Anatomical study of the ventral neurovascular structures and hypoglossal canal for the surgery of the upper cervical spine

The aim of this study is to evaluate the anatomical relationship between the bony structures and ventral neurovascular structures around craniovertebral junction (CVJ).Eleven fresh-frozen cadaveric specimens were dissected around CVJ. The anatomical relationships were evaluated between C1 bony structures (midline, lateral margin of the C1 lateral mass (LM) and C1 transverse process (TP)) and ventral neurovascular structure such as ICA and HN. Morphometric evaluation of occipital condyle was also performed.The diameter of the HN and the ICA was 2.4 ± 0.5 mm and 5.1 ± 0.2 mm. The ICA was located lateral to the C1 LM in 44.4% (ICA Group 1) and in front of lateral half of the C1 LM in 55.6% (ICA Group 2). The HN was located lateral to the C1 LM in 85% (HN Group 1) and in front of lateral half of the C1 LM in 15% (HN Group 2). HN Group 2 was significantly more common in ICA Group 2 (p < 0.05, OR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.07–3.71). There was significant correlation between ICA and HN in terms of the distance from the midline, C1 LM and TP (r = 0.67, 0.87 and 0.76 respectively, P < 0.01).In conclusion, the HN location is related with ICA location and the medially located ICA is a risk factor of the HN located ventral to the C1 LM. These results demonstrate the vulnerability of the neurovascular structures during CVJ surgery and suggest that preoperative 3D-CTA or enhanced CT scan can be useful in guiding surgical technique.     

预见性干预结合信息化干预对创伤性骨盆骨折的急救影响

目的研究预见性干预结合信息化干预对创伤性骨盆骨折患者的急救影响。方法选择2017年6月-2018年6月在本院进行治疗的120例创伤性骨盆骨折患者,按照患者的住院编号,依据随机数字表法将入选患者分为观察组和对照组,每组60例。两组患者均采取常规护理措施,观察组患者在此基础上采取预见性干预结合信息化干预措施,两组患者均干预12周。比较两组患者的有效急救时间、住院时间、下地活动时间、疾病知识知晓率及治疗依从性、并发症发生率、创伤后成长评定量表(PTGI)评分、抗逆力水平量表(CD-RISC)、汉密顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评分、汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分、患者护理满意度。结果观察组患者的有效急救时间、住院时间、下地活动时间显著短于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患者的疾病知晓率(91.66%)、治疗依从性(88.33%)显著高于对照组(78.33%。、73.33%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者的肺炎、压疮、便秘及感染发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05);经过护理后,两组患者的PTGI、CD-RISC评分显著升高,且观察组患者的PTGI、CD-RISC评分显著高于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者护理后的HAMA、HAMD评分显著降低,且观察组患者的HAMA、HAMD评分显著低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组的患者满意度(97.78%)明显高于对照组(84.44%)(P<0.05)。结论预见性干预结合信息化干预对创伤性骨盆骨折患者的急救治疗以及康复效果显著,能够显著改善患者的PTGKCD-RISC评分,建议临床推广。     

Early radiographic outcomes following deltoid ligament repair in bimalleolar equivalent ankle fractures

BackgroundIndications for deltoid ligament repair in bimalleolar equivalent ankle fractures are unclear. This study compared radiographic outcomes in bimalleolar equivalent ankle fractures undergoing open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) +/? deltoid ligament repair.MethodsA retrospective review of 1024 ankle fractures was performed. Bimalleolar equivalent injuries treated with ORIF +/? deltoid ligament repair were included. Radiographic assessment was performed preoperatively, and at three months postoperatively.ResultsOne hundred and forty-seven ankle fractures met inclusion criteria with 46 undergoing deltoid ligament repairs. There was a significant decrease in medial clear space (1.93 ± 0.65 mm vs. 2.26 ± 0.64 mm, p = 0.01), and tibiofibular clear space (3.89 ± 1.20 mm vs. 4.87 ± 1.37 mm, p = 0.0001) at 3 months postoperative in the deltoid repair group compared to the no repair group. When syndesmotic fixation was performed, there were no differences between groups.ConclusionDeltoid ligament repair in bimalleolar equivalent ankle fractures resulted in reduced medial clear space, and tibiofibular clear space in the early postoperative period. These differences were small and remained within established normal limits.Level of clinical evidenceLevel III, retrospective cohort study.     

锁定钢板联合异体腓骨与锁定钢板单独使用治疗肱骨近端骨折的Meta分析

文题释义：肱骨近端骨折：属于发生率较高的骨折，骨折位置在肱骨外科颈以远1.0-2.0 cm到肱骨头关节面之间，随着人口老龄化的加剧，肱骨近端骨折发生率呈上升的趋势，肱骨近端骨折的最佳治疗方式也存在争议。   锁定钢板联合异体腓骨：依次切开皮肤、组织，暴露肱骨近端，选择合适的异体腓骨插入髓腔，利用同种异体腓骨的支撑作用及克氏针的撬拨作用临时复位肱骨近端骨折处，之后采用合适大小的锁定钢板对骨折端进行固定。 背景：肱骨近端骨折的最佳治疗方式一直存在着争议，其中使用锁定钢板的开放复位内固定是治疗肱骨近端骨折的一种常用方法，近年有许多研究指出锁定钢板联合异体腓骨可以获得更好的刚性结构。 目的：系统评价锁定钢板联合异体腓骨与锁定钢板单独使用治疗肱骨近端骨折的临床疗效。 方法：截止至2020年1月，在中国知网、万方数据库、维普、PubMed、EMBASE、Cochrane Library等数据库收集锁定钢板与锁定钢板联合异体腓骨治疗肱骨近端骨折疗效对比的文献进行质量评价。采用国际Cochrane协作组提供的RevMan 5.0软件进行Meta分析，比较锁定钢板组与锁定钢板组联合异体腓骨组在美国肩肘外科医师学会评分、Constant评分、肱骨头高度丢失值、颈干角变化值、术后并发症总发生率、二次手术率、螺钉切出率及肱骨头坏死率方面的差异。结果与结论：①纳入8项研究，共623例患者；②结果显示，锁定钢板联合异体腓骨和单纯锁定钢板在术后随访末期美国肩肘外科医师学会评分(95%CI：4.29-6.84，P < 0.05)、Constant评分(95%CI：6.46-15.10，P < 0.05)、肱骨头高度丢失值(95%CI：-3.24至-2.07，P < 0.05)、颈干角变化值(95% CI：-7.20至-5.95，P < 0.05)、并发症总发生率(95%CI：0.18-0.51，P < 0.05)及螺钉切出率(95% CI：0.13-0.65，P < 0.05)等方面差异有显著性意义；③但2种方法在二次手术率(95%CI：0.13-1.14，P > 0.05)及肱骨头坏死率(95% CI：0.41-2.11，P > 0.05)等方面差异无显著性意义；④提示锁定钢板联合异体腓骨与单纯锁定钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折在美国肩肘外科医师学会评分、Constant评分、肱骨头高度丢失值、颈干角变化值、术后并发症发生率、螺钉切出率方面更具优势，但在二次手术率及肱骨头缺血性坏死方面没有明显差异。 ORCID: 0000-0003-2626-8833(涂冬鹏) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节；骨植入物；脊柱；骨折；内固定；数字化骨科；组织工程     

82例应力性骨折影像学诊断回顾性分析

目的：研究影像学在诊断应力性骨折中的应用。方法：选取2013年1月—2017年12月南京医科大学第一附属医院收治的82例保有影像学资料并诊断明确的应力性骨折患者作为研究对象，对患者影像学资料进行回顾性分析，并比较分析X线、CT、MRI对应力性骨折的诊断准确率及漏诊的原因。结果：82例应力性骨折患者的男女比例为1∶1.9，平均年龄为49.77岁；病变多累及下肢骨及中轴骨，胫骨为最常见累及部位；X线、CT、MRI的诊断准确率依次升高，X线、CT的初诊漏诊与MRI分级之间的关系无统计学意义；X线及CT图像中骨膜反应易被漏诊。结论：应力性骨折的影像学诊断应结合临床病史及好发部位，早期诊断应力性骨折首选MRI，注重X线及CT中骨膜反应及软组织情况以减少漏诊率。     

Gamification in rehabilitation of metacarpal fracture using cost-effective end-user device: A randomized controlled trial

Study DesignThis is a two-group randomized controlled trial.IntroductionFinger stiffness after treatment for metacarpal fractures often occurs due to poor compliance to the conventional rehabilitation programs. Gamification has shown success in improving adherence to and effectiveness of various therapies.Purpose of the StudyThe purpose of this study was to evaluate whether gamification, using cost-effective devices was comparable with conventional physiotherapy in improving hand functions and adherence to rehabilitation in metacarpal fractures.MethodsA 2-group randomized controlled trial involving 19 patients was conducted. Participants were randomized to a control (conventional physiotherapy, n = 10) or interventional group (gamification, n = 9). The grips strength and composite finger range of motion were measured at the baseline and each follow-up together with Patient-Rated Wrist and Hand Evaluation scores and compliance.ResultsThere were no significant differences on improvements of grip strength (means difference 24.38 vs 20.44, P = .289) and composite finger range of motion (means difference 50.50 vs 51.11, P = .886). However, the gamification group showed better results in Patient-Rated Wrist and Hand Evaluation (mean 0.44 vs 8.45, P = .038) and compliance (P < .05). No adverse events were reported.DiscussionOur results suggest that gamification using a cost-effective device demonstrated similar effectiveness as conventional physiotherapy in post–metacarpal fracture rehabilitation.ConclusionsGamification using a mobile device is an inexpensive and safe alternative to conventional physiotherapy for hand rehabilitation after metacarpal fractures. It effectively serves as a guide for future development of cost-effective technology–enhanced therapy.     

Osteoporotic ankle fractures: A narrative review of management options

The management of Osteoporotic ankle fractures is still considered to be a challenge by many surgeons. One of the issues seems to be a lack of data focused on this special subgroup, with very little evidence of good quality. We did a narrative review of the literature in an attempt to identify the magnitude of the problem and to evaluate the evidence in support of management options.The current review of the literature has brought to light some interesting facts. Despite limited data there seems to be an in increase in the incidence of these fractures. Although we could not demonstrate any clear distinction between geriatric and osteoporotic ankle fractures from the available literature; it is clear that all geriatric fractures are not necessarily osteoporotic and neither is the reverse true. The evidence to associate osteoporotic ankle fractures with poor outcomes is weak, and factors other than osteoporosis may have a stronger influence. From this analysis, we could not establish a higher incidence of implant failure for this specific fracture group, although many modifications in technique have been proposed due to the fear of fixation failure. Hook plating and Tibia-pro fibula fixation have weak evidence in support, but posterior fibular plating is preferred due to soft tissue protection. There is weak evidence in support of Locking plates for these fractures, as publications focused on this are limited; nevertheless some advantages have been documented. Augmentation by calcium based bone graft substitutes has been reported to improve pull out strengths of screws, but again the evidence of its role in Osteoportic fractures is limited. Fibular nailing has been proposed with specific advantages in osteoporotic fibular fractures, but the concept is new and it is indicated only in a select a subgroup of cases. Some evidence exists for the use of trans-articular nails in geriatric subgroups with limited pre-injury mobility, but the technique has to be used with caution to prevent other complications.InferenceMore data needs to be accumulated before clear guidelines for management of osteoporotic ankle factures are defined; however the current literature supports the need for modifications in standard ankle facture fixation methods to improve outcomes.