解剖钢板内固定术治疗股骨髁部骨折临床疗效分析

目的:探讨了解剖钢板内固定术治疗股骨髁部骨折的方法以及临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2009年-2011年我院接受治疗的86例股骨髁部骨折患者的临床资料,其中40例患者采用普通钢板螺丝钉内固定术进行治疗,作为对照组,46例采用解剖钢板内固定术进行治疗,作为观察组。分析两种手术方法治疗股骨髁部骨折的疗效和术后并发症情况。结果:对照组和观察组患者的骨折愈合时间分别为5.4个月和3.9个月,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组和观察组的膝关节功能优良率分别为64.50%和84.78%,两组相比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组患者出现内固定物断裂2例,愈合异常2例,关节粘连5例;观察组仅有1例患者出现关节粘连,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:解剖钢板内固定术治疗股骨髁部骨折是可行的,值得临床推广应用。     

应用髁支持钢板治疗股骨远端C型骨折疗效观察

目的探讨应用股骨髁支持钢板治疗股骨远端C型骨折的疗效。方法股骨远端C型骨折31例,均采用切开复位股骨髁支持钢板内固定治疗。术后29例获得随访,随访时间6～20个月,平均(9.7±2.8)个月,观察骨折愈合情况及膝关节功能情况。结果骨折愈合28例,不愈合且内固定断裂1例,经再次手术后随访6个月骨折愈合。骨折愈合时间3～17个月,平均(6.3±2.1)个月。膝关节功能按Karlstrom等标准评价:优18例,良7例,可3例,差1例,优良率为86.2%。结论股骨髁支持钢板治疗股骨远端C型骨折,操作简便,固定牢固,为早期功能锻炼提供了可靠保障,能获得满意疗效。股骨髁支持钢板内固定是目前治疗股骨远端C型骨折的较好选择。     

Total posterior condylar separation in a juvenile knee: open fixation through a posterior arthrotomy

The authors report a case of separation involving the posterior aspect of the lateral femoral condyle in a 13-year-old boy. The patient presented with a 2-year history of vague knee discomfort and recurrent knee effusions in the absence of a single acute traumatic event. A large mobile osteochondral fragment involving most of the posterior aspect of the lateral condyle was refixed surgically with two screws via a posterolateral arthrotomy. The knee has recovered full function and the lesion is radiologically stable.     

髁支持钢板固定加植骨治疗股骨远端C型骨折

2004～2007年,我科共收治股骨远端C型骨折13例,均行切开复位髁支持钢板固定加植骨治疗,疗效满意。 1材料与方法1．1病例资料本组13例,男9例,女4例,年龄21—62岁。骨折按AO分型：C1型2例,C2型7例,C3型4例。     

磁共振诊断肾移植后合并脑后部可逆性脑病综合征四例

目的 探讨磁共振成像(MRI)在肾移植术后合并脑后部可逆性脑病综合征(PRES)诊断中的应用.方法 4例患者,均为女性,平均年龄为41.7岁,肾移植后使用环孢素A(或他克莫司)、霉酚酸酯和糖皮质激素预防排斥反应,其中1例于术后第2天采用抗淋巴细胞球蛋白.PRES的起病时间为术后4～17 d,平均为10 d,患者均于起病后2 d内进行MRI检查.结果 MRI结果提示,PRES病变累及顶叶4例,枕叶3例,额叶2例,小脑2例,桥脑1例,基底节区1例,病变占位效应均不明显.顶枕叶、额叶病变位于皮层下白质,其中1例累及皮质,为双侧大致对称性分布的斑片状影.病变区T1WI呈低、等信号,T2WI及冠状位液体衰减反转恢复(FLAIR)像呈高信号.3例磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)呈等信号,1例呈略低信号;4例表观扩散系数(ADC)图均表现为高信号,其中1例病变周边DWI表现为高信号,ADC图为等信号.结论 肾移植术后合并RPES的MRI表现较具特征性,特别是DWI及ADC图,有助于疾病的早期诊断.     

Panayiotopoulos syndrome: a prospective study of 192 patients

OBJECTIVES: To characterize the electroclinical features and evolution of Panayiotopoulos Syndrome (PS). METHODS: Children with electroclinical criteria of PS were prospectively identified and followed-up clinically, and with sleep and awake EEGs between February 1990 and 2006. RESULTS: We identified 192 patients with PS. In the same length of time 398 children with benign childhood epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes (BCECTS) were registered. PS had a peak age at onset of 5 years. Autonomic manifestations were one of the most common ictal event. Ictal deviation of the eyes and progression to generalized convulsions were also quite frequent. Approximately one third had partial status epilepticus. In all patients except five, the seizures occurred during sleep. One-third also had fits while awake. Sixteen children had concomitant symptoms of rolandic epilepsy and eight developed rolandic seizures after remission of PS seizures. Prognosis was excellent. Eighty-four (44.2%) had a single seizure, 79 (41.2%) had 2-5 fits, and 28 (14.6%) had frequent seizures. CONCLUSION: PS is less common than BCECTS, but is well defined and easily recognizable by clinical and EEG features, with autonomic manifestations as one of the most common ictal event.     

Different neuronal networks are associated with spikes and slow activity in hypsarrhythmia

PURPOSE: West syndrome is a severe epileptic encephalopathy of infancy characterized by a poor developmental outcome and hypsarrhythmia. The pathogenesis of hypsarrhythmia is insufficiently understood. METHODS: We investigated eight patients with infantile spasms and hypsarrhythmia (group I) and 8 children with complex partial seizures (group II) using simultaneous recordings of electroencephalogram (EEG) and functional MRI. Hemodynamic responses to epileptiform discharges and slow wave activity (EEG delta power) were analyzed separately. RESULTS: In group I (mean age, 7.82 +/- 2.87 months), interictal spikes within the hypsarrhythmia were associated with positive blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) changes in the cerebral cortex (especially occipital areas). This was comparable with cortical positive BOLD responses in group II (mean age, 20.75 +/- 12.52 months). Slow wave activity in group I correlated significantly with BOLD signal in voxels, which were localized in brainstem, thalamus, as well as different cortical areas. There was no association between BOLD effect and EEG delta power in group II. Moreover, as revealed by group analysis, group I differed from group II according to correlations between BOLD signal and slow wave activity in putamen and brainstem. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that multifocal interictal spikes and high-amplitude slow wave activity within the hypsarrhythmia are associated with the activation of different neuronal networks. Although spikes caused a cortical activation pattern similar to that in focal epilepsies, slow wave activity produced a hypsarrhythmia-specific activation in cortex and subcortical structures such as brainstem, thalamus, and putamen.     

Brain mapping of epileptic activity in a case of idiopathic occipital lobe epilepsy (Panayiotopoulos syndrome)

The Panayiotopoulos type of occipital lobe epilepsy has generated great interest, but the particular brain areas involved in the peculiar seizure manifestations have not been established. We studied a patient with the syndrome, using high-resolution EEG and simultaneous EEG and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Resolution of the scalp EEG was improved using a realistic spline Laplacian algorithm, and produced a complex distribution of current sinks and sources over the occipital lobe. The spike-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) effect was multifocal, with clusters in lateral and inferior occipital lobe and lateral and anterior temporal lobe. We also performed regional dipole seeding in BOLD clusters to determine their relative contribution to generation of scalp spikes. The integrated model of the neurophysiologic and vascular data strongly suggests that the epileptic activity originates in the lateral occipital area, spreading to the occipital pole and lateral temporal lobe.     

下颌骨髁突矢状骨折的治疗

目的探讨治疗髁突矢状骨折的有效方法。方法采用手术摘除错位较重的碎骨块及保守颌间牵引治疗技术治疗髁突矢状骨折20例。结果下颌骨髁突矢状骨折患者20例治疗后无继发感染、张口受限、关节强直、咬合紊乱及颜面畸形等并发症发生。随访8个月至4年,患者牙咬合关系、张口运动恢复良好;CT片或曲面断层片显示,髁突改建后外形大致正常或略低于正常髁突。结论合理应用手术摘除错位较重的碎骨块及保守牵引技术是治疗髁突矢状骨折切实可行的方法。     

The Mandibular Cartilage Metabolism is Altered by Damaged Subchondral Bone from Traumatic Impact Loading

Osteoarthritis (OA) in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a degenerative disease caused by excessive external loading. Recently, it was reported that the damage in the mineralized subchondral bone caused by traumatic impact-loading is responsible for the initiation and progression of cartilage degeneration. Thus far, we have hypothesized that cytokines released from damaged subchondral bone from impact-loading affect the cartilage catabolism under pathological conditions. An impactor of 200 gw was dropped onto the top of a porcine mandibular condyle. After organ culture for 2 days, we investigated the association between the subchondral bone and cartilage using histological and biochemical experiments. The impact-loading induced the expression of IL-1β immunohistochemically and prominently up-regulated IL-1α and IL-1β mRNA levels in subchondral bone. We confirmed a significant decrease in type II collagen and aggrecan mRNA expressions in chondrocytes by co-culture with osteoblasts after impact-loading, and significant increase in mRNA and protein expressions of IL-1β in subchondral osteoblasts from impact-loaded subchondral bone. The mRNA expressions of type II collagen, aggrecan, and type X collagen in chondrocytes were decreased significantly by the co-culture with osteoblasts pre-treated by IL-1β, -6, and TNF-α. Among them, osteoblasts pre-treated by IL-1β affected chondrocytes most strongly. It was also shown that IL-1β-treated osteoblasts enhanced the MMP-1 mRNA level most markedly in chondrocytes among the four cytokines. These results suggest that the TMJ subjected to impact-loading can increase directly IL-1β synthesis in the subchondral region, subsequently altering the metabolism of adjacent cartilage and may eventually resulting in the onset and progression of TMJ-OA.