Where should bulking agents for female urodynamic stress incontinence be injected?

For bulking agents used for female stress urinary incontinence, the recommendation for the anatomical placement varies as some injectables are to be placed close to the bladder neck and others midurethrally. Aim of the study was to determine if there are differences concerning the outcome after transurethral collagen injections depending on the anatomical placement midurethrally or at the bladder neck. We randomly assigned 30 elderly female patients with urodynamic stress incontinence to either transurethral collagen injection midurethrally or to the bladder neck. Prior to injection and at ten month follow-up, maximum urethral closure pressure (MUCP), functional urethral length (FUL), maximum flow rate and cough test were performed and the patient was asked to estimate her bladder condition using a visual analogue scale. Postoperative contentness was 8 (median, 95% confidence interval 5–9) in the midurethral group and 8 (median, 95% confidence interval 7–10) in the bladder neck group with a p value of 0.012, 95% confidence interval –2.464 to –0.2859, in favour to midurethral injections. MUCP and FUL increased significantly in both groups and flow rate decreased in both groups. Continence was 66.6% in the midurethral group and 60% for the bladder neck group respectively. Both midurethral and bladder neck collagen injections improve patients’ satisfaction almost equally with a small advantage for midurethral injections.     

胸椎椎弓根置钉方法的研究与新进展

自椎弓根螺钉应用于胸椎内固定手术,因其固定和矫形方面的独特优势,如今胸椎椎弓根螺钉内固定技术已得到广泛应用。由于胸椎解剖和比邻的特殊性与复杂性,胸椎置钉方法研究和改进一直是脊柱外科医师研究的重点,从早期的徒手置钉技术、X线影像辅助技术到现在的术中三维CT实时导航技术,极大提高了胸椎置钉准确率。本文就胸椎解剖特点、置入点选择及置入方法和相关的辅助技术进行综述。     

安置肠梗阻减压管技术及其在小肠梗阻治疗中的应用价值

目的探讨经鼻肠梗阻导管安置技术,评价其治疗小肠梗阻的疗效及应用价值。方法选择28例小肠梗阻病人(治疗组)将放置了导丝的肠梗阻减压管经一侧鼻腔插入胃内,助手固定导管,术者经口腔插入胃镜,在胃镜辅助下将肠梗阻导管送至十二指肠降段,助手再次固定导管,术者退出胃镜,再将导管送入空肠上段,实施肠梗阻减压治疗;同时给予禁食水、灌肠等基础治疗。另选择32例小肠梗阻病人做对照(对照组),实施禁食、胃管减压、灌肠等传统治疗方法,观察并对比两组治疗效果。结果治疗组28例病人安置导管均首次成功达到预期位置,成功率100%。安管时间8～30min,留管时间5～20天,术中均无相关并发症出现。治疗组病人的腹痛、腹胀、呕吐、肛门排便、排气等症状均较对照组改善明显,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且症状改善时间较对照组明显为短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在胃镜辅助下安置肠梗阻减压管简单,成功率较高,在肠梗阻治疗中取得显著疗效,应大力推广肠梗阻减压管安置术在小肠梗阻治疗中的应用。     

Exploring perceptions of occupational competence among participants in Individual Placement and Support (IPS)

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore perceptions of occupational competence and occupational value among a group of clients engaged in Individual Placement and Support (IPS). Methods: The Occupational Self-Assessment (OSA), based on the Model of Human Occupation, was used with 65 men and women with mental illness, and 45 of these completed the study. Results: Rasch analyses showed that the participants perceived “Managing my finances”, “Managing my basic needs”, and “Doing activities I like” as the most valued occupations. Most competence was perceived in “Taking care of myself”. Among the occupations where the participants perceived least competence, “Getting done what I need to do” and “Accomplishing what I set out to do” were the occupations that most stand out. Significant differences were also found between perceived competence and value in most of the occupations. Conclusions: Beyond those occupations valued as most important among the participants, it is essential also to pay attention to those in which they perceived least competence, as they are important for being able to achieve a desired occupation. Support related to perceptions of occupational competence can contribute to enabling clients in IPS to master a desired working life.     

Percutaneous screw fixation of the iliosacral joint: A case-based preoperative planning approach reduces operating time and radiation exposure

IntroductionA preoperative planning approach for percutaneous screw fixation of the iliosacral joint provides specific entry points (EPs) and aiming points (APs) of intraosseous screw pathways (as defined by CT scans) for lateral fluoroscopic projections used intraoperatively. The potential to achieve the recommended EPs and APs, to obtain an ideal screw position (perpendicular to the iliosacral joint), to avoid occurrence of extraosseous screw misplacement, to reduce the operating time and the radiation exposure by utilizing this planning approach have not been described yet.MethodsOn preoperative CT scans of eight human cadaveric specimen individual EPs and APs were identified and transferred to the lateral fluoroscopic projection using a coordinate system with the zero-point in the center of the posterior cortex of the S1 vertebral body (x-axis parallel to upper S1 endplate). Distances were expressed in relation to the anteroposterior distance of the S1 upper endplate (in%). In each specimen on one side a screw was placed with provided EP and AP (New Technique) whereas at the contralateral side a screw was placed without given EP and AP (Conventional Technique). Both techniques were compared using postoperative CT scans to assess distances between predefined EPs and APs and the actually obtained EPs and APs, screw angulations in relation to the iliosacral joint in coronal and axial planes and the occurrence of any extraosseous screw misplacement. The “operating time (OT)” and the “time under fluoroscopy (TUF)” were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.ResultsEPs were realized significantly more accurate using the new technique in vertical direction. The screw positions in relation to the iliosacral joint showed no significant difference between both techniques. Both techniques had one aberrantly placed screw outside the safe corridor. The (mean ± SD) “OT” and the (mean ± SD) “TUF” were significantly decreased using the new technique compared to the conventional technique (OT: 7.6 ± 2 min versus 13.1 ± 5.8 min, p = 0.012; TUF: 1.5 ± 0.8 min versus 2.2 ± 1.1 min).ConclusionThe presented preoperative planning approach increases the accuracy in percutaneous screw fixation of the iliosacral joint, reduces operating time and minimizes radiation exposure to patient and staff.     

First year student radiographers’ perceptions of a one-week simulation-based education package designed to increase clinical placement capacity

IntroductionThe radiography workforce is short-staffed and under increasing pressure to meet service pressures. Combined with the impact of Covid-19, where student face-to-face clinical time was abruptly halted for safety, there is cause to change the pedagogical approach to teaching diagnostic radiography to students, increasing capacity and ensuring the continuance of qualifying radiographers to support the profession. This paper shares the perceptions of first year student radiographers on a one-week simulation-based education package designed to replace one week of clinical placement experience.MethodsTwo cohorts of first-year radiography students engaged in a one-week simulation-based education package. Simulations increased in complexity throughout the week and included conventional imaging techniques, mobile and theatre radiography, and cross-sectional imaging. Thirty-six students consented to the thematic analysis of their reflective blogs.ResultsFive themes emerged from the data: feeling anxious, understanding and skill development, building confidence, communication, and patient-centred care.ConclusionThe simulation package had a positive impact on students learning, no matter the stage at which it was incorporated into their clinical placement block. Students engaged well with the activities and saw value in the experience. The findings indicate that the simulation-based education package is a suitable replacement for one week of clinical placement, supporting skills development in students and providing increased placement capacity.Implications for practiceA successful, engaging simulation-based education package is presented, which first year student radiographers perceived as a suitable replacement for one-week of clinical placement. Further research into the acceptability of use of simulation-based education packages in second- and third-year student radiographers would be a useful next step.     

Stent type used does not impact complication rate or placement time but can decrease treatment cost for benign and malignant esophageal lesions

AIM: To evaluate if differences exist between selfexpanding esophageal metal stents(SEMS) and selfexpanding esophageal plastic stents(SEPS) when used for benign or malignant esophageal disorders with regard to safety, efficacy, clinical outcomes, placement ease and cost.METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed to evaluate outcome in patients having SEPS/SEMS placed for malignant or benign esophageal conditions from January 2005 to April 2012. Inclusion criteria was completed SEMS/SEPS placement. Outcomes assessed included technical success of and time required for stent placement, procedure-related complications, need for repeat intervention, hospital stay, mortality and costs.RESULTS: Forty-three patients underwent stent placement for either benign/malignant esophagealdisease during the study period. Thirty patients had SEMS(25 male, mean age 59.6 years old) and 13 patients had SEPS(10 male, mean age 61.7 years old). Placement outcome as well as complication rate(SEPS 23.1%, SEMS 25.2%) and in-hospital mortality(SEPS 7.7%, SEMS 6.7%) after placement did not differ between stent types. Migration was the most frequent complication reported occurring equally between types(SEPS 66.7%, SEMS 57.1%). SEPS was less costly than SEMS, decreasing institutional cost by $255/stent.CONCLUSION: SEPS and SEMS have similar outcomes when used for benign or malignant esophageal conditions. However, SEPS use results in decreased costs without impacting care.     

术中CT辅助下椎弓根螺钉置入的精确性和安全性评估

目的 评估术中CT辅助下椎弓根固定技术的安全性和准确性。方法 回顾性分析2014年5月至2015年5月术中CT辅助下椎弓根固定手术治疗的39例脊柱脊髓疾病患者的临床资料,其中脊柱脊髓损伤6例,颅颈交界区畸形6例,脊柱退行性变14例,脊柱脊髓肿瘤13例;术后应用Gertzbein-Robbins分级评价螺钉植入的精确性。结果 椎弓根螺钉固定总数为112枚,术中根据CT影像进行位置修正的螺钉共38枚;其中脊柱脊髓损伤23枚,颅颈交界区畸形8枚,脊柱退行性变40枚,脊柱脊髓肿瘤41枚;颈椎 23枚,胸椎48枚,腰椎41枚。根据Gertzbein-Robbins分级0级105枚,1级5枚,2级2枚。术后发生切口感染4例、脑脊液漏2例、神经损伤1例,未发生与螺钉植入直接相关的并发症,也无二次翻修病例。结论 术中CT能够帮助术者在术中发现位置不良的椎弓根螺钉并对其进行修正,提高椎弓根螺钉植入固定术的精确性和安全性。     

冠心病经皮穿刺冠状动脉成形术配合支架术86例临床观察

自1998年11月～2002年10月对我院86例冠心病患者施行经皮穿刺冠状动脉成形术(PTCA)+支架术中的107支冠状动脉置入123个支架。置入成功率为96.5％。其中急性心肌梗死47例,陈旧性心肌梗死15例,不稳定型心绞痛18例,稳定型心绞痛6例。B型病变占多数。狭窄程度由术前的83.6±14.7％减至术后1.1±5.3％。1例术后40分钟出现剧烈胸痛,ST段抬高,心源性休克,再行PTCA及置入支架术未成功,术后3小时死亡。2例在导管室支架内血栓形成,血压下降,术后发生难治性心力衰竭。余随访中9例术后6个月内胸痛发作。由于支架的使用,扩大了PTCA的适应症,减少了并发症。