PSA、FPSA检测和骨显像对前列腺癌骨转移的诊断价值

目的：探讨联合应用前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）、游离PSA（FPSA）检测和全身骨显像诊断前列腺癌骨转移的意义。方法：回顾性分析70例经临床确诊的前列腺癌患者，全部行血清PSA、FPSA测定，并作全身骨显像。结果：PSA〈4ng／ml在14例病人中，发生骨转移者7例，诊断阳性率为50％；PSA4ng／ml～20ng／ml共7例，发生骨转移者6例、诊断阳性率为87％；PSA〉20ng／ml组49例，发生骨转移45例，阳性率为92％。结论：PSA、FPSA检测结合全身骨显像，可尽早、全面地发现前列腺癌患者全身骨转移。     

双生子骨龄遗传度的性别差异分析

[目的 ]探讨双生子骨龄遗传度的性别差异。 [方法 ] 2 0 0 2～ 2 0 0 3年在青岛市进行双生子募集工作 ,经知情同意 ,调查 190对双生子。应用微卫星DNA基因扫描和分型技术 ,进行卵型鉴定 ,通过拍摄手腕骨X片 ,按照《中国人手腕骨发育标准CHN法》评价骨龄 ,采用经典的Holzinger公式估算遗传度。[结果 ]骨龄遗传度男性双生子为 0 813 ,女性双生子为 0 682 ;幼年期男性双生子 0 83 6,明显高于同期女性双生子 ( 0 3 2 2 ) ;童年期男、女性双生子分别为 0 65 8、0 760 ;青春期达到最高 ,男、女性双生子分别为 0 941、0 817。 [结论 ]遗传因素对男性骨发育的影响高于女性。遗传因素对男、女性骨发育的影响随年龄的增长而逐步体现 ,青春期达到最高 ,青春期神经内分泌变化在该过程发挥重要作用。     

罗格列酮及饮食干预对胰岛素抵抗大鼠骨骼肌GLUT4转位的影响

目的　探讨罗格列酮对胰岛素抵抗大鼠骨骼肌细胞葡萄糖转运蛋白 4(GLUT4)转位的影响。方法　利用高脂饲料喂养 ,使Sprague -Dawley(SD)大鼠产生胰岛素抵抗 ,用罗格列酮及饮食干预治疗 4周后 ,取骨骼肌组织 ,应用Western -bloting印迹法分析骨骼细胞膜GLUT4表达量。结果　在胰岛素刺激下 ,胰岛素抵抗大鼠骨骼肌细胞膜GLUT4表达较正常大鼠下降 5 2 72 %(P <0 0 0 1) ,罗格列酮及饮食干预组 ,细胞膜GLUT4表达较未干预胰岛素抵抗大鼠分别增加 49 5 3 %、5 0 3 4%(P <0 0 0 1)。结论　罗格列酮可促进胰岛素刺激的GLUT4转位 ,从而改善高脂喂养所引起的骨骼肌组织胰岛素抵抗     

A ventral approach to stereotaxy of the guinea pig brain

For skeletal muscles, a well-known match exists between the properties of motoneurones and those of their muscle fibres. Hence, the intramuscular distribution of different kinds of motoneuronal nerve endings (e.g. ‘slow’ versus ‘fast’) can be mapped by determining the distribution of the corresponding types of muscle fibre. As a background for further studies of motoneuronal plasticity, we needed precise measures of such distributions. Simple quantitative methods were developed for defining the position and extent of sub-populations of cells within a structure (e.g. the regional distribution of slow versus fast muscle fibres within a muscle cross-section): (a) The ‘mass vector method’ defined the relative position of the target cell cloud. A line was drawn between the calculated centre of mass for the target cells and that for the whole structure. The direction (a1) and length (a2) of this line gave a measure of the direction and degree of target cell eccentricity within the structure. (b) The ‘sector method’ delineated the region containing the target fibres. A circle around the centre of mass for the target fibres was subdivided into a number of equal sectors (standard setting: 20). The most remote point was found within each sector and a line joining these points defined the region of the target fibres. When applied to the ‘slow’ type I fibres of cross-sections from rat hindlimb muscles, the regional area estimates obtained by the sector method were highly correlated with, but 10% lower than those achieved by the well-established ‘convex hull’ method. Highly significant inter-muscular differences were observed for each one of the three new parameters described in this paper (a1, a2, b).     

骨性安氏Ⅲ类错上颌骨慢扩弓结合前方牵引的疗效评价

目的:评价骨性安氏III类错患者经上颌慢速扩弓结合前方牵引治疗的效果。方法:治疗组包括22例患者,开始治疗年龄平均为9.8岁,治疗时间0.7年,慢速螺旋扩大器扩弓每周旋转90°~270°,(90°相当于0.25 mm)前方牵引力值为600~800 g/侧,治疗结束时覆盖至少为2 mm。分别在治疗前、治疗结束时及治疗结束后1.4年拍摄头颅定位侧位X线片。对照组为年龄、性别及下颌平面角匹配的未经治疗的骨性安氏I类错骨面型正常儿童22例。结果:治疗组上颌骨前部较对照组每年前移量多1.6mm,上颌骨后部较前部明显下移,下颌骨后下旋转同时下切牙直立。1.4年后上颌骨前部相对后缩、后部上移,抵消部分治疗效果。下颌骨的生长方向趋于正常,下切牙略唇倾。结论:上颌扩弓和前方牵引治疗骨性安氏III类错有利于减轻错程度。     

广东省梅州市饮水型氟中毒病区病情现状调查分析

目的掌握梅州市辖区内饮水型氟中毒的病情及改水降氟后效果，为防治饮水型氟中毒提供科学依据。方法梅州市的6个地氟病区县（市），采用普查和抽样调查相结合，对调查县（市）氟病区村8～12岁儿童氟斑牙采用Dean氏法检查，饮水氟、儿童尿氟均采用氟离子选择电极法进行检测。结果调查的6个县38个乡镇115个病区村中，儿童氟斑牙总患病率为21．99％，儿童尿氟几何均值为1．45mg／L，饮水氟范围为0．10～2．10mg／L。结论梅州市饮水型氟中毒病区的病情，通过改水降氟已经得到有效控制，但还有9个病区村的儿童氟斑牙患病率未达到控制病区标准；个别病区村的改水设施存在着管理不善问题。     

手针与电针对急性运动大鼠骨骼肌线粒体的影响

目的:研究手针和电针对急性游泳运动大鼠骨骼肌线粒体的抗氧化酶活性、Ca2 含量、Ca2 -ATP酶活性的影响,探讨针刺提高运动能力的作用机制.方法:将SD雄性大鼠随机分为4组.手针组和电针组在急性游泳运动前运用手捻针和电针两种不同的方法进行刺激,运动后处死取材;对照组在安静状态下、游泳组在急性游泳运动后处死取材,测定有关指标.结果:急性游泳运动后游泳组大鼠骨骼肌线粒体的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性、Ca2 -ATP酶活性与对照组相比较有显著性下降(P<0.05),Ca2 含量明显上升(P<0.01).手针组可以明显提高急性游泳运动后大鼠骨骼肌线粒体超氧化物歧化酶活性(P<0.05);手针组与游泳组比较,GSH-Px活性、Ca2 -ATP酶活性有显著性升高(P<0.05).游泳组、电针组Ca2 含量均比对照组明显升高(P<0.01).结论:针刺可保护细胞免受急性运动所致的损伤,维持线粒体的某些功能,从而延缓疲劳,延长肌肉工作时间,预防骨骼肌损伤.而电针的作用似乎不明显.     

Stem cell therapy with skeletal myoblasts accelerates neointima formation in a mouse model of vein graft disease

Although still a matter of controversial discussion, skeletal myoblasts are one of the options for stem cell transplantation improving cardiac function after myocardial infarction, exhibiting several advantages including the availability, the ability of self-renewal and differentiation, and the lack of ethical and immunological problems. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of stem cell therapy with skeletal myoblasts on experimental venous bypass grafts in a mouse model of vein graft disease.Forty C57BL/6J mice underwent bypass grafting interposing a venous bypass graft of the donor mouse into the carotid artery of the recipient mouse.Twenty mice received periadventitially treatment with 1 million fluorescence labeled skeletal myoblasts suspended in culture medium (treatment group), the other twenty mice received only culture medium without myoblasts (control group).Two weeks after bypass surgery, the vein grafts of all 40 mice were harvested, stained and histologically investigated under light and immunofluorescence microscope.Against our expectations, skeletal myoblasts stayed in place and were still located in the adventitia after bypass grafting. Additionally, vein grafts of the myoblast group revealed a 2fold increased neoneointima formation, a decreased media thickness, a slightly increased neovascularization, a higher percentage of reendothelialization and also a slightly higher percentage of PDGFR ɑ, PDGFR ß, MMP-7 and MMP-9 positive cells, suggesting a paracrine mechanism responsible for accelerated neointima formation.In conclusion, the results of our study do not support the use of skeletal myoblast for the treatment of vein graft disease after coronary artery bypass surgery.     

Gall Bladder Carcinoma Presenting with Spinal Metastasis: A Rare Phenomenon

Skeletal metastasis as a primary presentation of gall bladder carcinoma is rare. A 50-year-old lady presented with neck pain and weakness in her right upper limb of 3 months duration. Clinical and imaging work-up suggested locally advanced gall bladder carcinoma with metastasis to cervical vertebra and sternum. Only one case till date has been reported where the patient presented with neurological symptoms due to pathological fracture secondary to metastasis from an occult gall bladder carcinoma. Although rare, an occult gall bladder cancer may present with neurological symptoms due to pathological fracture of spine secondary to metastasis. We present a brief review of literature of patients who presented with skeletal metastases in clinically silent gall bladder malignancy. Palliative care issues in advanced gall bladder carcinoma have also been discussed.     

正颌手术对骨性Ⅲ类错畸形患者语音功能的影响

目的: 探讨正颌手术对骨性Ⅲ类错畸形患者术后语音功能的影响。方法: 选择 31例骨性Ⅲ类错畸形成人患者,分别在术前1周、术后 3个月采集颌面 CT 扫描数据、语音数据。将采集的CT数据导入Dolphin软件,对咽部解剖结构进行测量、分析及头颅X线头影测量分析;对语音数据进行主观和客观评价。采用SPSS 24.0软件包进行统计学分析。结果: 正颌手术后,软腭下缘到咽后壁的距离、会厌上缘到咽后壁的距离及其相应的横截面积和口咽、喉咽的体积较术前均有显著差异（P<0.01）。头颅X线片分析显示,术前和术后SNA、SNB、ANB、OJ、OBJ差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。正颌患者术后语音情况较术前发生改变,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。正颌手术前、后,元音/a/B2、B3、B4,/i/B1、B2,/u/B1、B2、B4的差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）,辅音/x/、/zh/、/s/下限频率及/zh/能量值的变化有统计学意义（P<0.05）,辅音/z/的语图形态变化有统计学意义（P<0.05）。上颌骨前移距离与△S1、△VOP、语音变化存在高度相关或显著相关。结论: 正颌手术对上、下颌骨的移动,引起咽腔解剖结构改变,导致术后语音改变。