Acute toxicity of chlorpyrifos to the non-target organism Cnesterodon decemmaculatus

Chlorpyrifos is the most used insecticide in Argentina. Cnesterodon decemmaculatus is a widely distributed, endemic fish from Neotropical America. It attains high densities in the shallow water assemblages of Argentina and Brazil. The aim of this study was to assess the acute toxicity of chlorpyrifos to C. decemmaculatus. The mean 96-h LC₅₀ of three independent determinations was 105.3 (±?3.1) μg/L. Sublethal effects were observed. Swimming behavioral changes at each chlorpyrifos exposure concentration were reported. C. decemmaculatus represents a good model for ecotoxicological risk assessment.     

Efficacy and Feasibility of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation in the Treatment of Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Background

Refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) includes AML includes failure of disease to respond to standard induction chemotherapy, relapse within 6 months after first CR, and 2 or more relapses. The outcome of these patients is usually very poor; only a small proportion can be rescued by allogenic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of allo-HSCT in patients with refractory AML.

急性心肌梗死患者D二聚体质量浓度与远期预后的关系

目的 探讨急性心肌梗死(acute myocardial infarction,AMI)患者D二聚体(D-dimer)质量浓度与病情严重程度和远期心源性死亡的关系。方法 选取2013年1月至2020年1月收入首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院的AMI患者3 990例,根据D-dimer质量浓度分为3组:≤0.50 mg/L、0.51～0.80 mg/L、≥0.81 mg/L,平均随访时间为2.1 (1.0～4.0) 年。应用Cox比例风险回归模型评估D-dimer对心源性死亡的影响。结果 D-dimer≥0.81 mg/L组患者年龄较大、女性居多、体质量指数较低,既往合并高血压、糖尿病者较多,3支病变较为多见,住院期间肾小球滤过率较低,N末端B型利钠肽原峰值明显升高,左室射血分数<50%患者比例明显升高。D-dimer≥0.81 mg/L组患者在随访期间累计心源性病死率(18.7%)高于D-dimer≤0.50 mg/L组(2.3%)和D-dimer 0.51～0.80 mg/L组(6.1%),且校正其他危险因素后,D-dimer能独立预测AMI患者的心源性死亡(HR=1.71,95%CI:1.34~2.18,P<0.001)。结论 D-dimer能反映AMI患者病情的严重程度,且D-dimer升高可在一定程度上预测AMI患者远期心源性死亡事件发生率升高。     

Associations of HLA and drug-metabolizing enzyme genes in co-trimoxazole-induced severe cutaneous adverse reactions

Co-trimoxazole is mainly used as a first-line drug for treatment and prophylaxis against Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia. This drug, however, has been reported as the most common causative drug for severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs). This study aimed to extensively elucidate the associations between genetic polymorphisms of HLA class I and genes involved in bioactivation and detoxification of co-trimoxazole on co-trimoxazole-induced SCARS in a large sample size and well-defined Thai SCARs patients. A total of 67 patients with co-trimoxazole-induced SCARs, consisting of 51 SJS/TEN patients and 16 DRESS patients, and 91 co-trimoxazole tolerant controls were enrolled in the study. The results clearly demonstrated that the HLA-B¹13:01 allele was significantly associated with co-trimoxazole-induced SCARs, especially with DRESS (OR = 8.44, 95% CI = 2.66–26.77, P = 2.94 × 10⁻⁴, Pc = 0.0126). Moreover, the HLA-C¹08:01 allele was significantly associated with co-trimoxazole-induced SJS/TEN in the HIV/AIDS patients with an OR of 8.51 (95% CI = 2.18–33.14, P = 8.60 × 10⁻⁴, Pc = 0.0241). None of the genes involved in the bioactivation and detoxification of co-trimoxazole investigated in this study play any major role in the development of all phenotypes of SCARs.     

预防性静滴钾离子、镁离子对急性心梗后并发室性心律失常的预防作用

目的 探究预防性静滴钾离子、镁离子对急性心梗后并发室性心律失常的预防作用。方法 选择2015年1月-2018年1月于西宁市第一人民医院进行治疗的78例急性心肌梗死患者为研究对象，按照随机数字表法将其均分为观察组与对照组，每组各39例患者。对照组患者进行常规急性心梗治疗，观察组患者在对照组基础上加用门冬氨酸钾镁进行治疗，对比两组治疗有效率，对比两组治疗前后血液流变学指标纤维蛋白原（Fib）、凝血酶原时间（PT）、血小板计数（Plt），对比两组治疗期间不良反应发生率及心律失常发生率。结果 治疗后，观察组患者治疗有效率为87.18%，对照组为76.92%，两组对比差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗前两组患者Fib、PT以及Plt水平对比差异不具有统计学意义；治疗后，两组患者Plt及Fib水平低于治疗前，PT水平高于治疗前，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；治疗后观察组患者Plt及Fib水平低于对照组，PT水平高于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组患者不良反应发生率稍高于对照组，但对比差异不具有统计学意义。观察组心律失常发生率为7.69%，对照组为15.38%，两组对比差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 预防性静滴钾离子与镁离子能够显著降低急性心梗患者心律失常发生率，同时有利于提高治疗有效率，改善其血流变指标，且安全性较高。     

宝石CT碘-水基图在急性脑梗死介入治疗后的应用

目的探讨宝石CT碘-水基图在急性脑梗死介入治疗后的诊断价值。方法 31例急性脑梗死患者介入治疗后即刻宝石CT平扫QC图发现颅内异常高密度影,采用碘-水基图进行重建分析,同时测定高密度影碘基值、水基值,并与术后24 h普通CT复查诊断结果作比较。结果通过采用碘-水基图,17例诊断为碘对比剂渗出,14例诊断为脑出血转化,与术后24 h普通CT复查诊断结果完全一致(Kappa=1,P0.01);术后即刻碘基图之碘基值:碘对比剂渗出(32.09±5.36) g/L,脑出血转化(6.86±2.26) g/L,二者差异有统计学意义(t=53.291,P0.01);术后即刻水基图之水基值:碘对比剂渗出(1 027.93±8.29) g/L,脑出血转化(1 069.68±7.18) g/L,二者差异有统计学意义(t=-8.897,P0.01)。结论宝石CT碘-水基图可以准确诊断急性脑梗死介入治疗后颅内碘对比剂渗出和脑出血转化,值得向临床介绍推广。