The creation of a Pavlik “hemi-harness” for a singly irreducible hip in bilateral dysplastic hips

Purpose  

The treatment of bilaterally dislocated hips with a Pavlik harness can have deleterious effects if one hip remains dislocated. We assess the success of potentially leaving the persistently dislocated hip free and the relocated hip in a “hemi-Pavlik” harness.     

Education of parents in Pavlik harness application for developmental dysplasia of the hip using a validated simulated learning module

BackgroundThe Pavlik harness is the most common initial treatment for developmental dysplasia of the hip worldwide. During treatment, parents are required to re-apply the harness at home. Teaching parents how to apply the harness is therefore paramount to success. While simulated learning for medical training is commonplace, it has not yet been trialed in teaching parents how to apply a Pavlik harness.MethodsA group of parents underwent a simulated learning module for Pavlik harness application. Parents were evaluated pre- and post-exposure and at one month after testing. A validated objective structured assessment of technical skill (OSATS) and a global rating scale (GRS) specific to Pavlik harness application were used for evaluation. A control group of parents was also tested at both time points. A clinical expert group was used to determine competency. ANOVA and t tests were used to assess differences between groups and over time.ResultsParent scores on the OSATS improved to the level of expert clinicians both immediately post-intervention and at retention testing. However, on the GRS, only half were considered competent due to their inability to achieve the required hip positions. The control group did not improve nor were they considered competent.ConclusionsThe use of a simulated learning module improves both the confidence and skill level of parents in the application of the Pavlik harness. However, the challenges parents face in understanding the more detailed subtleties of medical care suggest that they still require an appropriate level of supervision by clinicians to ensure effective treatment.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11832-016-0751-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Preliminary traction and the use of under-thigh pillows to prevent avascular necrosis of the femoral head in Pavlik harness treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip

One hundred and sixty-one hips of 145 patients were treated with the Pavlik harness for developmental dysplasia of the hip. The patients were divided into two groups. Group A consisted of 65 patients (70 hips) who were treated between 1980 and 1987. The harness was applied immediately after the diagnosis. Group B consisted of 80 patients (91 hips) who were treated between 1988 and 1992. These patients received preliminary traction, and small pillows supported the lower extremities from just above the knee to the foot to prevent extreme abduction when the harness was applied. When the distance from the middle point of the proximal metaphyseal border of the femur to the Y-line (distance "a") was 8 mm or more on the initial X-ray picture, the rate of avascular necrosis in group A was 11% and that in group B was 0%; the difference was significant. However, when distance "a" was less than 8 mm, the rate of avascular necrosis in group A was 13% and that in group B was 12%, and there was no significant difference. Thus, we suggest that the Pavlik harness is indicated for developmental dysplasia of the hip in which distance "a" is 8 mm or more. Traction should precede application of the harness, and pillows placed under the thigh must be used during application. Received: November 15, 1999 / Accepted: June 5, 2000     

Pavlik吊带治疗婴幼儿发育性髋关节发育不良的经验

目的探讨Pavlik吊带治疗6个月内婴幼儿发育性髋关节发育不良(DDH)的治疗效果。方法 2015年8月至2017年8月,Graf超声对广州市新生儿及小于6月婴儿进行DDH普查,检出异常髋关节(DDH)18个,其中女婴DDH髋检出13个,男性5个。根据Graf超声诊断发育性髋关节发育不良(DDH)的病理分型,9髋为Ⅱb型,6髋为Ⅱc型,2髋为Ⅲ型,1髋为Ⅳ型。均采用Pavlik吊带治疗,间隔2周复诊1次,超声检查观察髋关节发育变化。吊带治疗时间6~20周,随访时间3~18个月,平均8个月。结果 17髋经Pavlik吊带治疗后,经超声和X线片检查,相关指标达到正常,确认治愈。1髋在经Pavlik治疗过程中,经超声检查后,相关指标改善明显,58°α角60°。全部患儿均无股骨头无菌性坏死等并发症。结论 Pavlik吊带对于Graf II型患儿治愈率高,而对于GrafⅢ、Ⅳ型患儿,Pavlik吊带治愈率降低,部分患儿需要进一步的后续治疗。超声检查可达到动态观察Pavlik吊带治疗效果的目的。早期超声检查为发育性髋关节发育不良(DDH)能早期得到Pavlik吊带治疗提供了可能,对减少患儿远期遗留畸形和降低治疗过程中并发症发生率有重要意义。     

吊带法双侧骶棘韧带固定术治疗盆腔器官脱垂的临床研究

目的 探讨吊带法双侧骶棘韧带固定术在治疗盆腔器官脱垂(POP)中的效果.方法 将60例POP患者按随机数字表法分为吊带法双侧骶棘韧带固定术组(研究组,30例)、经阴道后路悬吊带术组(P-IVS组,15例)、骶棘韧带固定术组(SSLF组,15例).比较三组手术情况、疗效及随访情况.结果 研究组手术时间[(30.5±5.3)min]较SSLF组[(43.5±10.6)min]缩短(P＜0.05),术后下床时间[(1.5±0.6)d]明显早于SSLF组[(3.1±0.7)d]和P-IVS组[(3.3±0.8)d](P＜0.05).三组患者出院时POP-Q分类法均为0度或Ⅰ度,达到治愈标准.随访3～16个月,研究组复发率和性生活质量下降率[0和3.3%(1/30)]均明显低于P-IVS组[20.0%(3/15)和13.3%(2/15)]和SSLF组[6.7%(1/15)和26.7%(4/15)](P＜0.05).结论 吊带法双侧骶棘韧带固定术是一种操作简单、坚固性强、术后阴道位置没有轴性改变,更符合解剖结构的术式,在治疗POP中有很高的实用价值,值得在临床中推广.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of bilateral sacrospinous ligament fixation by Pavlik harness method in the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Methods Sixty patients with POP received operation were divided into bilateral sacrospinous ligament fixation by Pavlik harness method group (study group,30 cases),posterior intravaginal sling plasty group (P-IVS group, 15 cases) and sacrospinous ligament fixation group (SSLF group, 15 cases) by random digits table. The data of the three groups, such as operation time, bleeding during the operation, indwelling urinary catheter time, duration out of bed after operation, cure rate, recurrence rate and the quality of sexual life were observed. Results The operation time in study group [( 30.5 ± 5.3 ) min] was significantly shorter than that in SSLF group [(43.5 ± 10.6) min](P ＜ 0.05 ), and the duration out of bed in study group [( 1.5 ± 0.6) d] was earlier than that in SSLF group [(3.1 ±0.7) d] and P-IVS group [(3.3 ±0.8) d](P＜0.05). The POP-Q stage of all the patients being hospital was 0 or Ⅰ , approached the cure standard. Patients were followed up for 3-16 months after operation, the recurrence rate and the decrease of the quality of sexual life in study group [0,3.3%(1/30)]were lower than those in P-IVS group [20.0%(3/15),13.3%(2/15)] and SSLF group[6.7%(1/15),26.7%(4/15)] (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion Bilateral sacrospinous ligament fixation by Pavlik harness method is a simple, firm operation, and the position of vagina does not axialitily change and suits the anatomy, so it is effective and worth spreading clinically to treat the POP.     

Developmental dysplasia of the hip in the newborn: A systematic review

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) denotes a wide spectrum of conditions ranging from subtle acetabular dysplasia to irreducible hip dislocations. Clinical diagnostic tests complement ultrasound imaging in allowing diagnosis, classification and monitoring of this condition. Classification systems relate to the alpha and beta angles in addition to the dynamic coverage index (DCI). Screening programmes for DDH show considerable geographic variation; certain risk factors have been identified which necessitate ultrasound assessment of the newborn. The treatment of DDH has undergone significant evolution, but the current gold standard is still the Pavlik harness. Duration of Pavlik harness treatment has been reported to range from 3 to 9.3 mo. The beta angle, DCI and the superior/lateral femoral head displacement can be assessed via ultrasound to estimate the likelihood of success. Success rates of between 7% and 99% have been reported when using the harness to treat DDH. Avascular necrosis remains the most devastating complication of harness usage with a reported rate of between 0% and 28%. Alternative non-surgical treatment methods used for DDH include devices proposed by LeDamany, Frejka, Lorenz and Ortolani. The Rosen splint and Wagner stocking have also been used for DDH treatment. Surgical treatment for DDH comprises open reduction alongside a combination of femoral or pelvic osteotomies. Femoral osteotomies are carried out in cases of excessive anteversion or valgus deformity of the femoral neck. The two principal pelvic osteotomies most commonly performed are the Salter osteotomy and Pemberton acetabuloplasty. Serious surgical complications include epiphyseal damage, sciatic nerve damage and femoral neck fracture.