连续波充填技术的临床评价

目的评价连续波充填技术的临床疗效。方法选择牙髓病或根尖周病患者60例,按就诊顺序随机分为两组,分别采用连续波充填技术（CW组）和冷牙胶侧方加压充填技术（LC组）进行根管充填。术前、术后拍摄X线片。比较两组的根管充填时间、术中疼痛情况和根管充填效果。结果以牙为单位,CW组适充28例,超充1例,欠充1例;LC组中,适充27例,超充2例。欠充1例。CW组术中不适4例,LC组2例。以根管为单位,CW组根管充填时间平均每根管65．7s,LC组平均每根管203．8s（P〈0．05）。结论连续波充填技术临床操作简便有效,操作时间短。     

寻根管口入路开髓法对老年人离体磨牙开髓的效果

目的探讨寻根管口入路开髓法在老年人离体上下第一磨牙上进行开髓的效果。方法准备形态基本完整的老年人离体第一磨牙160个（每个牙位40个）。反2005～2007年在口腔科实习新生中随机抽取160人作为开髓操作者。将其均分为两组：寻根管口入路法开髓组80人,找髓角入路法开髓组80人。然后每一实习生随机抽取用纸密封的第一磨牙1个。由口腔医生将此牙固定在标准牙弓的阴模的该磨牙相应位置处,灌普通石膏模型,并将普通石膏模型固定在仿真头颅模型上,并按开髓常规调节好椅位和光源。由口腔医生按统一要求为实习生培训所在组别的开髓方法,并通过考核确认其已掌握了该开髓方法。实习生用所在组的方法在头颅模型上独立地进行开髓。开髓完成后由口腔医生按开髓效果评定标准进行效果评定。结果实验组有效率为92．5％,对照组有效率为75．0％,经统计学分析差异有高度显著性。结论口腔实习生在老年人离体第一磨牙上开髓用寻根管口入路开髓法比用找髓角入路开髓法成功率更高。     

氢氧化钙在根管消毒中的疗效观察

目的：观察氢氧化钙在根管消毒中的疗效。方法：168颗急性根尖周炎患者随机分为A、B两组。A组为氢氧化钙组（CH）;B组为甲醛甲酚组（FC）。对两组治疗后的临床效果进行评价。结果：治疗后两组疼痛均完全消失。但时间差异明显,1天内A组有效率为77．22％,B组为20％。1周后,临床体征也明显改善,A组疗效优于B组,有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论：氢氧化钙是一种较理想的根管消毒药物。     

Two-stage decompression for combined epiconus and cauda equina syndrome due to multilevel spinal canal stenosis of the thoracolumbar spine: a case report

INTRODUCTION: A case of combined epiconus and cauda equina syndrome due to multilevel spinal canal stenosis of the thoracolumbar spine is reported. METHODS: A 76-year-old man with multilevel spinal canal stenosis of the thoracolumbar spine (Th11-12, L2-S) who showed symptoms of epiconus syndrome was reported. First, we performed anterior decompression and fusion at the thoracolumbar junction (decompression: Th11-12, fusion: Th10-L2), which ameliorated his symptom partially. However, he presented cauda equina symptoms. Then, he underwent posterior spinal decompression (L3-5) and fusion (Th12-L5). RESULTS: After anterior decompression, several symptoms disappeared. However, motor and sensory disturbance below L4 and bladder-bowel disturbance remained. We then performed a secondary operation. At three years' follow-up, he was able to walk with the aid of a cane. CONCLUSIONS: Combined epiconus and cauda equina syndrome due to multilevel spinal canal stenosis was treated by combined two-stage anterior and posterior decompression. In this case, multilevel decompression via anterior and posterior approaches was necessary to relieve the symptoms.     

Effect of vasectomy via inguinal canal on spermatogenesis in rabbits

Aim： To determine whether vasectomy away from the epididymal tail （via the inguinal canal） in rabbits can reduce the early postoperative effects on spermatogenesis. Methods： Twenty-nine normal male Japanese white rabbits （aged 4- 6 months） were subjected to unilateral close-ended （conventional） or open-ended （the cut end of the juxta-epididymal vas deferens not ligated） vasectomy via the inguinal canal. Ten days and 3 months after operation, testes, epididymides and vasa deferentia were removed and methacrylate resin-embedded sections prepared. The histology of the testis, epididymis and vas deferens was examined under light microscope, and the volume and diameter of the seminiferous tubules were quantitatively studied using stereological methods. Results： Neither of the methods of vasectomy led to apparent damage to spermatogenesis on the vasectomized side in comparison with the contralateral shamoperated side, but the juxta-epididymal vas deferens on the vasectomized side was highly distended and contained numerous sperm 3 months after operation. Conclusion： Vasectomy away from the cauda epididymis has no significant early postoperative effects on spermatogenesis in rabbits.     

Tumor Diameter as a Prognostic Factor in Patients with Gastric Cancer

Background  The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of tumor diameter in gastric cancer. Methods  The study group comprised a series of 1215 patients who underwent curative gastrectomy. The appropriate tumor diameter cutoff value was determined. Prognostic factors were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results  The tumor diameter cutoff value was 100 mm. Multivariate analysis showed that tumor site, macroscopic appearance, tumor diameter, depth of invasion, and presence of lymph node metastasis independently affected prognosis in all patients. Multivariate analysis of patients with larger tumors identified depth of invasion as an independent prognostic factor. A comparison between patients with smaller and larger tumors showed marked differences in the survival of those with stage II, IIIA, and IIIB tumors. A comparison of clinicopathological factors between stage II and III patients revealed that tumors occupying the entire stomach, ill-defined, undifferentiated, and serosa-penetrating tumors, and peritoneal metastases were far more frequent in patients with larger tumors. Conclusions  Tumor diameter in gastric cancer is a reliable prognostic factor that might be a candidate for use in the staging system. To improve outcomes for patients with tumors ≥100 mm in diameter, it is necessary to establish therapeutic strategies for peritoneal metastasis, particularly in stage II and III tumors.     

Predictive value of histopathologic parameters in early squamous cell carcinoma of oral tongue

The clinical course of early squamous cell carcinoma of oral tongue (OTSCC) is unpredictable and various histopathologic parameters of the primary tumour have been suggested as prognostic factors to be used in clinical decision-making. We reviewed clinicopathologic data of 73 patients diagnosed with Stage I–II OTSCC. Predictive value of pathological T-stage, depth of infiltration, grade, and mode of invasion with respect to local recurrences, occult cervical metastases, and disease specific survival (DSS) was analysed. Depth of infiltration and pT-stage significantly predicted occult nodal disease, while only pT-stage predicted local recurrence. Specific cut-off value for depth of infiltration separating high-risk and low-risk patients was not found. Significant correlations between the histopathologic parameters and DSS were not found. We conclude that depth of infiltration predicted occult nodal disease but its value in clinical decision-making is limited because of poor specificity when using a cut-off value that offers reasonable sensitivity for finding the patients with occult nodal disease. The risk for occult metastases and local recurrence was high in patients with pT2 tumours.     

Multilevel costovertebral echinococcosis: effectiveness of a combined approach

Hydatid disease generally involves the liver and the lung, but rarely can be encountered in bones. The disease predominantly occurs in vascularized areas, involving in descending order: vertebrae, long bones, ilium, skull, and ribs. Vertebral and rib hydatidosis may result from vascular or lymphatic migration of a fertile cell from a hepatic focus. In humans, the two main forms are due to Echinococcus granulosis and less frequently, E. multilocularis (alveolaris). The hydatid cysts usually grow slowly asymptomatically and compression of the involved or the neighboring organ causes clinical manifestations. In this patient, hydatid disease occurred in the chest wall with secondary spinal canal involvement successfully treated by removal of cysts via T7, T8, T9, T10, and T11 laminectomies via a posterior approach, followed by resection of the involved ribs. Total removal of cysts without rupture appears to provide effective protection against late recurrences.     

Diesel exhaust particles induce endothelial dysfunction in apoE-/- mice

BACKGROUND: Particulate air pollution can aggravate cardiovascular disease by mechanisms suggested to involve translocation of particles to the bloodstream and impairment of endothelial function, possibly dependent on present atherosclerosis. AIM: We investigated the effects of exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) in vivo and ex vivo on vasomotor functions in aorta from apoE(-/-) mice with slight atherosclerosis and from normal apoE(+/+) mice. METHODS: DEP 0, 0.5 or 5 mg/kg bodyweight in saline was administered i.p. The mice were sacrificed 1 h later and aorta ring segments were mounted on wire myographs. Segments from unexposed mice were also incubated ex vivo with 0, 10 and 100 microg DEP/ml before measurement of vasomotor functions. RESULTS: Exposure to 0.5 mg/kg DEP in vivo caused a decrease in the endothelium-dependent acetylcholine elicited vasorelaxation in apoE(-/-) mice, whereas the response was enhanced in apoE(+/+) mice. No significant change was observed after administration of 5 mg/kg DEP. In vivo DEP exposure did not affect constriction induced by K(+) or phenylephrine. In vitro exposure to 100 microg DEP/ml enhanced acetylcholine-induced relaxation and attenuated phenylephrine-induced constriction. Vasodilation induced by sodium nitroprusside was not affected by any DEP exposure. CONCLUSION: Exposure to DEP has acute effect on vascular functions. Endothelial dysfunction possibly due to decreased NO production as suggested by decreased acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation and unchanged sodium nitroprusside response can be induced by DEP in vivo only in vessels of mice with some atherosclerosis.