Structure function interface with sequential shortening of basal and apical components of the myocardial band

Objective: To mechanically test the intact cardiac structure to determine the sequence of contraction within the myocardial mass to try to explain ejection and suction. Methods: In 24 pigs (30–85 kg), segment shortening at the site of sonomicrometer crystals was continuously recorded. The ECG evaluated rhythm, and Millar pressure transducers measured intraventricular pressure and dP/dt. Results: Study of segment shortening defined a sequence of contraction within the myocardial mass, starting at the free wall of the right ventricle and on the endocardial side of the antero-septal wall of the left. Crystal location defined underlying contractile trajectory; transverse in right ventricle followed by basal posterior left ventricle, and from the endocardial anterior wall to the posterior apical segment and finally to the epicardial side of the anterior wall. Mean shortening fraction averaged 18±3%, with endocardial exceeding epicardial shortening by 5±1%. Epicardial segment crystal displacement followed endocardial shortening by 82±23 ms in the anterior wall, and finished 92±33 ms after endocardial shortening stopped, time frame that matches the interval of fast drop of ventricular pressure and the start of suction. Conclusions: Crystal shortening fraction sequence followed the rope-like myocardial band model to contradict traditional thinking, with two starting points of excitation–contraction, the right anterior free wall of the right ventricle, and the endocardial side of the anterior wall. Active suction may be due to active shortening of the epicardial fibers of the anterior wall, because relaxation was not detected when both mitral and aortic valves were closed during the interval previously termed ‘isovolumetric relaxation’.     

尾状叶门静脉解剖结构研究

[目的 ]利用经动脉性门静脉造影CT(CTAP)重建门静脉及肝静脉三维结构 ,观察生理状态下的尾状叶门静脉的分支形式 .[方法 ]使用regiongrowing法重建门静脉及肝静脉的三维结构 ,把门静脉0 1次分支分出 ,分布于Spigel叶以及下腔静脉周围肝实质的门静脉支为尾状叶的门静脉 ,以左、中、右肝静脉为界 ,将下腔静脉周围分成左肝静脉的左侧部分、左肝静脉的右侧部分、右肝静脉的左侧部分及右肝静脉的右侧部分 ,观察尾状叶的门静脉在下腔静脉周围肝实质内的分支形式 .[结果 ]下腔静脉周边的尾状叶门静脉支为每例 2～ 5支 ,平均 4支 ;下腔静脉周围尾状叶门静脉支的出现率为左肝静脉的左侧部分为 10 0 % ,左肝静脉的右侧部分为 32 % ,右肝静脉的左侧部分为 80 % ,右肝静脉的右侧部分为2 7% .[结论 ]下腔静脉周围存在尾状叶 ,其门静脉支围绕着下腔静脉分布     

肝动脉解剖变异在中晚期肝癌介入治疗中的意义

目的 探讨放射学肝动脉解剖变异及其在中晚期肝癌介入导管治疗中的临床意义。方法 回顾性分析125例中晚期肝癌肝动脉造影表现及其介入治疗资料。结果 125例中107例(85．6％)有典型肝动脉分布。肝动脉变异18例(14．4％)，其中肝右动脉变异10例(8％)，而又以肝右动脉始于肠系膜上动脉者最多，占6．4％。副肝左动脉变异1例(0．8％)。肝左动脉和肝右动脉同时变异2例(1．6％)。肝总动脉变异3例(2．4％)。胃十二指肠动脉起自肝右动脉和腹腔动脉各1例(1．6％)。对123例成功进行了肝动脉化疗栓塞，2例肝右动脉变异因角度关系超选插管未成功。结论 认识肝动脉解剖变异有助于提高插管的成功率和中晚期肝癌的介入治疗疗效。     

中鼻道及其周围结构的解剖学观测

目的　探讨临床上经上颌窦口进入上颌窦诊疗的途径。方法　在 40例成人尸体颅矢状切面上 ,对中鼻道、半月裂孔、上颌窦口及其周围结构进行解剖学观测及上颌窦口的探针插入试验。结果　中鼻道、半月裂孔的长度分别为5 6.3 6± 2 .5 8mm、2 1.46± 1.79mm ;40例中 ,2 8侧 (70 .0 0 % )的上颌窦口位于半月裂孔的中 1/3部 ;12侧 (3 0 .0 0 % )的上颌窦口位于半月裂孔的后 1/3部。上颌窦口的形态不一。上颌窦口的前后径为 3 .14± 0 .47mm。上颌窦口距鼻腔底部、鼻小柱的距离分别为 3 0 .41± 2 .85mm、49.5 2± 2 .3 7mm。鼻小柱到上颌窦口与到鼻腔基底面连线的夹角为 40 .2± 3 .7°。 3 7侧 (92 .5 0 % )的上颌窦口能用直径≤ 2 .5mm的探针穿过。结论　经上颌窦自然开口行上颌窦口穿刺是安全、简便和有效的一种诊治方法。     

端脑髓突的断面解剖学观测

目的：通过对端脑髓突支数及其分支的研究，探讨端脑髓突与脑回的对应关系，指导脑回的医学影像学定位。材料与方法：随机采用３０个颅脑标本，经ＣＴ扫描后锯切出相应断面，结合断面标本及其相应的ＣＴ影像表现对端脑髓突进行综合观测。结果：端脑髓突清晰而易于辨认，各髓突对应相应的脑回皮质。端脑髓突的支数在不同端脑层面上明显变化，但侧别差异无显著性意义。结论：只有熟悉端脑髓突的支数及其分支等情况，才能认准端脑髓突，     

人右心室肌纤维方向的解剖

对１１个人心标本沿右心室流入道和流出道各壁长轴纵行切开，再将各壁横切为上、中、下３份，各份按１ｍｍ厚度逐层切开，观察其各层肌纤维方向的角度并绘成坐标图。结果表明，右心室流入、流出道游离壁的肌纤维方向由浅入深基本上是渐变的。流入道游离壁的下１／３和流出道的上１／３，浅中层与内层之间可有纤维方向的突变。流入道隔壁的纤维方向从右向左逐渐移行，偶在左、右室内膜面有方向的改变。流出道右室面的中上部有一纤维方向变动较大的层次。对右心室各壁肌纤维方向的排列特或、分层、功能及其临床意义进行了探讨。     

Various types of suprameatal spines and depressions in the human temporal bone

Since it covers the lateral wall of the mastoid air system, the suprameatal triangle is of importance to otologic surgeons during mastoidectomy. Because of this clinical importance, topographic anatomy of the suprameatal spine and depression was studied on Anatolian skulls. In all, 363 male and 231 female skulls were studied. The most prevalent type of suprameatal spine resembled a crest and was found in both sexes on the right (77.6%) and left (80%) sides. The absence of a suprameatal depression was significantly higher in females (right 9.1%; left 8.7%) than in males (right 1.7%; left 2.5%). Suprameatal depressions were mostly shallow in female subjects, but were mostly observed in males to be at a medium depth or deep. Received: 5 January 1998 / Accepted: 19 March 1998     

股薄肌的应用解剖学研究

目的：为带血管神经蒂游离移植股薄肌提供解剖学基础。方法：对64侧成人下肢股薄肌的主要血管支配、神经来源、血管蒂长度和入肌部位等进行解剖学观察。结果：股薄肌的主要血管起于股深动脉占90．63％．神经支配为闭孔神经前支。入肌部位在股薄肌中上1／3交界处前缘深面。结论：股薄肌动脉、静脉、神经的行程较为衡定和集中．肌肉位置表浅，便于切取．是临床上理想的供肌。     

小牛胸腰椎解剖、生物力学研究及其临床意义

目的　测量小牛胸腰椎相关解剖数据并测试其生物力学性能 ,探讨其作为胸腰椎前路内固定模型的可行性。方法　采集 1周以内的新鲜小牛胸腰椎脊柱标本 2 0具 ,测量椎体及椎间盘的最大横径、矢状径和前部高度。测试屈曲、伸展、侧屈及扭转状态下的载荷 -应变、载荷 -位移关系以及最大载荷时的应力强度及轴向刚度 ,并进行极限力学性能测试。结果　小牛胸腰椎椎体及椎间盘矢径、横径、高度自T10 至L5逐渐递增 ,椎体横径与矢径之比约为 1∶1,其T10 ～L5段椎间盘高度之和与椎体高度比值为 1∶0 .9。小牛胸腰椎载荷 -应变及载荷 -位移关系呈线性变化 ,生理载荷下屈曲、伸展及侧屈状态下的应力强度分别为 (2 .86± 0 .2 4 )N/mm2 ,(2 .17± 0 .2 0 )N/mm2 ,(5 .2 9± 0 .5 0 )N/mm2 。屈曲、伸展、侧屈及扭转状态下的轴向刚度分别为 (37.13± 4 .30 )N/mm ,(35 .38± 4 .2 0 )N/mm ,(34.5 6± 4 .2 0 )N/mm ,(5 1.6 9± 1.6 2 )N/mm。结论　小牛胸腰椎形态及大小可满足前路内固定模型的需要 ,以小牛标本作为体外非破坏性生物力学实验模型具有可行性。     

Fourier components of inhomogeneously broadened water resonances in breast: a new source of MRI contrast.

High spectral and spatial resolution (HiSS) MR data were acquired at 1.5 T using echo-planar spectroscopic imaging from patients with suspicious breast lesions. The water resonances in small voxels are inhomogenously broadened and often have distinct components. Images were calculated with intensity proportional to the Fourier components of the water resonance in each voxel at different offsets from the peak frequency. The results demonstrate that in breast the off-peak Fourier component images of water are qualitatively different from those derived from the peak height of the water resonance. These differences most likely reflect underlying anatomy or physiology. In conventional images, the superposition of the various Fourier components of the water signal may cause loss of detail. The synthesis of water Fourier component images from high spectral and spatial resolution data may provide a new form of contrast, and increase sensitivity to subvoxel physiology and anatomy.