高原老年人和红细胞增多症病人返回平原后记忆功能的“脱适应”研究

15例离退休健康男性老人和9例红细胞增多症男性病人返回平原后,记忆功能改变的特点:①两组受试者除5例成绩下降外,苏州记忆成绩高于西宁成绩(p<0.01)。②记忆成绩降低现象存在于20%左右的人中。③高原缺氧和返平原脱适应均主要影响短时记忆。     

西脉式环抱器用于骨折内固定术护理配合要点

目的:探讨西脉镍钛形状记忆合金环抱器用于骨折内固定术有关的护理配合问题。方法:12例不同部位骨折病人(其中男性8例、女性4例、年龄15～62岁)采用西脉镍钛(TiNi)形状记忆合金环抱器人实施内固定手术,观察术中护理配合要点和实际效果。结果:骨折复位满意,手术持续时间<2h。所有病人术后均无感染迹象,手术切口愈合良好。结论:围术期护理配合质量(如器械选择、塑形准备、无菌操作等)的优劣,是手术成功与否的重要因素之一。     

A longitudinal study of age-associated memory impairment

An 8-year longitudinal study of elderly people has provided data concerning age-associated impairment (AAMI). In 1985 a random sample of 146 persons aged 65 years or more, living in their own homes, were assessed using the Guild Memory Test the Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE) and other ratings. After excluding 21% of the sample because they scored less than 24 on the MMSE, and another 34% who fulfilled other exclusion criteria, some 48% of the remainder (22% of the total sample) clearly fulfilled NIMH criteria for AAMI and a further 36% (16% of the total sample) were recorded as forgetful. The NIMH criteria are appropriate for certain research purposes but not in assessing prevalence of memory disorders. Follow–up interviews were conducted after 2, 4, 6 and 8 years. The mortality rate and development of dementia among those fulfilling criteria for AAMI appeared similar to the other non-demented groups of subjects; the mortality rate of those with MMSE scores below 24 was significantly higher. Guild test results at 2-yearly intervals showed considerable changes; half of those scoring least well who were retested showed improvement.     

The effects of acute and repeated doses of moclobemide on psychomotor performance and cognitive function in healthy elderly volunteers

The effects of moclobemide, a new selective and reversible MAO-A inhibitor, on cognitive function and psychomotor performance were measured in 12 healthy elderly male volunteers (with a mean age of 72.5 years). Subjects received moclobemide 200 mg, amitriptyline (positive internal control) 25 mg or placebo twice daily and were assessed on a battery of psychometric tests on the mornings following the first (acute) day and seventh (sub-chronic) day. The tests were: Choice Reaction Time; Tracking; Critical Flicker Fusion Threshold; Memory Scanning; Continuous Attention Task; the Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire and a Visual Line Analogue Rating Scale. The results show that amitriptyline produced impairment of cognitive and psychomotor functions. Moclobemide, however, did not disrupt sleep or cause daytime sedation, and remained neutral in the assessment of behavioural toxicity.     

Effects of exercise on neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus and ability of learning and memory after hippocampus lesion in adult rats

Objective To explore the effects of exercise on dentate gyrus (DG) neurogenesis and the ability of learning and memory in hippocampus-lesioned adult rats. Methods Hippocampus lesion was produced by intrahippocampal microinjection of kainic acid (KA). Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was used to label dividing cells. Y maze test was used to evaluate the ability of learning and memory. Exercise was conducted in the form of forced running in a motor-driven running wheel. The speed of wheel revolution was regulated at 3 kinds of intensity: lightly running, moderately running, or heavily running. Results Hippocampus lesion could increase the number of BrdU-labeled DG cells, moderately running after lesion could further enhance the number of BrdU-labeled cells and decrease the error number (EN) in Y maze test, while neither lightly running, nor heavily running had such effects. There was a negative correlation between the number of DG BrdU-labeled cells and the EN in the Y maze test after running. Conclusion Moderate exercise could enhance the DG neurogenesis and ameliorate the ability of learning and memory in hippocampus-lesioned rats.     

The locus coeruleus, norepinephrine, and memory in newborns

Use of learned odor cues by newborn rats is critical for pup survival. Rat pups acquire approach responses to maternal odors through an associative conditioning mechanism. This learned behavioral response is accompanied by a modification of olfactory bulb neural response patterns to the learned odor. Both the behavioral and neural reponse changes involved and require norepinephrine release in the olfactory bulb. The source of this norepinephrine is the locus coeruleus. It is proposed that the unique response properties of the locus coeruleus during the early postnatal period in the rat may facilitate acquisition of these critical early memories.     

早期Alzheimer病患者语义记忆研究

目的：评估早期Alzheimer病患者语义记忆损害。方法：自编语义记忆测试工具，对22例Alzheimer病患者语义记忆损害评估作了纵向的研究．其中男10例，女12例。同时进行简明精神状况量表评定。结果：AD患者的2次MMSE评分明显差于正常对照组（P〈O．001）。在两个词的并列关系中，AD患者语义性启动操作起初并不同步。在并列条件测试中．先出现高启动效应．然后下降。在特征条件测试中，始终呈低启动效应。结论：AD病患者有着显著的动态语义记忆退化。     

Modulation of fear-potentiated startle and vocalizations in juvenile rhesus monkeys by morphine, diazepam, and buspirone.

BACKGROUND: Modulation of the acoustic startle response by aversive sensory stimulation is a simple and objective indicator of emotionality in rodents and human beings that has been extremely valuable for the analysis of neural systems associated with fear and anxiety. We have described a paradigm for measuring fear-potentiated, whole-body acoustic startle in nonhuman primates and have developed a protocol for maintaining fear-potentiated startle over repeated sessions with minimal extinction to allow measurement of pharmacological effects on fear-potentiated startle by using within-subjects designs in relatively small groups of monkeys. METHODS: A novel, within-subjects testing protocol was used to examine the effects of three compounds in rhesus monkeys that have anxiolytic effects in rodents on fear-potentiated startle but that differ in their mechanism of action. Spontaneous vocalizations during testing also were recorded. Juvenile monkeys that were trained to associate a visual stimulus with a fear-inducing air blast to the face were tested after acute administration of different doses of buspirone diazepam, morphine, or vehicle. RESULTS: Monkeys rapidly developed a robust and persistent elevation of startle response in the presence of the CS during repeated testing sessions. Diazepam and morphine produced dose-related reductions of fear-potentiated startle. Buspirone did not significantly reduce fear-potentiated startle at the doses tested, although a trend was evident at the highest dose. All drugs reduced rates of coo vocalizations during startle testing. CONCLUSIONS: These fear-potentiated startle results suggest that rhesus monkeys have a pharmacological profile with respect to these compounds that is closer to humans than to rats. This demonstrates the value of examining the effects of drugs on fear-potentiated startle in nonhuman primates.     

镍钛记忆合金环抱器治疗锁骨骨折利弊

锁骨骨折是临床较常见的骨折之一.近几年应用镍钛记忆合金环抱器治疗锁骨骨折的报道较多,但报道其优点较多,很少谈其缺点及不足.2005年1月～2007年1月,我科收治24例锁骨骨折患者,采用镍钛记忆合金环抱器治疗,笔者对其利弊进行分析如下.     

肱骨近端记忆接骨器的设计与临床应用

目的 探索肱骨头解剖颈至外科颈及肱骨近端干段骨折、骨不连的内固定新技术。方法 根据生物记忆材料镍钛合金性能与肱骨近端解剖生理特征，研制肱骨近端记忆接骨器（proximal humerus memory connector，PHMC），并临床治疗肱骨近端粉碎性骨折、畸形愈合、骨不连共22例。患者平均年龄41．7岁，平均随访18．5个月。结果 骨折骨性愈合时间平均3．6个月；骨不连骨性愈合时间平均4．5个月。骨愈合形式均呈骨板样骨替代，未见无序骨痂出现。PHMC术后弃用外固定，创伤反应期（7～12d）后，进行主动渐进性功能锻炼。肩关节功能按Michael Reese评分，平均88．5分。结论 PHMC能有效治疗肱骨解剖颈始至肱骨近端的各类型骨折与骨不连，亦为减少该部的假体关节置换探索出了新路。