老年原发性开角型青光眼数据库的建立

目的:针对临床老年原发性开角型青光眼(primary open angle glaucoma,POAG)治疗中目标眼压控制的难题,结合我院医疗设备条件,开发老年POAG数据库,便于资料管理和科研。方法:复习文献制定老年POAG观察资料登记表,应用Microsoft Access2003数据库软件建立老年POAG患者临床资料数据库,并联网测试使用。结果:我院老年POAG数据库初步建立,相关网络通道运行良好。结论:医院老年POAG数据库的建立有利于科学和系统地收集老年POAG相关临床数据,为老年POAG治疗研究提供依据。     

国产拉坦前列腺素治疗开角型青光眼和高眼压症的疗效及安全性

目的:观察国产拉坦前列腺素滴眼液(见康)治疗开角型青光眼和高眼压症的临床疗效及安全性。方法:采用随机、单盲对照研究。原发性开角型青光眼或高眼压症的患者90例随机分三组,试验组:国产0.05g/L拉坦前列腺素(见康);对照组1:进口0.05g/L拉坦前列腺素(适利达);对照组2:0.04g/L曲伏前列素(苏为坦),每组30例患者。三组患者均9:00pm给药1次,疗程4wk。结果:用药2wk后,三组间治疗后眼压差异无统计学意义(P=0.673)。治疗4wk后,三组日眼压曲线各时间点眼压下降值差异无统计学意义。三组病例中均有轻度结膜充血的患者,试验组4例(13%),对照组1:3例(10%),对照组2:8例(27%)。结论:国产拉坦前列素滴眼液(见康)可有效降低眼压,安全性好,为治疗开角型青光眼及高眼压症提供了新的选择。     

Deconstructing the mechanisms of angle closure with anterior segment optical coherence tomography

Background: To illustrate the common mechanisms of angle closure by observing the changes following a laser iridotomy and then cataract surgery with anterior segment optical coherence tomography. Design: Retrospective interventional case series. Participants: Four patients with iridotrabecular contact. Methods: The anterior chamber was imaged in different lighting conditions prior to and following a laser iridotomy and then cataract surgery. The images were superimposed on each other, using the interscleral spur line as a common baseline. Main Outcome Measures: Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the changes of the iris and the drainage angle. Results: Iridotrabecular contact was seen in dark conditions in all patients. Iridotrabecular contact related to pupil block was abolished after a laser iridotomy. Persistent iridotrabecular contact following a laser iridotomy, due to a lens‐induced mechanism, was abolished after cataract surgery. Iridotrabecular contact that persisted after a laser iridotomy and cataract surgery was due to a ‘pure’ plateau iris syndrome or peripheral anterior synechiae. These treatments lowered the height of the iris plane in the region posterior to the trabecular meshwork. Conclusion: Following a laser iridotomy and cataract surgery, there is posterior movement of the iris plane away from the trabecular meshwork, but iridotrabecular contact can persist due to the ciliary processes or peripheral anterior synechiae. These changes show that the risk of iridotrabecular contact depends on the height of the iris plane relative to the trabecular meshwork and the degree of physiologic pupil dilation, and that angle closure can be a multi‐mechanism disease rather than a pure one.     

哈萨克族牧民慢性闭角型青光眼前房角组织病理研究及临床意义

目的:观察研究新疆哈萨克族慢性闭角型青光眼患者前房角组织的病理改变及临床意义。方法:对手术切除的小梁和虹膜组织常规脱水石蜡包埋,作矢状连续切片,苏木素-伊红染色,光镜下观察。结果:镜下见小梁网眼变窄或消失,内皮细胞减少,小梁网中有色素沉积,部分小梁网完全被色素斑块遮盖,看不清小梁结构,部分可见小梁虹膜并置,小梁纤维化伴玻璃样变性。Schlemm腔内壁内皮细胞不同程度增生,致管腔呈不规则狭窄甚至管腔闭塞,部分管腔内可见色素沉积。虹膜变薄,基质疏松,有的虹膜间质血管壁增厚并呈玻璃样变,部分可见虹膜间质薄壁血管形成。结论:慢性闭角型青光眼前房角组织的病理损伤是一个渐进的过程,早期诊断,早期治疗,既可以有效地防止视功能的损害,又能有效地预防因高眼压而造成的前房角组织的损害。     

下斜肌减弱术对眼球客观旋转角度的影响

目的:分析下斜肌减弱术对第一眼位眼球客观旋转角度所产生的影响。方法:收集我院2008年以来各种类型斜视患者中下斜肌功能亢进者需行手术治疗的患者23例30眼。应用Stratus OCTTM3000扫描仪于术前及术后1wk对患眼进行眼底扫描及图像拍摄,获取眼底图像。将所拍摄图像应用Photoshop进行分析处理,测得视盘-黄斑中心凹夹角即该眼球的客观旋转角。结果:术前及术后外旋角度比较,术前为17.200°±6.624°,术后为7.735°±6.545°,术前与术后眼球旋转角度比较,差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:行下斜肌减弱术可明显改变眼球在第一眼位的客观外旋转角度。本研究所得的结果即下斜肌减弱术对第一眼位眼球客观旋转角度影响的范围,对旋转斜视患者术前手术设计及预后估计具有一定的参考价值。     

选择性激光小梁成形治疗开角型青光眼的疗效分析

目的 评价选择性激光小梁成形术治疗原发性开角型青光眼的疗效和安全性.方法 局部用药治疗的原发性开角型青光眼43只眼和高眼压症7只眼.使用Q开关倍频Nd:YAG激光实施180°小梁网激光照射.激光能量0.5～1.0 mJ,50～60个击射点.术后定期测量眼压和裂隙灯检查.随访期内仍然给予降眼压眼液.结果 平均随访8.6月(6～12月).术后所眼都有轻度前节炎症反应,3天后自然消退.术后继续使用降眼压眼液.A组(基线眼压17～24 mm Hg)和B组(基线眼压26～36 mm Hg)术后1、3、6、12月眼压下降幅度分别为30.1%、26.3%、25.6%、23.3%;和17%、21.5%、15%、10.9%,2组差异有显著性(P＜0.05).结论 SLT治疗开角青光眼的并发症是轻微的,降眼压的效果与术前眼压基线高低有关.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the safety and efficacy of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) in the treatment of open angle glaucoma.Methods Forty-three eyes with open-angle glaucoma and 7 eyes with ocular hypertension were treated withafrequency doubled Q-switched Nd:YAG laser.A total of 50～60 laser spots were placed over 180° of trabecular meshwork with energy levels ranging from 0.5 to 1.0mJ per pulse. Intraocular pressure measurement and slit lamp examination were regularly performed after laser surgery. Topical anti-glaucoma drug was given during the follow up period Results The follow up was 6～12 months (average 8.6 months). Slight inflammation of anterior chamber occurred in the all eyes, and disappeared 3 days later automatically. IOP reduction of group A (baseline IOP 17～24 mmHg) and groupB(baseline IOP 26-36 mmHg) was 30.1%, 26.3%, 25.6%,23.3%; and 17%, 21.5%. 15%, 10.9% at 1,3,6and 12 months, respectively. IOP reduction between two groups was significantly difference(P＜0.05). Conclusions Adverse effects of SLT for open angle glaucoma is a mild and temporary. Effect of lowing IOP isrelated to baseline pressure.     

应用超声生物显微镜观察白内障超声乳化人工晶状体植入术后前房容积的改变

目的 应用超声生物显微镜(ultrasound biomicroscopy UBM)量化观察具有浅前房、窄房角结构和正常前房深度、宽房角结构的白内障患者在行了白内障超声乳化人工晶状体植入术后前房容积的改变,旨在探讨白内障手术对前房容积的影响,对手术时机的选择提供安全有效的临床依据.方法 选取具有浅前房、窄房角结构和正常前房深度、宽房角结构的白内障患者作为对照组,每组患者各40例(40只眼),均采用透明角膜切口白内障超声乳化后房型人工晶状体植入术,于术前和术后1个月用UBM观测前房深度(ACD)、小梁虹膜夹角(TIA)、房角开放距离(AOD250、AOD500)、小梁睫状体距离(TCPD)、虹膜睫状体距离(ICPD)、虹膜晶状体接触距离(ILCD)和前房角隐窝面积(ARA),同时记录眼压的变化和各级房角的人数构成比,对结果进行比较分析.结果 全部患者术后除ILCD值比术前明显减小以外,其余各项值ACD、TIA、AOD250、AOD500、TCPD、ICPD、ARA均较术前明显增加,差异具有统计学意义(P <0.001).术后眼压平均下降(3.77143±1.84368)mmHg,较术前差异有统计学意义(P<0.001).对宽房角组患者进行手术前后的比较,各测量值均较术前明显增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),术后眼压平均下降(2.49714±1.05482)mmHg,较术前明显下降(P<0.001).对窄房角组患者进行手术前后的比较,术后各测量值比术前大大增加,差异具有显著统计学意义(P<0.001),术后眼压较术前明显降低,平均下降(5.04571±1.56287)mmHg,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001 ).分别对窄房角组和宽房角组患者进行术前结构的比较和术后结构的比较,除ICPD值外,其余各值二组间均存在显著性差异有统计学意义(P<0.001).将二组患者手术前后的变化程度进行比较,窄房角组ACD、AOD250、AOD500、TIA、ARA值的变化程度显著大于宽房角组,差异具有显著统计学意义(P<0.01).手术前后的房角构成差异有统计学意义(P <0.001),术后宽角显著增多.结论 白内障超声乳化吸除人工晶体植入术后,前房加深,房角增宽,前房容积显著增加,眼压也有一定程度的下降.具有浅前房、窄房角结构的白内障患者,手术前、后的变化程度更为显著.UBM可以明确有无晶体因素引起的瞳孔阻滞,当发现此情况时,可以将白内障手术时机提早,使具有窄房角解剖因素的白内障患者避免因晶体膨胀、瞳孔阻滞而引起的青光眼的发生,在一定程度上起到预防的作用.

Abstract：

Objective To study and analyze the changes of anterior chamber cubage of senile cataract patients before and after the surgery of phacoemulsification and foldable IOL implantation with ultrasound biomicroscopy quantitatively, to explore the influence of anterior chamber angle and anterior chamber cubage caused by senile cataract, and to provide safe and effective basis of cataract surgery options.Methods Small-incision phacoemulsification and foldable IOL implantation start from transparent cornea were performed in 80 eyes of 80 senior patients whom were divided into two groups: one group with normal anterior chamber structure, another group of shallow anterior chamber and narrow anterior chamber angle, measured numerical values of ACD (anterior chamber distance), AOD250 (angle-opening distance at 250μ m from the scleral spur)and AOD500 (angle-opening distance at 500μ m from the scleral spur), TIA500 (trabecular iris angle at 500μ m from the scleral spur), Trabecular ciliary processes distance (TCPD), iris ciliary body distance (ICPD),iris lens contact distance (ILCD) and angle recess area (ARA).At the same time, the intraocular pressures were also recorded.The number of people at all levels of composition ratio of angle and intraocular pressure by using ultrasound biomicroscopy before operation and one month later to analysis.Results In all patients, the measurements of ACD, AOD250, AOD500, TIA, TCPD, ICPD, and ARA were increased significantly after the operation except for ILCD after the operation.The intraocular pressure was also reduced to some extent after the operation.There were significant differences between two groups in ACD, AOD250, AOD500, TIA, TCPD,ICPD, and ARA except for ICPD before and after the surgery.The measurements and the intraocular pressure change more in the group of shallow anterior chamber caused by senile cataract.To compare the extent of change in two groups, the degree of change in group with narrow anterior chamber angle was significantly greater than in normal eyes group.The composition of angle had statistically significant difference pre-operation and post-operation (P<0.001), and wide-angle increased significantly after surgery.Conclusions Small incision phacoemulsification and foldable IOL implantation surgery deepens the anterior chamber, widens anterior chamber angle and increases anterior chamber cubage significantly compared with the preoperative patients,and it also reduces intraocular pressure to some extent after the operation.The added value of anterior chamber cubage is more prominent in the patients with narrow anterior chamber and shallow anterior chamber angle.Ultrasound biomicroscopy can confirm the situation of crystal-induced pupillary block.The study indicates that small incision phacoemulsification and foldable IOL implantation surgery in an early stage of senile cataract with anatomical factors of narrow angle can be effective in reducing intraocular pressure, preventing the occurrence of glaucoma caused by crystal expansion and pupillary block, which plays a role in the prevention and treatment in a certain extent.     

超声乳化术治疗合并白内障的闭角型青光眼临床分析

目的观察超声乳化白内障摘除人工晶状体植入治疗合并白内障的原发性闭角型青光眼的临床疗效。方法 32例(37只眼)合并白内障的原发性闭角型青光眼患者行超声乳化白内障摘除人工晶状体植入术,观察患者术前术后视力、眼压、周边前房深度、房角等情况。术后随访时间为3个月。结果术后所有患者的矫正视力均有不同程度的提高;眼压较术前有所下降;周边前房深度均≥1CT;房角变宽。结论对术前眼压药物控制正常水平,房角关闭范围≤1/2圆周者,超声乳化白内障摘除术可有效治疗合并白内障的原发性闭角型青光眼。     

外伤性房角后退性青光眼手术方法选择的研究

目的:探讨外伤性房角后退性青光眼手术方法的选择.方法:选取2014-02/2015-06在我院接受手术治疗的外伤性房角后退性青光眼患者94例94眼,其中术前眼压＜30mmHg、房角后退范围≤180°、视盘C/D ≥0.6患者选择常规小梁切除术(A组,n=63);术前眼压30 ～ 39mmHg,房角后退范围＞180°,视盘C/D在0.6 ～0.8患者选择复合式小梁切除术(B组,n=24);术前眼压＞39～50mmHg,房角后退范围＞180°,视盘C/D在0.8～1.0患者选择青光眼引流阀植入术(C组,n=7);观察患者术前及术后12mo眼压、视力、有效滤过泡及并发症情况.结果:A组、B组和C组术后12mo眼压分别为14.31±1.17、15.04± 1.20、15.10±2.10mmHg,均较术前明显降低(P＜0.05);三组患者术后眼压比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);A组、B组和C组术后视力改善比例分别为90％、83％和86％,差异比较无统计学意义(P＞0.05);A组、B组和C组术后有效滤过泡比例分别为92％、92％和86％,差异比较无统计学意义(P＞0.05).A组、B组和C组术后视野计分较术前明显降低(P＜0.05).结论:根据患者房角后退范围、眼压情况选择不同的手术方式治疗,能有效降低眼压,提高患者视力.