掌侧入路AO双螺纹空心加压螺钉治疗舟骨骨折

目的 探讨掌侧人路AO双螺纹加压空心螺钉治疗舟骨骨折的适应证、手术方法及疗效.方法 2000年3月-2008年1月,通过透视机下复位,取掌侧入路AO双螺纹加压螺钉固定治疗2l例新鲜舟骨骨折.术后定期复查X线片,观察骨折愈合情况,按Krimmer评分方法评估腕关节功能.结果 术后21例获得3～24个月的随访,平均15个月.21例骨折均为Ⅰ期愈合,愈合时间平均为10周.按Krimmer法评分:优15例,良4例,可2例;优良率为90.5%.结论 对于舟骨腰部骨折,通过术中透视机下复位,经掌侧入路应用AO双螺纹加压螺钉固定,手术操作简便,创伤小,术后可早期进行活动,能有效提高骨折愈合率,功能良好.     

Treatment of Scaphoid Nonunions with Closed-Wedge Osteotomy of the Distal Radius: Report of Six Cases

BACKGROUND: The ideal treatment of nonunion of the scaphoid remains unresolved and controversial. It was hypothesized that scaphoid nonunion could be treated successfully using a closed-wedge osteotomy of the distal radius which reduces the inclination of the joint surface and decreases the pressure between the radial and scaphoid surfaces with a reduction of the force applied by the styloid process. We present a preliminary report in six patients with nonunion of the carpal scaphoid using this procedure. The main objective of the osteotomy is to achieve fusion, alleviate pain, and improve function. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six closed-wedge osteotomies to reduce the inclination of the distal radial surface were performed in patients with scaphoid waist nonunion and a viable proximal pole, without posttrauma osteoarthritis or with moderate posttraumatic osteoarthritis confined to the radio-scaphoid joint. The present series of six patients (all men) were followed for at least 8 months (mean follow-up 14.2 months, range 8-21 months). RESULTS: Solid union was achieved in five patients. Postoperatively, three patients were pain-free, two presented mild pain for heavy work, and one had moderate pain. This type of osteotomy reduced the inclination of the joint surface (radial angulation) 6.2 degrees on average. There was an improvement in joint flexion from a preoperative mean of 40 degrees to 52.5 degrees at last follow-up, in extension from 40.8 degrees to 66.7 degrees , in radial deviation from 15 degrees to 22.5 degrees , and in ulnar deviation from 30.8 degrees to 41.7 degrees . CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary study suggests that a closed-wedge osteotomy of the distal radius could be an alternative approach for patients with scaphoid waist nonunion and a viable proximal pole, without posttrauma osteoarthritis or with moderate posttraumatic osteoarthritis confined to the radio-scaphoid joint. The number of cases was small; however, further studies with a much larger series are needed before routine use of wedge osteotomy in scaphoid nonunion can be recommended.     

Does Thumb Immobilization Contribute to Scaphoid Fracture Stability?

Immobilization protocols for nondisplaced scaphoid fractures have included the elbow, wrist, and thumb. This study attempts to demonstrate whether or not immobilization of the thumb makes a difference in preventing motion at the scaphoid fracture site. Using six fresh frozen forearm specimens, a transverse waist scaphoid fracture was created through a dorsal approach. Metallic markers were imbedded on either side of the fracture. Sutures were secured to the flexor pollicus longus (FPL) and extensor pollicus longus (EPL). Each specimen was loaded in extension and flexion by attaching 50-g weights to the EPL and FPL, first with no casting, then with a short arm cast, and finally a short arm thumb spica cast. Angulation and displacement at the fracture site were measured in the coronal, sagittal, and axial planes utilizing image reconstructions from computed tomography. One-way ANOVA with repeated measures and Tukey–Kramer multiple comparison test post hoc analysis were used for statistical evaluation. There was no significant difference in fracture angulation or rotation between spica and short arm casts. There was a significant difference in angulation and rotation in all three planes when comparing between casting and no casting, p < 0.05. In our cadaveric model, wrist immobilization is crucial for nondisplaced scaphoid waist fractures, and short arm casting was just as effective as thumb spica casting in preventing fracture displacement.     

Percutaneous screw fixation for scaphoid nonunion in skeletally immature patients: a report of two cases

Nonunion of the scaphoid waist in skeletally immature patients is rarely diagnosed. We report 2 cases of scaphoid nonunion in skeletally immature patients who underwent percutaneous screw fixation without bone graft. In stable nonunions with minimal sclerosis, percutaneous screw fixation without bone graft can be an alternative to the conventional open procedure in skeletally immature patients, with successful union and clinical outcome.     

A comparative analysis of the accuracy, diagnostic uncertainty and cost of imaging modalities in suspected scaphoid fractures

INTRODUCTION: Clinical examination of suspected scaphoid fractures is sensitive, but not specific, and initial plain radiographs lack sensitivity. A variety of second-line imaging techniques have been proposed to improve immediate diagnosis and reduce overtreatment. Different sample populations and methods of reporting test performance have made side-by-side comparison difficult. The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiology of clinically suspected scaphoid fracture and determine the prevalence of true fracture. These data are used to compare second-line imaging techniques in our population. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 200 consecutive patients attending a trauma service with clinically suspected scaphoid fracture were followed through diagnosis to discharge. RESULTS: The prevalence of true fracture was 16% and was associated with male sex and injury playing sport. Magnetic resonance imaging has the best diagnostic performance, with the added benefit of soft tissue evaluation, but was the most expensive option. Ultrasound examination was least effective in detecting true fractures. CONCLUSIONS: Future studies should further evaluate the clinical and economic sequelae of overtreatment of suspected fractures. Clinicians should examine alternatives to "empirical" treatment without definite diagnosis based on their local facilities and patient demographics.     

晚期月骨无菌性坏死舟骨环形征的解剖学及生物力学研究

目的明确稳定舟骨近极的韧带及断裂后桡腕关节面应力的改变,阐明舟骨环形征的临床意义. 方法实验分为两部分,分别通过5侧上肢标本的解剖学观察,确定稳定舟骨近极的韧带;通过桡侧、尺侧屈腕肌腱及桡侧、尺侧伸腕肌腱,垂直加载12 kg负荷5分钟,应用压敏薄膜及FPD-305E、FPD-306E系统,分别测量腕关节中立、掌屈、背伸、尺偏及桡偏时,正常及韧带断裂后舟骨窝、月骨窝应力的变化. 结果解剖学观察发现,稳定舟骨近极的韧带为:桡舟头韧带、长桡月韧带及舟月骨间韧带,其中长桡月韧带和舟月骨间韧带起到限制舟骨近极向背侧移位的作用.生物力学研究结果表明,在稳定舟骨近极的韧带断裂后,背伸位时,舟骨窝桡侧亚区应力(0.90±0.43)与正常(0.85±0.15)无差异,但掌侧(0.59±0.20)、尺侧(0.52±0.05)及背侧亚区(0.58±0.23)应力较正常(相对应力为0.77±0.13、0.75±0.08、0.68±0.09)减小;中立、掌屈、桡偏及尺偏位时,舟骨窝内各亚区应力与正常相比增大或无差异;而月骨窝在中立位时,各亚区的应力增大;掌屈、背伸、桡偏及尺偏位时,各亚区的应力减小或无差异. 结论在月骨无菌性坏死ⅢB期,舟骨窝承受的负荷增加,在治疗方法的选择上,应注意矫正舟骨的旋转半脱位,防止后期出现桡舟关节创伤性关节炎.     

Congenital scaphoid megalourethra associated with posterior urethral valves

Megalourethra is a very rare mesenchymal congenital anomaly and its association with posterior urethral valves is still rarer. We hereby present such a rare combination and discuss its etiopatho-genesis Accepted: 16 June 1998     

微创手术治疗腕舟状骨骨折(附15例)

目的 探讨微创手术内固定治疗腕舟状骨骨折的具体技术方法和临床疗效.方法 采用经皮克氏针(导针)穿刺、复位、临时固定骨折端,微创置入空心螺钉固定治疗腕舟状骨骨折15例,术后不予外固定,早期进行功能训练.结果 术后随访6个月～2年,骨折愈合时间6～10周,平均8.5周,腕关节功能恢复良好.结论 采用经皮克氏针(导针)穿刺、复位、临时固定骨折端,微创置入空心螺钉固定治疗腕舟状骨骨折,复位满意,固定可靠,可以早期功能训练,疗效满意.     

腕舟骨骨折治疗的研究进展

腕舟骨骨折虽然治疗方法较多,但是由于其特殊的解剖学结构、稀疏且不均匀的血液分布,目前仍尚无明确治疗腕舟骨骨折方法的选择标准。失治误治会导致患者出现骨折移位、畸形愈合、骨不连、螺钉松动、肥厚性瘢痕疼痛以及腕关节功能受限等一系列并发症,给患者带来极大的痛苦。因此腕舟骨骨折治疗,必须要针对具体情况,选择正确、恰当的治疗方法,才能获得最佳治疗效果。