脊柱后路去松质骨截骨术用于脊柱畸形翻修手术的安全性和有效性

目的 :探讨脊柱后路去松质骨截骨术(vertebral column decancellation,VCD)应用于脊柱畸形翻修手术中的安全性和有效性。方法:回顾性分析2010年1月~2012年1月在我院接受脊柱畸形翻修手术的20例患者的临床资料,年龄17~58岁(34.5±11.6岁),男12例,女8例。强直性脊柱炎后凸畸形6例,先天性半椎体后凸畸形4例,结核性脊柱侧后凸畸形4例,先天性侧后凸畸形3例,青少年特发性脊柱侧凸3例。翻修手术距初次手术时间为5.6±3.3年(1~16年)。翻修术前10例冠状面失衡患者冠状面Cobb角45°~85°(64.2°±15.6°),17例矢状面失衡患者矢状面畸形后凸Cobb角75°~110°(92.7°±9.7°)。均在插管全麻下行VCD进行畸形矫正。记录患者翻修手术时间、术中出血量及围手术期并发症等一般情况。所有患者翻修术前、术后1周及末次随访均拍摄包括骨盆的站立位脊柱全长正侧位X线片,测量脊柱矢状面、冠状面Cobb角,冠状位顶椎偏移距离、双肩相对高度差,矢状面偏移距离、矢状位腰前凸角、胸腰段后凸角、骨盆倾斜角、骨盆入射角及骶骨倾斜角。采用SRS-22调查表评估患者术前及术后6个月生存质量。结果 :均顺利完成手术,平均截骨椎体数量1.5±0.6个(1~2个)。手术时间为4~6.5h(5.3±0.7h),术中出血量为600~1300ml(830.0±150.5ml)。所有患者术中脊髓监测未发现在复位过程中有体感诱发电位(SEP)及运动诱发电位(MEP)异常变化,术中唤醒试验患者下肢运动感觉功能正常。术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合。3例发生脑脊液漏,2例后凸畸形患者术后并发肠系膜上动脉综合征,围手术期未发生感染、呼吸衰竭、下肢深静脉血栓等其他并发症。住院时间13.9±2.4d。随访时间18~40个月(27.6±2.8个月),随访期间未出现内固定棒断裂、螺钉松动及深部感染等并发症。冠状面和矢状面畸形获得良好矫正,术后1周冠状面和矢状面Cobb角分别矫正至15.7°±4.9°、28.7°±8.7°。术后1周脊柱冠状面和矢状面Cobb角、顶椎偏移距离及双肩相对高度差、矢状面偏移距离与翻修术前比较均明显变小(P0.05),末次随访时与术后1周比较无统计学差异(P0.05);脊柱-骨盆矢状面参数除骨盆入射角与术前比较无统计学差异(P0.05)外,腰前凸角、胸腰段后凸角、骨盆倾斜角及骶骨倾斜角与术前比较均有明显改善(P0.05)。术后1周冠状面Cobb角矫正率为(75.5±4.5)%,矢状面Cobb角矫正率为(63.5±5.7)%;末次随访时与术后1周比较,冠状面矫形丢失率为26.5%,矢状面矫形丢失率为34.1%。翻修术后6个月SRS-22量表功能、疼痛、外观、精神健康、满意度评分与翻修术前比较均明显增加(P0.05)。结论:VCD在脊柱畸形翻修手术中可重新恢复脊柱矢状面、冠状面的平衡和稳定,尤其在脊柱矢状面平衡的恢复中有良好的效果,同时可避免脊髓过度短缩、神经卡压等并发症,是一种较安全有效的补救措施。     

无症状中国年轻人颈椎矢状位曲度正常值及其与全脊柱平衡的关系

目的: 探讨无症状中国年轻人颈椎矢状位曲度的正常值及其与全脊柱平衡的关系。方法: 2011年11月—2014年12月招募并选择年龄18~30岁的志愿者行全脊柱侧位X线检查,在X线片上测量指标包括C₀-C₂角、从C₂-C₃到C₆-C₇的间盘角、从C₃到C₇的椎体角、T₁倾斜角、胸椎后凸角(thoracic kyphosis, TK)、腰椎前凸角(lumbar lordosis, LL)、骨盆入射角(pelvic incidence, PI)、骶骨倾斜角(sacral slope, SS)、C₂-C₇矢状轴向垂线(C₂-C₇ sagittal vertical axis, C₂-C₇SVA)、头重心至C₇的矢状位轴向垂线(center of gravity of head to C₇SVA, CGH-C₇SVA)、C₇到S₁的矢状位轴向垂线(C₇-S₁SVA)。依据脊柱骨盆矢状位形态进行Roussouly分型,比较不同Roussouly分型下的颈椎曲度及形态。结果: 共纳入126名志愿者参与研究,其中男性67名,女性59名,平均年龄(21.4±2.3)岁。C₀-C₇前凸角平均为26.0°±12.8°,其中C₀-C₂前凸角平均为15.2°±6.7°,C₂-C₃到C₆-C₇间盘前凸角总和平均为9.1°±12.1°,C₃到C₇的椎体前凸角总和平均仅为1.4°±10.2°。C₂-C₇SVA(18.6±7.9) mm和CGH-C₇SVA[(22.9±12.3) mm]由C₇-S₁SVA[(-21.6±31.0) mm]完美代偿。不同的Roussouly分型间颈椎曲度差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01)。颈椎曲度与T₁倾斜角(P < 0.01)、胸椎后凸角(P < 0.01)有显着相关性。从T₁倾斜角到C₀-C₂角,相邻节段间盘角之间存在显著相关性(P < 0.05)。结论: 测量并计算了无症状中国年轻人颈椎椎体角和间盘角的正常值,发现颈椎前凸主要发生在C₀-C₂和椎间盘水平,这些角度受到其他脊柱部位形态(T₁倾斜角、胸椎后凸角和Roussouly分型)的影响,且相邻间盘角之间存在显著的相关性。     

Range of motion of thoracic spine in sagittal plane

Study design

Imaging study of thoracic spine.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to investigate dynamic alignment and range of motion (ROM) at all segmental levels of thoracic spine.

Summary of background data

Thoracic spine is considered to have restricted ROM because of restriction by the rib cage. However, angular movements of thoracic spine can induce thoracic compressive myelopathy in some patients. Although few previous studies have reported segmental ROM with regard to sagittal plane, these were based on cadaver specimens. No study has reported normal functional ROM of thoracic spine.

Methods

Fifty patients with cervical or lumbar spinal disease but neither thoracic spinal disease nor compression fracture were enrolled prospectively in this study (34 males, 16 females; mean age 55.4 ± 14.7 years; range 27–81 years). After preoperative myelography, multidetector-row computed tomography scanning was performed at passive maximum flexion and extension position. Total and segmental thoracic kyphotic angles were measured and ROM calculated.

Results

Total kyphotic angle (T1/L1) was 40.2° ± 11.4° and 8.5° ± 12.8° in flexion and extension, respectively (P < 0.0001). The apex of the kyphotic angle was at T6/7 in flexion. Total ROM (T1/L1) was 31.7° ± 11.3°. Segmental ROM decreased from T1/2 to T4/5 but increased gradually from T4/5 to T12/L1. Maximum ROM was at T12/L1 (4.2° ± 2.1°) and minimum at T4/5 (0.9° ± 3.0°).

Conclusions

Thoracic spine showed ROM in sagittal plane, despite being considered a stable region. These findings offer useful information in the diagnosis and selection of surgical intervention in thoracic spinal disease.     

Two-level pedicle subtraction osteotomy for severe thoracolumbar kyphotic deformity in ankylosing spondylitis

Study design

A retrospective clinical study.

Objective

To evaluate the outcomes of two-level (T12 and L3) pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) for severe thoracolumbar kyphosis in ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and to discuss the surgical strategies of this surgery.

Background

Cases were limited on the results of two-level PSO for correction of severe kyphosis caused by AS, nor on surgical strategies of this type of surgery.

Methods

From March 2006 to December 2010, nine consecutive AS patients with severe kyphotic deformity, underwent T12 and L3 PSOs. Chin-brow vertical angle (CBVA) and radiographic assessments which contain thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL), global kyphosis (GK), and sagittal vertical axis were carefully recorded pre and postoperatively to evaluate the sagittal balance. Intra and postoperative complications were also registered. All patients were asked to fill out Oswestry Disability Index before surgery and at the last follow-up visit.

Results

All nine patients (8M/1F), averaged 41.4 years old (range 35–51 years), were received two-level (T12 and L3) PSO, and were followed up after surgery for a mean of 39.9 months (range 24–68 months). Good cosmetic results were achieved in all patients. Mean correction at two-level PSO was 67.9 ± 5.5°. All CBVA, TK, LL, and GK were changed significantly after surgery (P < 0.05), the mean amount of correction of which were 59.5 ± 13.8, 34.7 ± 3.8, 33.2 ± 2.4, and 54.0 ± 14.8 degrees, respectively, and with a small loss of correction at the last follow-up visit. Sagittal imbalance was significantly improved from 27.3 ± 4.4 to 3.4 ± 0.7 cm postoperatively. Neither mortalities nor any major neurological complications were found. The mean ODI score was significantly improved from 53.4 ± 15.5 before surgery to 8.2 ± 4.7 at the last visit.

Conclusion

The outcomes of follow-up showed that two-level (T12 and L3) PSO can effectively and safely correct severe thoracolumbar kyphosis in AS.     

Comparison of Sagittal Spinopelvic Alignment between Lumbar Degenerative Spondylolisthesis and Degenerative Spinal Stenosis

Objective

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the differences in sagittal spinopelvic alignment between lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis (DSPL) and degenerative spinal stenosis (DSS).

Methods

Seventy patients with DSPL and 72 patients with DSS who were treated with lumbar interbody fusion surgery were included in this study. The following spinopelvic parameters were measured on whole spine lateral radiographs in a standing position : pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS), lumbar lordosis angle (LL), L4-S1 segmental lumbar angle (SLL), thoracic kyphosis (TK), and sagittal vertical axis from the C7 plumb line (SVA). Two groups were subdivided by SVA value, respectively. Normal SVA subgroup and positive SVA subgroup were divided as SVA value (<50 mm and ≥50 mm). Spinopelvic parameters/PI ratios were assessed and compared between the groups.

Results

The PI of DSPL was significantly greater than that of DSS (p=0.000). The SVA of DSPL was significantly greater than that of DSS (p=0.001). In sub-group analysis between the positive (34.3%) and normal SVA (65.7%), there were significant differences in LL/PI and SLL/PI (p<0.05) in the DSPL group. In sub-group analysis between the positive (12.5%) and normal SVA (87.5%), there were significant differences in PT/PI, SS/PI, LL/PI and SLL/PI ratios (p<0.05) in the DSS group.

Conclusion

Patients with lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis have the propensity for sagittal imbalance and higher pelvic incidence compared with those with degenerative spinal stenosis. Sagittal imbalance in patients with DSPL is significantly correlated with the loss of lumbar lordosis, especially loss of segmental lumbar lordosis.     

终末期原发髋关节骨关节炎患者脊柱-骨盆矢状面形态异常及其与腰痛关系的初步研究

目的探讨终末期原发髋关节骨关节炎（HOA）患者在脊柱-骨盆矢状面上的形态与伴随的腰痛症状的关系。方法收集46例HOA患者及55例正常对照的立位全脊柱侧位X线片,测量腰椎前凸角（LL）、骶骨倾斜角（SS）、骨盆倾斜角（PT）、骨盆投射角（PI）、脊柱骶骨角（SSA）、脊柱前倾角（ST）;将HOA患者根据是否存在腰痛分为无腰痛组（23例）和有腰痛组（23例）,对后者的腰痛进行评分（VAS）。应用独立样本的t检验比较HOA患者与正常人的各个参数,并采用非参数检验比较HOA亚组间及其与正常对照的差异;将HOA患者的各个参数与VAS评分进行相关性分析。结果原发性HOA组和正常人组的年龄及性别分布无统计学差异,两组的LL分别为（45.2°±17.3°和51.1°±8.5°,t=-2.627,P〈0.05）;ST分别为（87.8°±8.3°和94.5°±3.0°,t=-6.652,P〈0.01）,组间差异有统计学意义,两组间的SS、PT、PI及SSA无统计学差异。与正常对照组相比,HOA腰痛组的LL（39.4°±19.47°,t=-4.260,P〈0.05）、SSA（121.5°±13.5°,t=-3.287,P〈0.05）和ST（87.6°±8.0°,t=-6.478,P〈0.05）均明显偏小,差异有统计学意义;而无腰痛组的SS（42.1°±11.1°,t=3.496,P〈0.05）明显偏大、PT（10.3°±8.8°,t=-2.466,P〈0.05）及ST（88.1°±8.8°,t=-5.678,P〈0.05）明显偏小,差异有统计学意义,其他参数间无明显差异。相关性分析显示HOA患者的腰痛VAS评分与LL、SS、PT之间存在明显相关性（P〈0.05）。结论 HOA患者存在脊柱-骨盆的矢状面形态异常,表现为较正常人腰椎前凸减小、脊柱前倾增加。与正常对照相比,无腰痛HOA患者骨盆及脊柱均前倾,但腰椎前凸无明显减小;有腰痛的HOA患者骨盆无明显前倾,但腰椎前凸减小,脊柱前倾增加。这些结果表明HOA患者的腰痛可能与其腰椎矢状面形态改变存在一定的联系。     

Clinical and radiological outcomes after treatment of sagittal fracture of mandibular condyle (SFMC) by using occlusal splint in children

This study was designed to investigate the effects of occlusal splints in the treatment of sagittal fractures of the mandibular condyle in children. From January 1995 to December 2011, 37 sagittal fractures of the mandibular condyle in 30 patients aged 4–8 years old were included in this study. All the patients were treated with 1–2 mm occlusal splints in the molar region. The mouths of the patients were kept slightly open by the occlusal splints for 3–6 months, and we reviewed the clinical and radiological remodelling of the affected condyles after treatment. Excellent (n = 20) and good (n = 10) clinical outcomes were achieved with full radiological remodelling seen in 19 and partial remodelling in 11. Treatment with occlusal splints is effective in delivering good results and function with minimal morbidity in children with sagittal fractures of the condyle, while permitting ongoing remodelling and growth in the short term.     

Management of superolateral dislocation of the mandibular condyle: A retrospective study of 10 cases

IntroductionSuperolateral dislocation of the mandibular condyle (SDMC) is rarely described. The best treatment for superolateral dislocation of the fractured mandibular condyle (SDMC) is debated. This study investigated selection of the timing and techniques used in treating these fractures.Patients and methodsA retrospective clinical study was conducted on clinical data from 10 SDMC patients. Maximum mouth opening and occlusal relationships were compared following treatment using different techniques.ResultsThe 10 patients were followed for 6–25 months. Patients who had dislocation for less than 1 week had condylar reduction and rigid internal fixation of the fractures.Mandibular sagittal split ramus osteotomy and articular reduction and fixation were performed in seven cases. Postoperative mouth opening and occlusal relationships were satisfactory in all patients with the exception of one case with mouth opening of only 27 mm.ConclusionsFor all patients with superolateral dislocation, our first approach was to reduce the bone stump through surgery. When the dislocated joint had become adherent to the surrounding tissues and ankylosis developed, mandibular sagittal split ramus osteotomy was performed with good results.     

CBCT测量牙槽弓长度的初步探究

目的：运用CBCT测量分析下牙槽弓的长度,并初步评价不同矢状骨面型患者下牙槽弓长度的差异。方法：随机选择未经正畸治疗的成年女性患者68人,拍摄术前CBCT,运用NNT分析软件模拟头颅侧位片与曲面断层片,比较运用曲面断层片与原始石膏模型所测下牙槽弓长度差异,并根据模拟头颅侧位片头影测量结果分析骨性I、Ⅱ及Ⅲ类患者牙槽弓长度的差异。结果：CBCT模拟曲面断层片与石膏模型测量牙槽弓长度无明显差异（P〈O．05）;骨性III类组患者下颌牙槽弓长度比骨性I类组明显较长（P〈O．05）;骨性Ⅱ类组患者下颌牙槽弓长度较骨性I类组较短,但两组差异无统计学意义（P=0．068）。结论：运用CBCT模拟曲面断层片进行牙槽弓长度测量是一种可行的方法;与骨性I类患者相比,骨性Ⅲ类患者常存在一个较长下颌牙槽弓,骨性II类患者下颌牙槽弓长度无明显减小。     

Sagittal abdominal diameter and waist circumference appear to be equally good as identifiers of cardiometabolic risk

Background and aimsBody mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) are commonly used markers of cardiometabolic risk. However, sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) has been proposed as a possibly more sensitive marker of intra-abdominal obesity. We investigated differences in how SAD, WC, and BMI were correlated with cardiometabolic risk markers.Methods and resultsThis cross-sectional study investigated anthropometric and metabolic baseline measurements of individuals from six trials. Multiple linear regression and (partial) correlation coefficients were used to investigate associations between SAD, WC, and BMI and cardiometabolic risk markers, including components of the metabolic syndrome as well as insulin resistance, blood lipids, and lowgrade inflammation.In total 1516 mostly overweight or obese individuals were included in the study. SAD was significantly more correlated with TG than WC for all studies, and overall increase in correlation was 0.05 (95% CI (0.02; 0.08). SAD was significantly more correlated with the markers TG and DBP 0.11 (95% CI (0.08, 0.14)) and 0.04 (95% CI (0.006, 0.07), respectively compared to BMI across all or most studies.ConclusionThis study showed that no single anthropometric indicator was consistently more strongly correlated across all markers of cardiometabolic risk. However, SAD was significantly more strongly correlated with TG than WC and significantly more strongly correlated with DBP and TG than BMI.