Pseudarthrose ancienne avec grande perte de substance osseuse du radius traitée par la technique de Watson-Jones. À propos d’une observation

Large bone defects in the forearm pose a challenging reconstruction problem, especially when the condition has become chronic. The Watson-Jones technique is a relatively simple procedure that sacrifices pronation-supination, but allows the forearm to be used in everyday life. Here, we describe a unique case of one-bone forearm reconstruction for a patient who had been suffering from radius non-union for several years. This reconstruction technique provided the patient with acceptable function and appearance of the arm.     

Complications of the Latarjet procedure

The Latarjet procedure is an operation performed either arthroscopically or open for recurrent anterior shoulder instability, in the setting of glenoid bone loss; with good to excellent functional results. Despite excellent clinical results, the complication rates are reported between 15 and 30 %. Intraoperative complications such as graft malpositioning, neurovascular injury, and graft fracture can all be mitigated with meticulous surgical technique and understanding of the local anatomy. Nonunion and screw breakage are intermediate-term complications that occur in less than 5 % of patients. The long-term complications such as graft osteolysis are still an unsolved problem, and future research is required to understand the etiology and best treatment option. Recurrent instability after the Latarjet procedure can be managed with iliac crest bone graft reconstruction of the anterior glenoid. Shoulder arthritis is another complication reported after the Latarjet procedure, which poses additional challenges to both the surgeon and patient.     

Compression screw fixation without bone grafting for scaphoid fibrous nonunion

Purpose

Bone graft is often recommended as an adjuvant for treatment of scaphoid nonunions. However, recent literature has suggested that fibrous nonunion may be suited to treatment with rigid fixation without bone grafting. This work reported on outcomes of compression screw fixation for established scaphoid fibrous nonunions without bone graft.

Methods

Fourteen patients underwent surgical compression screw fixation without bone grafting of scaphoid fibrous nonunion between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2012, with minimum follow-up until the time of clinical and radiographic healing. Fibrous nonunion of the scaphoid was defined as a scaphoid fracture with all of the following features: (1) persistent tenderness, (2) incomplete trabecular bridging on three X-ray views, (3) injury that had occurred at a minimum of 6 months prior to surgery, and (4) identification of fibrous union at the time of surgery. Outcomes were assessed with range of motion assessment, Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) scores, and plain radiographs.

Results

Twelve of the 14 patients healed successfully, while two patients required secondary vascularized bone grafting. Both unhealed patients sustained proximal pole fractures and had a duration of ≥1 year from injury to surgery. Average time to healing was 4.4 ± 2.0 months. Average flexion was 73 ± 22° and average extension was 66 ± 22° postoperatively. Average grip strength was 90 ± 25 lbs on the operative side. Mean postoperative pain score was 1.4 (range, 0 to 7). Mean postoperative DASH score was 10.2 (range, 0 to 52). Increasing age and an interval from injury to surgery of >1 year correlated with worse DASH and pain scores.

Conclusions

Patients with fibrous scaphoid nonunion demonstrated good results with rigid fixation without bone grafting. Increasing age and >1-year interval between injury and surgery resulted in lower self-assessed outcomes.

Level of Evidence

Therapeutic Level IV, retrospective case series     

Indications and outcomes of augmentation plating with decortication and autogenous bone grafting for femoral shaft nonunions

Introduction

Though augmentation plating (AP) with decortication and bone grafting (BG) reportedly has excellent outcomes for femoral shaft nonunions, there are no established indications of AP with decortication and BG. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of AP with decortication and autogenous BG for femoral shaft nonunions, focussing on the indications of AP with decortication and BG.

Methods

Thirty-nine patients treated with AP combined with decortication and BG for femoral shaft nonunions after femoral nail failure between November 1996 and October 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. Indications of AP with decortication and BG at the time of surgery and outcomes (bony union) were evaluated.

Results

The mean follow-up duration was 24.8 months (range 12–81 months). Thirty-eight (97%) of 39 femoral shaft nonunions achieved bony union. One incompliant patient showed screw breakage, which was healed uneventfully with subsequent cast application. The mean time to union was 6.1 months (range 3–16 months). Primary indications at the time of surgery were nonisthmal femoral nonunions in 17 patients, isthmal nonunions in 10 patients (cortical bone defect in five and widened canal in five), failed exchange nail in seven patients, nonunions with malrotation in two patients and difficult removal in three patients.

Conclusions

AP with decortication and autogenous BG is a good option for nonisthmal femoral shaft nonunions, such as supra-isthmal and infra-isthmal nonunions. In addition, this option is useful for selected cases of isthmal femoral shaft nonunions in which failure of exchange nailing is expected due to lack of a tight fit between the new larger nail and femoral cortices.     

Nonunion of Distal Femoral Fractures: a Systematic Review

Nonunions of the distal femur are inherently difficult to treat and associated with significant patient disability. An extensive search of published reports was conducted and identified articles reviewed to determine the prevalence of various fracture patterns, initial treatment methods, reported risk factors, and definitive treatment methods. The definitive treatment modalities for distal femoral nonunions were then analyzed according to union rate, time to union and complications. The purpose of this review was to determine the risk factors that predispose to nonunion of the distal femur and the most effective treatment methods to implement after nonunion has occurred. The current review assesses 19 studies published over the last 12 years in which there were patients with nonunion of the distal femur and treatment specific to those patients was described. It was found that the most common fracture pattern involved metaphyseal comminution, most common initial treatment was open reduction and internal fixation with plating, most common reported risk factor was an open fracture, and most common definitive treatment was fixed angle plating combined with cancellous autografting. Taken together, the reviewed reports suggest that this form of treatment has a successful union rate of 97.4% and average time to heal of 7.8 months.     

异体皮质骨板在股骨髁部粉碎性骨折内固定术中的应用

目的探讨异体皮质骨板股骨内侧辅助固定结合外侧解剖型钢板内固定治疗股骨髁部粉碎性骨折的临床疗效。方法自2006-03—2013-06采用异体皮质骨板股骨内侧辅助固定结合外侧解剖型钢板内固定治疗股骨髁部粉碎性骨折及该部位术后骨不连、钢板断裂及感染病灶清除术后骨缺损33例。结果本组33例均获平均32(12~69)个月随访。骨折均愈合,平均愈合时间7.6(3~18)个月。无感染、内固定物松动、再骨折、免疫排斥反应等并发症发生。影像学资料示术后6个月异体骨板边缘变圆钝,异体骨板与宿主骨之间存在部分间隙,术后12个月异体骨板边缘进一步变薄、变圆,异体骨板两端与股骨之间间隙消失,可见边缘与宿主骨愈合征象。按Merchan等疗效评定标准进行膝关节功能评定:优16例,良12例,可4例,差1例,优良率84.8%。结论应用异体皮质骨板股骨内侧辅助固定结合外侧解剖型钢板内固定治疗股骨髁部粉碎性骨折,增加了股骨内侧的支撑力度,提高了固定的稳定性,术后可以早期膝关节功能锻炼,减少钢板的疲劳断裂。     

Prognostic risk factors for complications associated with tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis with a nail

BackgroundTibiotalocalcaneal (TTC) arthrodesis with a nail can be an effective salvage procedure for several foot and ankle pathologies, but has a relatively high complication rate. The purpose of this study is to investigate risk factors associated with complications after TTC arthrodesis with a nail.MethodsClinical and radiographic outcomes for 82 patients from 2012 to 2016 who underwent TTC arthrodesis with a nail were retrospectivelyevaluated to determine if patient or surgeon specific variables offered prognostic value in predicting negative outcomes.ResultsDiabetes, diabetic neuropathy, high (>2) American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, and Charcot neuroarthropathy all were predictive of developing a nonunion in either the subtalar ortibiotalar joints (p < 0.05). Diabetic neuropathy was predictive ofreoperation, and along with HbA1C >7.5 was also predictive of hardwarefailure. The odds ratio (OR) for diabetic neuropathy was 2.99 (p < 0.05)for nonunion in the tibiotalar or subtalar joints, 3.46 (p < 0.05) for reoperation,and 4.11 (p < 0.05) for hardware failure. High ASAclassification had an odds ratio of 3.93 (p < 0.05) for nonunion in the tibiotalar or subtalar joints as well. Diabetes had an odds ratio of 2.57 (p < 0.05) for nonunion.ConclusionsPatients with diabetic neuropathy, Charcot neuroarthropathy, elevated HbA1C, and ASA classification >2 demonstrated a higher complication rate in patients undergoing TTC arthrodesis with a nail.