Favorable outcome after radical excision of a 'Holocord' astrocytoma

We report a favorable outcome following a staged radical excision of an intramedullary low-grade astrocytoma involving the entire spinal cord in a pediatric patient. Although the preoperative neurological status was poor, the eventual outcome was good. This highlights the importance of a good tumor-cord interface that permitted a radical excision of an extensive tumor. Since partial excision followed by radiotherapy usually results in disease progression in patients with low-grade astrocytomas, radical excision and follow-up is probably the treatment of choice.     

经腹扩大食管裂孔在近侧部胃癌根治术的应用

目的探讨经上腹正中延长切口扩大食管裂孔方法在近侧部胃癌根治术的应用效果。方法对1997年￣2004年52例近侧部胃癌经腹扩大食管裂孔行根治切除术的病例进行回顾性总结分析。结果52例中无手术死亡,食管断端无癌残留,无吻合口瘘等术后近期并发症。结论经上腹延长切口扩大食管裂孔行近侧部胃癌根治术,创伤小,食管下段切除充分,操作较简单,有实用价值。     

硬膜外阻滞加静吸复合麻醉对腹腔镜结肠癌根治术应激反应的影响

目的评价硬膜外阻滞加静吸复合麻醉对腹腔镜结肠癌根治术应激反应的影响。方法28例择期行腹腔镜结肠癌根治术的患者,随机分为硬膜外阻滞加静吸复合麻醉组(GE组)和单纯静吸复合全麻组(G组),每组各14例。分别监测人工气腹前和气腹后1、2、3h的MAP、ECG、HR、SpO2及PETCO2的情况,并同时进行血气分析和血肾上腺素(E)及去甲肾上腺素(NE)浓度的测定。结果于气腹后1、2、3h时,E和NE值两组均较气腹前升高,但G组升高尤为显著(P<0.05),而组间比较,GE组明显低于G组(P<0.05);G组MAP、HR均较气腹前升高(P<0.05),GE组HR较气腹前降低(P<0.05),而组间比较,MAP、HR差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);PaCO2值与气腹前比较两组差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);而气腹后3hpH值低于正常值,与气腹前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论硬膜外阻滞加静吸复合麻醉可有效地抑制腹腔镜结肠癌根治术中因较长时间气腹所引起的应激反应。     

膀胱全切乙状结肠去带膀胱术的心理护理与康复指导

目的 探讨膀胱全切乙状结肠去带膀胱术的心理护理与康复指导要点.方法 收治10例浸润性膀胱癌患者,术前对患者进行充分的心理护理,使配合膀胱全切乙状结肠去带膀胱术围手术期的各项处理;术后早期对患者行新膀胱功能训练、饮食指引等康复指导,随访观察手术的疗效.结果 所有手术均取得成功,术中无并发症发生;随访3～16个月,患者新膀胱功能良好,无尿道狭窄等明显并发症,所有患者白天可完全控制排尿.结论 术前耐心细致的心理护理结合术后早期正确的新膀胱功能训练康复指导是保证手术疗效、减少并发症的护理关键.     

经腹根治性宫颈切除术4例临床体会

目的探讨可保留生育功能的经腹根治性宫颈切除术的临床疗效。方法为4例希望保留子宫功能的宫颈病变患者实施经腹根治性宫颈切除术。结果4例患者术后均恢复月经,术后随诊情况良好。结论经腹根治性宫颈切除术可以保留宫颈病变患者子宫的功能,但其生存率是否与传统方法相近,需进一步临床观察研究。     

Psychosocial effect of mastectomy versus conservative surgery in patients with early breast cancer

Purpose To compare the quality-of-life (QoL) and psycho-social changes in a group of patients with early breast cancer who underwent conservative surgery (BCS) or modified radical mastectomy (MRM). Methods Self-administered questionnaire assessing body image perception, social habits, sexual attraction and self-consciousness with relatives/friends, was randomly assigned to 125 patients (61 BCS, 64 MRM; aged 53±8 and 50±9 years, respectively, p=NS). Results MRM patients reported a significantly higher frequency of changes in body image perception and other related social behaviour such as avoiding going to the beach or using low-cut clothes, and reticence with friends. Conversely, no differences were found regarding sexuality, denial of the disease by the husband/partner, or concealing the disease from family members. Also, no significant differences were found between patients above and below the age of 50 years, for all variables studied after adjustment for surgical procedure. Conclusions Modified radical mastectomy has a negative effect on body image perception and in social behaviour patterns of patients and with a concomitant decrease in QoL. The sexuality of the patient is not significantly affected.     

射束方向视图下部分切乳腺的调强方法在左乳腺癌改良根治术后放疗的剂量学研究

目的 研究采用在射束方向视图（BEV）下部分切乳腺（BEV射野设计调强方法，B-IMRT）的调强方法进行左乳腺癌改良根治术后胸壁放疗的剂量学特点。方法 对2020年5月—2020年11月在聊城市人民医院进行放疗的13例左乳腺癌改良根治术后患者，分别用BEV射野设计调强方法（B-IMRT）和切线野调强方法（T-IMRT）进行计划设计。比较2种计划在计划靶区的平均剂量、适形度指数、均匀性指数方面以及左侧肺、心脏的各项剂量体积参数上的差异。结果 B-IMRT计划较T-IMRT计划在计划靶区的适形性和均匀性上均有所改善，具有统计学差异（P < 0.05），靶区平均剂量相近。B-IMRT计划较T-IMRT计划在左侧肺的V₅、V₁₀、V₂₀、V₃₀、D_mean，心脏的V₅、V₁₀、V₃₀、D_mean剂量体积参数上均有所下降，具有统计学差异（P < 0.05）。B-IMRT计划较T-IMRT计划在患侧肺的V₅上减少了T-IMRT计划的9.23%，V₁₀上减少了13.29%，V₂₀上减少了9.54%，V₃₀上减少了8.28%，D_mean上减少了10.35%；在心脏的V₅上减少了T-IMRT计划27.62%，V₁₀上减少了29.72%，V₃₀上减少了21.45%，D_mean上减少了24.88%。结论 B-IMRT计划较T-IMRT计划在靶区剂量的适形度CI、均匀性HI上均有较好的剂量学优势（P < 0.05），而且在降低心肺的照射剂量和照射体积方面优势明显（P < 0.05）。     

Current aspects of therapeutic reduction mammaplasty for immediate early breast cancer management: An update

Breast-conservation surgery (BCS) is established as a safe surgical treatment for most patients with early breast cancer. Recently, advances in oncoplastic techniques are capable of preserving the breast form and quality of life. Although most BCS defects can be managed with primary closure, the aesthetic outcome may be unpredictable. Among technical options, therapeutic reduction mammaplasty (TRM) remains a useful procedure since the BCS defect can be repaired and the preoperative appearance can be improved, resulting in more proportional breasts. As a consequence of rich breast tissue vascularization, the greater part of reduction techniques have based their planning on preserving the pedicle of the nipple-areola complex after tumor removal. Reliable circulation and improvement of a conical shape to the breast are commonly described in TRM reconstructions. With an immediate approach, the surgical process is smooth since both procedures can be carried out in one operative setting. Additionally, it permits wider excision of the tumor, with a superior mean volume of the specimen and potentially reduces the incidence of margin involvement. Regardless of the fact that there is no consensus concerning the best TRM technique, the criteria is determined by the surgeon’s experience, the extent/location of glandular tissue resection and the size of the defect in relation to the size of the remaining breast. The main advantages of the technique utilized should include reproducibility, low interference with the oncological treatment and long-term results. The success of the procedure depends on patient selection, coordinated planning and careful intra-operative management.