围生期出血的治疗和护理

目的：探讨围生期出血的治疗和护理方法。方法回顾性分析2009年1月-2011年12月我院38例围生期出血患者的临床资料、治疗结果和护理方法。结果38例患者中急症子宫切除术3例，清宫术26例，剖宫产4例，助产分娩5例，6例输注血液制品。均痊愈出院。结论对孕产妇进行围生期全程心理干预和护理，能减少围生期出血的危险。     

妊娠期糖尿病患者晚期血脂水平与围产结局

目的:探讨妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)患者晚期血脂水平与围产结局的关系。方法:选择2010年1～12月在天津医科大学总医院检查并分娩、且资料完整的妊娠期糖尿病孕妇89例,并以同期40例正常孕妇为对照,详细记录其分娩前血脂水平、年龄、孕周、治疗方法、并发症。采用酶法测定糖代谢异常患者和正常孕妇的体内血脂水平。测定的血脂种类包括:血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)及高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C),并对妊娠期糖尿病产妇血脂含量与围产结局进行分析。结果:研究组TG水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05),其余各项血脂指标未见明显差异。研究组巨大儿、子痫前期、手术产、新生儿低血糖均高于对照组(P<0.05),胎膜早破、早产儿、新生儿窒息均未见明显差异。研究组中TG异常亚组巨大儿和子痫前期的发生率均高于血脂正常亚组(P<0.05),余未见显著差异。Logistic回归分析发现只有TG升高是发生巨大儿的独立危险因素(OR=1.77,P<0.01)。结论:妊娠期糖尿病患者存在脂代谢紊乱,且脂代谢紊乱与不良围产结局有关。     

加强乙型肝炎病毒围生期母婴阻断研究

目前,全球乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染人口约3.5亿,其中50%是在围生期或婴幼儿时期发生感染,尤其是在HBV流行的国家。这是由于这些地区育龄期妇女HBeAg阳性率很高,发生HBV母婴传播概率很高,而HBV感染时年龄越小,成为慢性     

Collaboration and integrated services for perinatal mental health: an integrative review

Background: An integrative review was undertaken to synthesise the research related to professionals’ perceptions and experiences of working in collaborative and integrated models of perinatal care for women with mental health problems. Method: A search of the databases CINAHL, Medline, PubMed, Psychinfo and Scopus was conducted. Studies were limited to English language papers published from 2000 to 2010. Fourteen papers were included in the review. Results: The overarching theme identified in the review related to the process of ‘making it happen’. Eight key elements were identified as central components of this process: funding and resources for collaboration; shared vision, aims and goals; pathways and guidelines; continuity of care; building relationships and trust; role clarity; training and education of staff and support to work in new ways. Conclusion: Perinatal mental health is an emerging field that is particularly challenging as it requires professionals to work across disciplines and timeframes, where there is a risk of dichotomising care, compounding existing barriers to service uptake. Professionals need resources and to feel supported to change clinical practice and work in more collaborative ways. The voices of women and families are missing in the literature.     

Comment and Reply on–Comparison of Walking versus Stretching Exercises to Reduce the Incidence of Preeclampsia: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Objective. To determine adverse perinatal outcomes that portend neuro-developmental problems in the offspring of mothers with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) in a low-income country. Methods. A cross-sectional study of surviving mother–infant pairs in southwest Nigeria. Results. Of 3491 mothers enrolled, 216 (6.2%) were diagnosed with HDP comprising chronic hypertension (4.6%), pregnancy-induced hypertension (55.6%), pre-eclampsia (7.4%), and eclampsia (32.4%). HDP was associated with an elevated risk of preterm birth (OR: 3.30), low birth weight (OR: 4.68), fetal growth restriction (OR: 2.94), and low Apgar scores at 1 minute (OR: 2.99) and 5 minutes (OR: 2.08) but had a protective effect on fetal distress (OR: 0.25). Conclusions. Adverse perinatal outcomes of HDP may place surviving newborns in poorly resourced countries at risk of neuro-developmental deficits.     

Parental behavior after perinatal death: Twelve years of observations

Perinatal death is a tragic occurrence, and parents vary in their needs and how they express grief This prospective study describes choices parents made regarding contact with their baby following stillbirth or immediate neonatal death. Between 1 1979 and 1 March 1991, 808 consecutive families were enrolled in the Perinatal Mortality Counseling Program at the University of Florida. Following perinatal death, most parents wanted contact with their baby to personalize the event, information about the death and follow-up from their health care providers. However, no option was chosen by all parents. This large study strongly supports offering choices to all parents. Providers should neither bias parents nor make presumptions that would limit parental choices.     

Intoxication by Senna occidentalis seeds in pregnant goats: Prenatal and postnatal evaluation

Senna occidentalis is a weed toxic to different animal species. Very little is known about the effects of prolonged exposure to low doses of S. occidentalis on developmental toxicology. Thus, the present study proposes an approach to evaluate the perinatal toxicity of S. occidentalis seeds in goats. Twenty-one pregnant goats were fed rations containing 0% (control), 1% (So1 group), 2% (So2 group) and 4% (So4 group) mature S. occidentalis seeds from pregnancy detection on day 27 after mating until parturition; weight gains and serum biochemistry were evaluated. Fetuses were evaluated using ultrasonographic measurements; neonates were evaluated by body morphometry, weight gains, and serum biochemistry. Fetal resorption occurred in 2 So4 dams and one dam died. Only a few minor alterations in serum biochemistry occurred in dams and kids; even so one So4 group dam had tissue lesions as vacuolations in hepatocytes and kidneys; necrosis in skeletal and cardiac muscles and for the first time lesions were observed in sciatic nerve cells. No relevant alterations in body morphometry were observed. This study suggests that 4% S. occidentalis seeds is toxic for pregnant goats, but levels of seeds less than 4% have little impact on fetal and post birth body development.     

羊水偏少及羊水过少阴道试产对围生期结局的影响

目的:分析羊水少的足月妊娠孕妇阴道试产结果及围产儿结局。方法:以2009年1月～2010年12月就诊的210例孕产妇作为研究对象,应用羊水指数(AFI)法估测羊水量,并测定脐动脉收缩期最大血流速度(s)与舒张末期血流速度(D)比值(S/D),分析比较超声诊断羊水偏少100例及羊水过少10例(研究组)和羊水量正常100例的足月妊娠妇女(对照组)阴道试产后的分娩结局。结果:研究组中新生儿重度窒息13例,重度窒息发生率为11.8%;新生儿病死4例,新生儿病死率为3.6%;剖宫产59例,占53.6%;阴道分娩51例,占46.4%。对照组中新生儿重度窒息1例,重度窒息发生率为1.0%;剖宫产37例,占37.0%;无新生儿病死。两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:羊水量少患者的新生儿死亡率和新生儿重度窒息发生率及剖宫产率均明显高于正常产妇。羊水量少对胎儿危害较多,孕妇如发现胎动异常或腹部不适应及时到医院检查,进行及时处理,减少不良围生期结局的发生。