智能化四通道血小板聚集仪的研制

介绍了仪器中硬件结构与软件设计，该系统选用８９Ｃ５２单片机为微处理器，通过放大电路，Ａ／Ｄ转换芯片，Ｄ／Ａ自动调零实现整个仪器的采样，数据处理，打印与监控，测量结果以数值和曲线两种形式从打印设备输出。     

富血小板血浆PRP的体外骨诱导作用研究

目的 :探讨在体外培养中富血小板血浆 (Platelet -RichPlasma ,PRP)对骨髓基质细胞诱导成骨的影响。方法 :从自体静脉血中提取PRP ,配制成条件培养液 ,并作用于培养状态的骨髓基质细胞 ,染色检测细胞碱性磷酸酶表达情况 ,钙化结节形成率 ,放免法测定培养液中骨钙素的含量。结果 :骨髓基质细胞经诱导培养后 ,碱性磷酸酶、骨钙素表达明显增加。结论 :体外培养时 ,PRP可促进骨髓基质细胞的成骨分化。     

氩激光治疗糖尿病视网膜病变疗效评价

目的 探讨糖尿病视网膜病变氩激光治疗的远期效果。方法 根据眼底荧光血管造影(FFA)的结果，用氩激光全视网膜光凝术治疗DR患者87例(122只眼)，观察其视力、眼底、FFA，随访6个月-2年。结果 视力增进50只眼(40．98％)，视力无变化55只眼(45．08％)，视力下降17只眼(13．94％)，黄斑水肿消退及部分消退46只眼(82．14％)，带补充光凝34只眼。结论 氩激光视网膜光凝术是治疗DR的有效手段。对DR患者应早发现，根据不同病变类型选择合理的激光参数，确保高比例的有效光斑，以阻止病情恶化，保护视功能。     

Thrombopoietin and the TPO receptorduring platelet storage

BACKGROUND: For most cells, the addition of a specific growth factor has improved cellular viability by preventing programmed cell death (apoptosis). To determine whether the platelet-specific hematopoietic growth factor thrombopoietin (TPO) might improve platelet viability, endogenous TPO and the platelet TPO receptor were analyzed during storage, and the effect of recombinant TPO on platelet viability was assessed. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: During platelet storage, TPO stability was assessed by SDS-PAGE, TPO receptor function was measured, and the platelet TPO receptor was characterized by a (125)I-rHuTPO competitive-binding assay. A recombinant TPO, pegylated recombinant human megakaryocyte growth and development factor (PEG-rHuMGDF), was added to platelet concentrates during storage, and its effect on pH, LDH, and metabolic activity was determined. RESULTS: During storage, the molecular weight and concentration of endogenous TPO (125 +/- 19 pg/mL) and exogenous TPO (5720 +/- 140 pg/mL) were constant for 12 days; the number (33 +/- 4), binding affinity (149 +/- 33 pM), and function of the platelet TPO receptors were constant for 7 days. Metabolic activity measured with the MTT and MTS assays closely correlated with changes in the pH and LDH. The addition of PEG-rHuMGDF did not alter the pH, LDH, or metabolic activity of platelets during storage, but it did increase by 65 percent the uptake of (35)S-methionine into platelets. Finally, platelet concentrates obtained from donors treated with PEG-rHuMGDF retained normal metabolic activity for 12 days, as compared with 5 to 6 days for normal platelet concentrates. CONCLUSIONS: TPO and its platelet receptor are present in normal amounts and have normal function during platelet storage. The addition of recombinant TPO increased platelet methionine transport but did not alter platelet viability during storage. Other means to prevent apoptosis during platelet storage should be considered, and the measurement of platelet metabolic activity by MTT and MTS assays may assist this effort.     

作者单位：150000 黑龙江省哈尔滨市,哈医大一院,心血管外科,通讯作者：刘宏宇,E-mail:hyliu1963@163.com

目的 评价自体富含血小板(PLT)血浆分离技术(PRP)作为一种血液保护方法可以有效的减少主动脉外科手术中异体血的输入,减少围术期相关不良事件。方法 选择2013年01月-2015年05月需要进行主动脉外科手术且需要深低温停循环的病人60例,随机分为PRP组(n=30)和空白对照组(n=30)。对照组常规处理。实验组术前提取体不低于体血容量20%的富含血小板血浆,22℃震荡保存,待体外循环(CPB)结束后硫酸鱼精蛋白中和肝素完毕后回输到体内。于术前、术后1 d、2 d和3d各时点记录相关血液凝血功能各项指标。记录CPB时间、主动脉阻断时间、术后1 h、24 h 引流量和围术期异体输血量。记录围术期相关不良事件。 结果 PRP 组术前分离处理的全血容量为(2650 ±352)ml,采集富PLT血浆( 249.13±8.75) ml,其中PLT计数(2.73±0.52 )×10₁₁ /L,PLT 分离时间(75±25. 4) min。与对照组比较,PRP组术后引流量、异体红细胞、PLT、血浆、冷沉淀的输入量减少 ( P ＜ 0.05 或0.01),围术期相关不良事件(呼吸功能不全、肾功能不全、呼吸机辅助时间、二次开胸等)也低于对照组, 脑血管事件、死亡率两组没有明显差异。结论 在主动脉外科手术中使用PRP方法可以有效的保护血液、减少异体血的输入,从而减少围术期相关不良事件。     

Use of platelet-rich plasma,platelet-rich growth factor with arthrocentesis or arthroscopy to treat temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis: Systematic review with meta-analyses

Background

The authors conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether arthrocentesis or arthroscopy combined with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or platelet-rich growth factor (PRGF) injection compared with no injection or saline injection (control group) or hyaluronic acid (HA) injection reduced pain and increased maximum mouth opening (MMO) in patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis (OA).

Helicobacter pylori binds von Willebrand factor and interacts with GPIb to induce platelet aggregation

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Clinical studies have suggested an association between cardiovascular disease and infection with Helicobacter pylori. We examined the effect of H. pylori on platelets and the mechanism of the interaction. METHODS: Three of 5 strains of H. pylori induced platelet aggregation with a lag time of 5 +/- 2 minutes that was independent of the toxigenic genes cagA and vacA. Aggregation was inhibited completely by aspirin and a glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa antagonist. Aggregation also was inhibited by monoclonal antibodies that prevented the von Willebrand factor (vWF) interaction with GPIb. vWF-coated H. pylori bound to cells transfected with GPIbalpha but not to mock transfected cells and this was inhibited by an antibody to GPIb. RESULTS: The interaction with platelets appeared to be mediated by vWF because platelet aggregation was blocked by an antibody to vWF. Moreover, a strain of H. pylori that induced platelet aggregation bound vWF to a greater extent than a nonaggregating strain. Aggregation also required IgG and could be inhibited by an antibody to the platelet IgG receptor (FcgammaRIIA). CONCLUSIONS: Some strains of H. pylori induce platelet activation mediated by H. pylori-bound vWF interacting with GPIb, and supported by IgG. These platelet-H. pylori interactions may contribute to the pathogenesis of H. pylori-associated peptic ulcer disease and to the association between H. pylori infection and cardiovascular disease, whereas local platelet effects may contribute to the pathogenesis of H. pylori-associated peptic ulcer disease.     

The use of platelet-rich plasma to treat chronic tendinopathies: A technical analysis

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is blood plasma with a high concentration of autologous platelets which constitute an immense reservoir of growth factors. The clinical use of PRP is widespread in various medical applications.

Although highly popular with athletes, the use of PRP for the treatment of tendinopathies remains scientifically controversial, particularly due to the diversity of products that go by the name of “PRP.” To optimize its use, it is important to look at the various stages of obtaining PRP.

In this literature review, we take a closer look at eight parameters which may influence the quality of PRP: 1) anticoagulants used to preserve the best platelet function, 2) the speed of centrifugation used to extract the platelets, 3) the platelet concentrations obtained, 4) the impact of the concentration of red and while blood cells on PRP actions, 5) platelet activators encouraging platelet degranulation and, hence, the release of growth factors, and 6) the use or nonuse of local anesthetics when carrying out infiltration. In addition to these parameters, it may be interesting to analyze other variables such as 7) the use of ultrasound guidance during the injection with a view to determining the influence they have on potential recovery.