study was to assess the predictive value of skin autofluorescence on all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality in non‐Caucasian (Japanese) patients on chronic hemodialysis. Baseline skin autofluorescence was measured with an autofluorescence reader in 128 non‐Caucasian (Japanese) patients on chronic hemodialysis. All‐cause and cardiovascular mortality was monitored prospectively during a period of 6 years. During the follow‐up period, 42 of the 128 patients died; 19 of those patients died of CVD. Skin autofluorescence did not have a significant effect on all‐cause mortality. However, age, carotid artery intima‐media thickness (IMT), serum albumin, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP), skin autofluorescence and pre‐existing CVD were significantly correlated with cardiovascular mortality. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed skin autofluorescence (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 3.97; 95% confidence interval [CI]1.67–9.43), serum albumin (adjusted HR 0.05; 95% CI 0.01–0.32), and hsCRP (adjusted HR 1.55; 95% CI 1.18–2.05) to be independent predictors of cardiovascular mortality. The present study suggests that skin autofluorescence is an independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality in non‐Caucasian (Japanese) patients on chronic hemodialysis.     

Efficacy of Granulocyte and Monocyte Adsorption Apheresis for Treatment of Palmoplantar Pustulosis

Palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) is characterized by neutrophilic pustules with erythema, which are limited to the hands and feet. Although granulocyte and monocyte adsorption apheresis (GMA) has shown remarkable effects on generalized pustular psoriasis, there are few reports of PPP treated with GMA. We treated three refractory PPP patients using GMA weekly for 5 weeks. The skin eruptions were assessed by a 5‐grade score for scales, pustules, and erythema. GMA decreased the total grade from 9 to 2 in patients 1 and 2, and from 7 to 3 in patient 3. The GMA effects were estimated to be excellent in all three patients. Pustule formation and pain disappeared in all cases. The treatment effect lasted for at least 5 months after GMA. GMA was also effective for relieving the arthralgia in one patient, but it recurred at 6 weeks. Based on these findings, GMA could be an effective therapy for refractory PPP.     

单侧下颌骨缺损重建术后下颌骨形态及髁突位置的三维定量分析

目的：分析单侧下颌骨缺损重建术后下颌骨形态及髁突位置变化,为下一步建立下颌骨定量分析方法提供参考。方法：下颌骨缺损腓骨重建患者术前及术后均行锥形束CT检查,上颌骨定点匹配重叠后定量分析术前与术后下颌骨形态、髁突位置的变化。结果：单侧下颌骨缺损重建术后健侧下颌骨形态及髁突位置变化无统计学意义（P > 0.05）;对于骨缺损不累及髁突的患者,重建术后患侧下颌骨形态及髁突位置变化无统计学意义（P > 0.05）;对于骨缺损累及髁突的患者,重建术后患侧下颌骨的形态变化无统计学意义（P > 0.05）,而髁突位置表现为向外向下移位,差异具有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。结论：单侧下颌骨缺损腓骨重建术可以健侧下颌骨作为匹配区域分析患侧下颌骨形态及位置变化。本研究结果可为建立下颌骨定量分析方法提供参考和依据。     

内固定联合不同植骨方式治疗老年胸腰段椎体压缩性骨折

骨质疏松性椎体骨折是老年性骨折最为常见的一类骨折,暴力、外伤等是引起胸腰椎骨折的主要因素[1]。经皮椎体成形术(PVP)与经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)是目前临床用于老年胸腰段椎体压缩性骨折的主要手术方式,年龄、骨质疏松程度都是影响PVP及PKP手术治疗效果的主要因素[2]。对于老年胸腰椎压缩性骨折来说,尽可能恢复其稳定的脊柱解剖结构,并提供一定的伤椎骨性愈合是治疗的主要目的[3]。     

Measurement of thrombin generation intra-operatively and its association with bleeding tendency after cardiac surgery

Introduction

Patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) are susceptible to haemostatic disturbances. Monitoring the haemostatic capacity by conventional clotting tests is challenging.

Materials and Methods

Thrombin generation (TG) by Calibrated Automated Thrombography, clotting tests and tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) measurements were performed to describe the relationship between haemostatic changes and alterations in these tests. Blood samples were collected before, during and after CPB. Furthermore, it was investigated whether TG measured intraoperatively, is associated with increased risk of bleeding postoperatively.

Results

TG diminished significantly (p < 0.01) after heparinization in the presence and absence of platelets (37% and 50%) compared to baseline. After the start of CPB, TG elevated and persisted till the end of surgery but remained lower than preoperatively. Activated clotting time increased after heparinization and after the start of bypass compared to baseline (400% and 500%). Anti-FXa activity reduced on the start of CPB compared to the level after heparinization, to almost the baseline value following protamine reversal of heparin. The plasma levels of total and free TFPI elevated 9 and 14 fold during bypass and remained after protamine administration higher than preoperatively. Plasma D-dimer levels reduced (p < 0.01) when bypass started. However, a marked elevation was observed in the following time points. TG in platelet-rich plasma measured after heparinization and after the start of CPB associated (p < 0.05) with postoperative blood loss.

Conclusions

TG can be determined during CPB despite the high heparinization level, it reflects the haemostatic capacity better than clotting-based assays and might better predict bleeding when performed intraoperatively.