家兔呼吸道内分泌细胞的形态学研究

研究新生仔兔和成兔呼吸道内分泌细胞的形态结构及分布，结果显示在呼吸道有单个物成群的内分泌细胞，单个的内分泌细胞从喉直至肺内导气部粘膜上皮内均可观察到，细胞形态多样，细胞胞质充满大量银染黑色颗粒；成群的内分泌细胞，仅分布于肺的支气管树粘膜上皮内，由几个或几十内分泌细胞组成圆形或卵圆形的小体，细胞胞南内也有大一银染黑色颗粒。     

Antisperm antibodies and lymphocyte subsets in semen—not a simple relationship

The significance of white blood cells in the ejaculate remains a matter of controversy. Several authors have suggested that such cells are important in the modulation of an antisperm antibody response, i.e. a predominance of suppressor/cytotoxic to helper/inducer T cells may prevent the development of antisperm antibodies. In order to examine this relationship further we have documented the white blood cell types, with emphasis on the T-lymphocyte populations, in the ejaculates of men from infertile couples with and without antisperm antibodies; the latter group was divided further into two groups--vasovasostomized men and idiopathic men. All seven of the men without antisperm antibodies had a predominance of suppressor/cytotoxic T cells to helper/inducer T cells in the ejaculate. However, only in some of the men with antibodies was there a predominance of T-helper/inducer cells. It is clear that the relationship between antisperm antibodies and seminal leucocytes is therefore not as straightforward as has been proposed.     

The stimulant effect of modafinil on wakefulness is not associated with an increase in anxiety in mice

Modafinil is a new drug used in the treatment of narcolepsy. Its administration in mice induced a dose-dependent increase in locomotor activity. The effects of modafinil were compared with those of dexamphetamine on three tests that assessed the anxiety level (drugs were used at doses which induced a roughly similar stimulation of locomotor activity). Dexamphetamine increased the latency of exploration of a white compartment, increased thigmotaxis in an open-field and decreased the time spent in the open arms of an elevated plus-maze. None of these responses was significantly modified by modafinil. We conclude that modafinil does not share the anxiogenic effects of dexamphetamine.     

Ocular Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Phenylephrine and Phenylephrine Oxazolidine in Rabbit Eyes

The aqueous humor concentration of phenylephrine and its corresponding mydriatic response were measured over time in New Zealand albino rabbit eyes following a 10-µl topical instillation of a phenylephrine HC1 viscous solution (10%) or a phenylephrine oxazolidine (prodrug) suspension in sesame oil (1 and 10%). The bioavailability of a 1% prodrug suspension in the rabbit eye (AUC of aqueous humor concentration vs time) was 30% lower than that of a 10% phenylephrine solution (P < 0.1) with the exception that the peak time occurred 34 min earlier with the prodrug. A 10% prodrug suspension increased the aqueous humor bioavailability approximately eightfold but improved the mydriatic activity (AUC of mydriasis vs time) only fourfold. The pharmacokinetic parameters, apparent absorption, and elimination rate constants, of phenylephrine and the prodrug were determined from aqueous humor concentration–time and mydriasis–time profiles. The study showed that the kinetic parameters of phenylephrine estimated from its mydriasis profile do not accurately reflect the kinetics of drug distribution in the iris. These parameters also varied with the instillation of phenylephrine solution or prodrug suspensions. A mydriatic tolerance of the pupil response was apparent after the topical instillation of phenylephrine solution. The mydriatic tolerance may be due to the decrease in receptor number in the iris dilator muscle.     

肠杆菌科新种细菌的分离鉴定及致病性研究

报告了从辽宁省部分地区腹泻和感染标本中检出的成团肠杆菌、非脱羧勒克氏菌、克吕沃尔氏菌、彭氏变形菌、霍堆氏肠杆菌的分离、鉴定，药敏试验及致病性研究结果．部分菌株可引起动物、生物模型病变，证明有致病力．与人的腹泻和感染有关．致病性研究中，溶血性阳性率最高，依次为乳鼠灌胃，ＨｅＰ—２细胞、Ｖｅｒｏ细胞病变，兔肠袢结扎．豚鼠角膜侵袭试验无阳性．药敏试验证实，５组细菌抗药谱已很广，临床可用的敏感药物不多，一旦发生感染，治疗将十分困难．     

胫骨延长后骨痂直径与新生骨预后关系的临床分析

目的探讨胫骨延长后骨痂直径与新生骨预后的关系.方法 1996年1月～2001年12月,对68例胫骨延长者测量达所需延长长度时的骨痂直径,计算骨痂直径率(callus diameter ratios,CDR);统计拆除外固定架后2～4周时新生骨发生骨折例数及畸形角度,比较骨折和成角畸形与CDR的关系.结果拆除外固定架前胫骨前屈角度5度以上畸形19例,其中11例发生骨折;拆除外固定架后胫骨出现5度以上畸形6例,其中2例骨折;其余43例胫骨延长骨痂正常愈合.计算CDR值:CDR值小于80% 23例,其中发生新生骨骨折13例,成角畸形5度以上者21例;CDR在81%～85%之间6例,成角畸形5度以上4例;CDR值超过86% 39例,无畸形或新生骨骨折.结论胫骨延长时CDR小于80%时,容易发生新生骨骨折和畸形;CDR大于85%时,无新生骨骨折和畸形发生;两组间具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).CDR是判断骨痂能否正常愈合较为理想的检测指标.     

血液透析水处理设备的现状与研发

血液透析水处理设备的进步与发展,直接影响到患者的生存质量。进入21世纪通过国际学术交流与合作,一些诸如双极反渗、直供式、热消毒等新的思维和理念,促进了血液透析水处理设备研制与开发。     

急性软脑膜微循环障碍实验模型的研究

本文报道应用高分子右旋糖酐制成软脑膜微循环障碍的动物实验模型。软脑膜微循环障碍模型的标志;软脑膜微血管血流速度减慢,血液流态呈粒状流或絮状流,血细胞聚集。 将98只家兔分成甲、乙二组。甲组38只,静脉注射平均分子量为25万的高分子右旋糖酐,乙组60只,静脉注射平均分子量为49万的高分子右旋糖酐。实验结果发现,甲组38只家兔仅28只可复制成软脑膜微循环障碍的实验模型,模型复制成功率为73.6％;乙组60只家兔,59只可形成软脑膜微循环障碍实验模型,成功率为98.3％。本实验证明复制动物模型以49万分子量的高分子有旋糖酐为宜。 本实验模型可用于脑微循环障碍和改善脑微循环药物的研究工作。     

白质病变与血管性认知障碍的相关研究

目的探讨白质病变与血管性认知障碍及其相关危险因素的关系,为血管性痴呆的预防、早期诊断和治疗提供理论依据。方法选择130例经影像学证实的白质病变患者,经简易智能状态检查量表(MMSE)评估分为认知障碍组和无认知障碍组,分别对白质病变部位和分级进行比较。结果室周病变、室周合并深部白质及弥漫性白质病变与认知障碍相关。结论白质病变对血管性认知障碍的发生有显著影响。     

Pathological and biochemical studies on a case of Pick disease with severe white matter atrophy

We report on a male patient with Pick disease who had shown severe white matter atrophy and dilatation of the lateral ventricle in the frontal lobe from an early stage. Upon admission to our hospital 2 years after disease onset, the patient showed apathy, and MRI revealed severe atrophy of the cortex and white matter of the frontal lobe. He died at age 74, 11 years after disease onset. Autopsy revealed severe atrophy of the frontal and temporal lobes, severe loss of white matter in the frontal lobe, dilatation of the lateral ventricles, and cortical thinning. Histopathological examination showed severe loss of myelinated fibers in the frontal white matter and severe neuronal loss with gliosis in the frontal and temporal cortices. Many Pick bodies were seen. Our patient had a rare case of Pick disease predominantly affecting the frontal lobe with severe involvement of the white matter from an early stage. This case suggests that myelinated fibers in the white matter as well as cerebral neurons are primarily affected in Pick disease.