颅后窝内外面有关骨性结构的应用解剖学研究

目的:研究与斜坡区、桥小脑角区、及颈静脉孔外侧区手术入路有关的骨性结构,探讨其定位解剖和临床意义。方法:20具干性成人头颅标本,移去颅盖骨,观察、测量颅后窝内外面有关骨性结构。结果:硬脑膜窦角(STP)点距内耳门距离左侧(32.99±2.72)mm、右侧(37.84±2.58)mm,距颈静脉孔距离左侧(35.27±3.25)mm、右侧(34.63±3.25)mm。颈静脉孔上方约5mm为内耳门,下方约20mm为舌下神经管内口,前方为斜坡区。内耳门、颈静脉孔、舌下神经管内口三者近似在一条直线上。乳突尖距颈静脉孔距离左侧(22.62±1.90)mm、右侧(22.33±2.30)mm,距枕髁后外缘距离左侧(29.42±2.15)mm、右侧(29.08±2.29)mm,距枕大孔距离左侧(39.39±2.03)mm、右侧(38.47±1.96)mm。结论:STP点、颈静脉孔、内耳门是颅后窝内面重要骨性结构,乳突是颅后窝底外侧一个重要骨性标志结构;STP点、内耳门、颈静脉孔、乳突尖可作为颅后窝手术重要的定位标志。     

Vestibulo-ocular reflex from the posterior canal nerve to extraocular motoneurons in the cat

Summary In the anesthetized cat, the posterior canal nerve (PCN) was stimulated by electric pulses and synaptic responses were recorded intracellularly in the three antagonistic pairs of extraocular motoneurons. Pure reciprocal effects were obtained in the motoneurons innervating the antagonistic pair of ipsilateral oblique muscles and the antagonistic pair of contralateral vertical rectus muscles. These responses consisted of low threshold disynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in either the contralateral superior oblique (c-SO) (trochlear) or contralateral inferior rectus (c-IR) motoneurons and of disynaptic inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) in either the ipsilateral inferior oblique (i-IO) or ipsilateral superior rectus (i-SR) motoneurons. In addition, disynaptic IPSPs were also found in (i-SO) motoneurons. Mixtures of low threshold (dior trisynaptic) EPSPs and IPSPs were found in all other extraocular motoneurons except for the contralateral lateral rectus (c-LR) motoneurons. These results may afford a basis for the characteristic eye movements induced by vertical canal nerve stimulation.     

Intracranial course and relations of the hypoglossal nerve: An anatomic study

This anatomic study describes the course and intracranial relations of the hypoglossal n. in 32 cadavers. The rootlets of the nerve emerged as a fan-shaped distribution (23.44%) or in two bundles (76.56%) and converged towards the hypoglossal canal in the subarachnoid space before piercing the dura mater. In 76.57% of cases the rootlets pierced the dura mater in two separate apertures, less commonly through the same aperture (21.87%), and in rare cases through three individual apertures, as in one of our cases. The distance between the two apertures varied from 0.6 mm to 8.7 mm. Commonly, the two bundles converged together and left the skull through one foramen in the skull. However, in some cases (28.12%), the hypoglossal canal was divided in two by a small bony spicule. In 23.45% of cases the initial course of the posterior inferior cerebellar a. (PICA) passed between the two bundles of the hypoglossal n. before ascending towards the lateral border of the fourth ventricle.     

斜外侧入路与后入路椎体融合术治疗腰椎退行性疾病临床疗效的Meta分析

目的 系统性对比评价斜外侧入路椎间融合术(OLIF)与后入路椎体融合术(PLIF)在治疗腰椎退行性疾病中的临床疗效。方法 在中国知网数据库、万方数据库、维普数据库以及PubMed数据库、Cochrane数据库,以“斜外侧椎间融合术”“后入路椎间融合术”和 “oblique lumbar interbody fusion” “oblique lateral interbody fusion” “anterior to psoas” “posterior lumbar interbody fusion”为关键词,计算机检索2010年1月-2019年9月国内外已发表关于OLIF与PLIF对比的病例对照研究或随机对照研究的中英文文献,严格评价文献质量,并提取相关数据,运用RevMan 5.3软件对手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)、椎间隙高度(IDH)、腰椎前凸角(LL),以及手术并发症情况进行Meta分析。结果 纳入10篇研究共580例患者,其中经OLIF手术276例,经PLIF手术304例。1项随机对照研究,Cochrane偏倚风险评估为低风险;9项病例对照研究纽卡斯尔-渥太华评分(NOS),其中高质量6项、较高质量3项。Meta分析结果显示,OLIF较PLIF平均手术时间短(WMD=-84.02,95% CI -118.29～-49.74,P＜0.01),平均术中出血量少(WMD=-269.12, 95% CI -319.84～-218.41,P＜0.01),平均住院时间短(WMD=-3.29, 95% CI -4.70～-1.89, P＜0.01),术后IDH恢复更高(WMD=1.11, 95% CI 0.44～1.77, P＜0.01),差异均有统计学意义;而术后ODI(WMD=0.16, 95% CI -1.98～2.30, P＞0.05)、VAS(WMD=0.02, 95% CI -0.52～0.56, P＞0.05)、LL(WMD=0.77, 95% CI -0.40～1.94, P＞0.05)、并发症发生情况(OR=0.91, 95% CI 0.50～1.64, P＞0.05),OLIF和PLIF比较差异均无统计学意义。结论 OLIF与PLIF应用于椎体间融合术均能取得良好的临床疗效,但OLIF手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间更低,术后IDH恢复更高,有更大优势。     

全髋关节置换术治疗强直性髋关节炎

[摘要] 目的 探讨全髋关节置换术治疗强直性髋关节炎的疗效与治疗体会。方法 我院关节科2007年3月~2013年3月共运用全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎患者并发的强直性髋关节炎56例（96髋），男55例，女1例，年龄（18~42）岁，平均25.6岁，其中髋关节骨性融合34髋，纤维融合62髋。病程（5.8~27.6）年，56例患者中贫血21例，其中轻度贫血14例。伴随骨质疏松34例。除去3例失败患者，纳入53例（92髋）进行术前及术后1年的评估，比较术前及术后1年的变化，并观察强直性髋关节炎进行置换的影响因素。结果 本组患者均运用我院关节科电子随访病例系统进行跟踪随访并进行功能评定。随访时间（1.4~7.2）年，平均3.7年。随访的53例（92髋）患者术前髋关节总活动度平均（36.2±12.1）°，Harris评分平均（23.2±10.2）分；术后1年髋关节总活动度平均（183.4±17.6）度，Harris评分平均（78.6±6.9）分；髋关节总活动度术后1年与术前比较（P<0.01），Harris评分术后1年与术前比较（P<0.01），差异均有统计学意义。3例失败病例中1例松动，1例脱位，1例感染，松动和感染病例进行了翻修术，脱位病例进行了复位，目前随访均良好。结论 强直性髋关节炎行全髋关节置换时全面的评估和精湛的技术是手术成功的关键。     

Retrieval and clinical analysis of distraction-based dual growing rod constructs for early-onset scoliosis

Background Context

Growing rod constructs are an important contribution for treating patients with early-onset scoliosis. These devices experience high failure rates, including rod fractures.

Risk of cement leakage and pulmonary embolism by bone cement-augmented pedicle screw fixation of the thoracolumbar spine

Background

Cement-augmented pedicle screw instrumentation (CAPSI) of the thoracolumbar spine is indicated in osteoporosis or osteopenia to improve pullout strength and biomechanical stability of pedicle screws (PS). Only a few studies report on the incidence of pulmonary cement embolism or other complications associated with CAPSI.

Is a gradual reduction of stiffness on top of posterior instrumentation possible with a suitable proximal implant? A biomechanical study

Background Context

Proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) is a challenging complication after rigid posterior instrumentation (RI) of the spine. Several risk factors have been described in literature so far, including the rigidity of the cranial aspect of the implant.

Cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: factors affecting the effect of posterior decompression

Objective: Decompression procedures for cervical myelopathy of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) are anterior decompression with fusion, laminoplasty, and posterior decompression with fusion. Preoperative and postoperative stress analyses were performed for compression from hill-shaped cervical OPLL using 3-dimensional finite element method (FEM) spinal cord models.

Methods: Three FEM models of vertebral arch, OPLL, and spinal cord were used to develop preoperative compression models of the spinal cord to which 10%, 20%, and 30% compression was applied; a posterior compression with fusion model of the posteriorly shifted vertebral arch; an advanced kyphosis model following posterior decompression with the spinal cord stretched in the kyphotic direction; and a combined model of advanced kyphosis following posterior decompression and intervertebral mobility. The combined model had discontinuity in the middle of OPLL, assuming the presence of residual intervertebral mobility at the level of maximum cord compression, and the spinal cord was mobile according to flexion of vertebral bodies by 5°, 10°, and 15°.

Results: In the preoperative compression model, intraspinal stress increased as compression increased. In the posterior decompression with fusion model, intraspinal stress decreased, but partially persisted under 30% compression. In the advanced kyphosis model, intraspinal stress increased again. As anterior compression was higher, the stress increased more. In the advanced kyphosis +?intervertebral mobility model, intraspinal stress increased more than in the only advanced kyphosis model following decompression. Intraspinal stress increased more as intervertebral mobility increased.

Conclusion: In high residual compression or instability after posterior decompression, anterior decompression with fusion or posterior decompression with instrumented fusion should be considered.