The anterior–posterior laxity after total knee arthroplasty inserted with a ligament tensor

Goal of this study is to determine the anterior–posterior laxity in 30° of knee flexion for a posterior cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty with a relative dished insert and implanted with a ligament tensor. Furthermore, the correlation between these AP laxities and the postoperative range of motion (ROM) and postoperative Knee Society Score (KSS) is analysed. Fifty-one balanSys™ total knee arthroplasties were performed in 49 patients between 1998 and 2000. These arthroplasties are analysed with respect to AP laxity (Rolimeter), ROM and KSS with a mean follow-up of 4.6 years. The mean anterior laxity is 2.8 mm with no posterior laxities at all. The average postoperative ROM is 110° with an average KSS of 142. No correlations between AP-laxity and postoperative ROM or between AP-laxity and postoperative KSS are found. A posterior cruciate retaining TKA with a relative dished insert and implanted with a tensor is very stable in the anterior–posterior direction in 30° of knee flexion. This limited laxity does not seem to disadvantage the mean postoperative ROM and KSS, when compared to other TKA studies.     

脊柱后路去松质骨截骨术用于脊柱畸形翻修手术的安全性和有效性

目的 :探讨脊柱后路去松质骨截骨术(vertebral column decancellation,VCD)应用于脊柱畸形翻修手术中的安全性和有效性。方法:回顾性分析2010年1月~2012年1月在我院接受脊柱畸形翻修手术的20例患者的临床资料,年龄17~58岁(34.5±11.6岁),男12例,女8例。强直性脊柱炎后凸畸形6例,先天性半椎体后凸畸形4例,结核性脊柱侧后凸畸形4例,先天性侧后凸畸形3例,青少年特发性脊柱侧凸3例。翻修手术距初次手术时间为5.6±3.3年(1~16年)。翻修术前10例冠状面失衡患者冠状面Cobb角45°~85°(64.2°±15.6°),17例矢状面失衡患者矢状面畸形后凸Cobb角75°~110°(92.7°±9.7°)。均在插管全麻下行VCD进行畸形矫正。记录患者翻修手术时间、术中出血量及围手术期并发症等一般情况。所有患者翻修术前、术后1周及末次随访均拍摄包括骨盆的站立位脊柱全长正侧位X线片,测量脊柱矢状面、冠状面Cobb角,冠状位顶椎偏移距离、双肩相对高度差,矢状面偏移距离、矢状位腰前凸角、胸腰段后凸角、骨盆倾斜角、骨盆入射角及骶骨倾斜角。采用SRS-22调查表评估患者术前及术后6个月生存质量。结果 :均顺利完成手术,平均截骨椎体数量1.5±0.6个(1~2个)。手术时间为4~6.5h(5.3±0.7h),术中出血量为600~1300ml(830.0±150.5ml)。所有患者术中脊髓监测未发现在复位过程中有体感诱发电位(SEP)及运动诱发电位(MEP)异常变化,术中唤醒试验患者下肢运动感觉功能正常。术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合。3例发生脑脊液漏,2例后凸畸形患者术后并发肠系膜上动脉综合征,围手术期未发生感染、呼吸衰竭、下肢深静脉血栓等其他并发症。住院时间13.9±2.4d。随访时间18~40个月(27.6±2.8个月),随访期间未出现内固定棒断裂、螺钉松动及深部感染等并发症。冠状面和矢状面畸形获得良好矫正,术后1周冠状面和矢状面Cobb角分别矫正至15.7°±4.9°、28.7°±8.7°。术后1周脊柱冠状面和矢状面Cobb角、顶椎偏移距离及双肩相对高度差、矢状面偏移距离与翻修术前比较均明显变小(P0.05),末次随访时与术后1周比较无统计学差异(P0.05);脊柱-骨盆矢状面参数除骨盆入射角与术前比较无统计学差异(P0.05)外,腰前凸角、胸腰段后凸角、骨盆倾斜角及骶骨倾斜角与术前比较均有明显改善(P0.05)。术后1周冠状面Cobb角矫正率为(75.5±4.5)%,矢状面Cobb角矫正率为(63.5±5.7)%;末次随访时与术后1周比较,冠状面矫形丢失率为26.5%,矢状面矫形丢失率为34.1%。翻修术后6个月SRS-22量表功能、疼痛、外观、精神健康、满意度评分与翻修术前比较均明显增加(P0.05)。结论:VCD在脊柱畸形翻修手术中可重新恢复脊柱矢状面、冠状面的平衡和稳定,尤其在脊柱矢状面平衡的恢复中有良好的效果,同时可避免脊髓过度短缩、神经卡压等并发症,是一种较安全有效的补救措施。     

Does approach matter? A comparative radiographic analysis of spinopelvic parameters in single-level lumbar fusion

Background Context

Lumbar fusion is a popular and effective surgical option to provide stability and restore anatomy. Particular attention has recently been focused on sagittal alignment and radiographic spinopelvic parameters that apply to lumbar fusion as well as spinal deformity cases. Current literature has demonstrated the effectiveness of various techniques of lumbar fusion; however, comparative data of these techniques are limited.

下颌支矢状骨劈开术数字模型的建立及不同固定方式的稳定性分析

目的:建立下颌支矢状骨劈开术数字模型,探讨3种不同固定方式的应力及位移改变.方法:CT扫描数据导入三维重建软件Mimics以及Geomagic中,建立下颌骨三维实体模型,并进行矢状劈开、坚固内固定,ANSYS进行网格划分,建立三维有限元模型.边界约束后,进行双侧下颌第一磨牙咬合力(132 N)加载.结果:建立了双侧下颌支矢状骨劈开术3种不同固定方式三维有限元模型,获得术前下颌骨及矢状骨劈开后咬合力加载的应力及位移生物力学特点.结论:下颌支矢状骨劈开术倒L形固定应力分布最均匀,劈开处位移最小,与其他2种方式相比,其固定稳定性最佳.     

矢状窦、大脑镰旁脑膜瘤手术与继发性癫痫的控制及防治

目的分析继发性癫痫在矢状窦、大脑镰旁脑膜瘤中的发生机制及危害,探讨如何预防和减少肿瘤相关性癫痫的发生。方法回顾性分析自2011年3月~2016年6月我科住院手术的23例窦、镰旁脑膜瘤患者的临床资料,通过对比不同肿瘤特征的手术方法及继发性癫痫的发生情况。结果全部病例均手术治疗,其中肿瘤I级切除19例,II级切除4例。术前有癫痫发作7例,术后24小时癫痫发作1例,术后24小时~7天发生癫痫5例,2年内新增癫痫病例5例,3例部分运动性失语,4例出现对侧不同程度肢体偏瘫,卡方检验比较得出瘤周有无水肿(p=0.007)及术前有无使用抗癫痫药物(p=0.027)对术后继发性癫痫的发生具有影响。结论肿瘤相关性癫痫对窦、镰旁脑膜瘤患者术后危害极大,术前有癫痫病史的患者在围手术期应积极给予抗癫痫治疗,对于有明显瘤周水肿、术中脑挫伤、回流静脉损伤等高危患者术后应积极给予药物预防治疗。     

The relationship between cervical lordosis and Nurick scores in patients undergoing circumferential vs. posterior alone cervical decompression,instrumentation and fusion for treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy

The loss of regional cervical sagittal alignment and the progressive development of cervical kyphosis is a factor in the advancement of myelopathy. Adequate decompression of the spinal canal along with reestablishment of cervical lordosis are desired objective with regard to the surgical treatment of patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy. A retrospective chart review was conducted in which patients who underwent either a combined anterior/posterior instrumentation and decompression or a posterior alone instrumentation and decompression for the treatment of CSM at our institution were identified. Any patient undergoing operative intervention for trauma, infection or tumors were excluded. Similarly, patients undergoing posterior instrumentation with constructs extending beyond the level of C2–C7 were similarly excluded from this study. A total of 67 patients met the inclusion criteria for this study. A total of 32 patients underwent posterior alone surgery and the remaining 35 underwent combined anterior/posterior procedure. Radiographic evaluation of patient’s preoperative and postoperative cervical lordosis as measured by the C2–C7 Cobb angle was performed. Each patient’s preoperative and postoperative functional disability as enumerated by the Nurick score was also recorded. Statistical analysis was conducted to determine if there was a significant relationship between improvement in cervical lordosis and improvement in patient’s clinical outcomes as enumerated by the Nurick Score in patients undergoing posterior alone versus combined anterior/posterior decompression, instrumentation and fusion of the cervical spine.     

外侧入路16mm长钛钉固定髁突矢状骨折的临床应用

目的探讨从髁突外侧旋入优选长度钛钉固定治疗下颌骨髁突矢状骨折（SFMC）的临床方法及疗效。方法依据上下颌骨CT三维重建结果,对髁突矢状骨折内侧骨折片超过1/3髁突长的22例（28侧）,测量髁突内外侧径长度,根据测量结果,选择16mm长钛钉作为最佳长度,行髁突矢状骨折解剖复位后,从髁突外侧用3枚16mm长钛钉行平行固定,术后1、3、6个月进行临床和影像学复查。结果 22例（28侧）病例的髁突外形良好,钛钉无松动、脱落,下颌运动和功能满意,开口度≥3.5 cm;术后3例要求取出固定钛钉未能全部取出。结论髁突外侧入路长钛钉固定治疗髁突矢状骨折钉长16mm为优选长度,疗效确切,操作简单,省时,创伤小,术后3个月可以评价其效果。术后不必取出固定长钛钉,但是对于其与髁突增龄性变化的关系还有待进一步观察。     

Fatty infiltration of the cervical extensor musculature,cervical sagittal balance,and clinical outcomes: An analysis of operative adult cervical deformity patients

PurposeTo assess preliminary associations between fatty-infiltration (FI) of cervical spine extensor musculature, cervical sagittal balance, and clinical outcomes in cervical deformity (CD) patients.MethodsOperative CD patients (C2-C7 Cobb > 10°, CL > 10°, cSVA > 4 cm, or CBVA > 25°) with pre-operative (BL) MRIs and 1-year (1Y) post-operative MRIs or CTs were assessed for fatty-infiltration of cervical extensor musculature, using dedicated imaging software at each C2-C7 intervertebral level and the apex of deformity (apex). FI was gauged as a ratio of fat-free-muscle-cross-sectional-area (FCSA) over total-muscle-CSA (TCSA), with lower ratio values indicating greater FI. BL-1Y associations between FI, sagittal alignment, and clinical outcomes were assessed using appropriate parametric and non-parametric tests.Results22 patients were included (Age 59.22, 71.4%F, BMI 29.2, CCI:0.75, Frailty: 0.43). BL deformity presentation: TS-CL: 29.0°, C2-C7 Sagittal Cobb:-1.6°, cSVA:30.4 mm. No correlations were observed between BL fatty-infiltration, sagittal alignment, frailty, or clinical outcomes (p > 0.05). Following surgical correction, C2-C7 (BL: 0.59 vs 1Y:0.67, p = 0.005) and apex (BL: 0.59 vs. 1Y: 0.66, p = 0.33) fatty-infiltration decreased. Achievement of lordotic curvature correlated with C2-C7 fatty infiltration reduction (R_s: 0.495, p < 0.05), and patients with residual postoperative TS-CL and cSVA malalignment were associated with greater apex fatty-infiltration (R_s: −0.565, −0.561; p < 0.05). C2-C7 FI improvement was associated with NRS back pain reduction (R_s: −0.630, p < 0.05), and greater apex fatty-infiltration at BL was associated with minor perioperative complication occurrence (R_s: 0.551, p = 0.014).ConclusionsDeformity correction and sagittal balance appear to influence the reestablishment of cervical muscle tone from C2-C7 and reduction of back pain for severely frail CD patients. This analysis helps to understand cervical extensor musculature’s role amongst CD patients.     

Comparison of Sagittal Spinopelvic Alignment between Lumbar Degenerative Spondylolisthesis and Degenerative Spinal Stenosis

Objective

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the differences in sagittal spinopelvic alignment between lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis (DSPL) and degenerative spinal stenosis (DSS).

Methods

Seventy patients with DSPL and 72 patients with DSS who were treated with lumbar interbody fusion surgery were included in this study. The following spinopelvic parameters were measured on whole spine lateral radiographs in a standing position : pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS), lumbar lordosis angle (LL), L4-S1 segmental lumbar angle (SLL), thoracic kyphosis (TK), and sagittal vertical axis from the C7 plumb line (SVA). Two groups were subdivided by SVA value, respectively. Normal SVA subgroup and positive SVA subgroup were divided as SVA value (<50 mm and ≥50 mm). Spinopelvic parameters/PI ratios were assessed and compared between the groups.

Results

The PI of DSPL was significantly greater than that of DSS (p=0.000). The SVA of DSPL was significantly greater than that of DSS (p=0.001). In sub-group analysis between the positive (34.3%) and normal SVA (65.7%), there were significant differences in LL/PI and SLL/PI (p<0.05) in the DSPL group. In sub-group analysis between the positive (12.5%) and normal SVA (87.5%), there were significant differences in PT/PI, SS/PI, LL/PI and SLL/PI ratios (p<0.05) in the DSS group.

Conclusion

Patients with lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis have the propensity for sagittal imbalance and higher pelvic incidence compared with those with degenerative spinal stenosis. Sagittal imbalance in patients with DSPL is significantly correlated with the loss of lumbar lordosis, especially loss of segmental lumbar lordosis.     

Beta角评价前牙反患者颌骨矢状关系的准确性分析

目的探讨Beta角判断替牙期与恒牙期前牙反[牙合]患者颅面矢状关系的可靠程度。方法应用X线头颅定位侧位片,比较替牙期与恒牙期前牙反[牙合]患者的Beta角、ANB角、Wits值和APDI指数的差异,并进行相关性和变异程度分析。结果替牙期与恒牙期前牙反[牙合]患者Beta角间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;Beta角与ANB角、Wits值和APDI指数显著相关（P〈0．05）,但变异较ANB角和Wits值小,与APDI指数接近。结论Beta角可准确评价前牙反[牙合]患者的颌骨矢状关系。