96-Well plates providing high optical resolution for high-throughput, immunofluorescence-based screening of monoclonal antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii

We have developed a method for high resolution, high magnification immunofluorescence-based screening in a multi-well format, using a recently introduced 96-well plate specifically developed for fluorescence microscopy. We report here on the use of these plates to screen hybridoma supernatants for reactivity with specific subcellular compartments of the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. This has proven to be a powerful screening strategy, particularly when combined with high-throughput immunoblotting, and has enabled us to generate nine different monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against either the periphery or structures within the apical end of T. gondii. The availability of a disposable, inexpensive, 96-well plate with optical properties suitable for high magnification imaging could lead to applications in a variety of fluorescence-based screening protocols.     

Screening for congenital colour vision defects

A prospective comparison between the Ohkuma¹ and Ishihara² pseudoisochromatic (PIC) plates was carried out in a group of 400 patients attending a general ophthalmology practice. The sensitivity of the Ohkuma test was compared to the Ishihara test, and the specificity of both was determined by reference to anomaloscopy as a gold standard.
Both tests correctly identified the same group of 24 patients as having a red/green confusion axis, and the Ohkuma test was equally as sensitive as the Ishihara. The grading plates in both tests are unreliable, but the Ohkuma test is quicker, easier to administer, gives less ambiguous responses and has a clearer cut-off score for abnormality. On the basis of this experience the Ohkuma test is recommended as more appropriate for routine colour vision screening than either the 24 or 38 plate Ishihara tests.     

同种异体骨板覆盖预防椎板切除术后硬膜外粘连临床应用

目的探讨同种异体骨板覆盖在预防椎板切除术后硬膜外粘连方面的疗效。方法对58例腰椎间盘突出或腰椎管狭窄患者,行全椎板切除,“H”形同种异体冻干辐照骨板覆盖。观察临床症状及CT、MR I表现。结果术后随访6个月~2.5年,CT、MR I椎管扩大,骨板无倾斜、移位,脊髓无压迫,无排异反应;术后椎管内容物形态良好,骨板两侧已与相邻接触骨组织融合,密度相等。结论同种异体冻干辐照骨板具有良好的生物相容性、生物力学性能和诱导成骨作用,是一种良好的硬膜外覆盖材料,能有效阻止硬膜外粘连,防止椎管术后再狭窄,可用于节段性椎管覆盖成型术。     

胫骨骨折内外侧接骨板疗效对比分析

目的：对胫骨前内侧接骨板和胫骨前外侧接骨板治疗胫骨骨折的骨折愈合时间和切口愈合时间进行对比研究。方法：205例胫骨骨折,其中（192年2月至1996年1月）共96例采用前内侧接骨板进行治疗。为前内侧组;（1996年1月至2000年6月）共109例采用前外侧接骨板进行治疗。为前外侧组。结果：前内侧组骨折平均愈合时间优良率67%,切口平均愈合时间优良率64%;前外侧组骨折平均愈合时间优良率98%,切口平均愈合时间优良率97%。结论：前外侧组治疗胫骨骨折疗效优于前内侧组。     

解剖钢板治疗锁骨中段骨折

目的 观察应用解剖钢板内固定治疗锁骨中段骨折的疗效。方法 对2005年6月～2006年11月我科共收治32例急性锁骨中段骨折进行切开复位采用锁骨解剖钢板内固定治疗。结果 随访5～17个月，骨折均愈合，时间2～3．5个月，平均2．5个月。术后32例肩关节功能优良率100％。结论 锁骨解剖钢板治疗锁骨中段骨折创伤小、固定牢固，安全陛高，能早期活动肩关节，是行之有效的治疗方法。     

Follow-up control of patients with unilateral posterior cross-bite treated with expansion plates or the quad-helix appliance

The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term stability of the occlusion after correction of posterior cross-bite with either a removable expansion plate or a quad-helix appliance and to compare the transversal development of the jaws in the plate group, the quad-helix group and a control group.At the start of treatment there were 22 children in each of the treated groups. Two children in the plate group and 1 child in the quad-helix group discontinued the treatment. Two children treated with the quad-helix appliance and 1 child in the plate group could not be reached for the follow-up registration, so the collective finally consisted of 30 boys and 27 girls: 19 subjects in the plate group, 19 in the quad-helix group and 19 controls.The treatment groups were studied with the help of plaster models before treatment, immediately after treatment and at the last registration about 5.5 years after treatment. The control group was studied with the help of plaster models on 2 occasions, at the mean age of 8.8 years and 15.9 years respectively. This was about the same age as the first and the last registrations in the treatment groups.In all children, the posterior cross-bite was corrected by the end of the treatment. At the last registration, the corrected posterior cross-bite had relapsed in 1 child in the plate group and in 3 children in the quad-helix group.The degree of expansion was similar for both groups. The mean treatment time was longer in the plate group than in the quad-helix group: 12.5 months and 7.7 months respectively.Despite a transversal expansion in the treatment groups, the width of the maxillary dental arch did not reach the mean width in the control group, and even at the last registration the width of the maxillary dental arch was significantly greater in the control group than in the treated groups.The conclusions of this study are: 1. The long-term treatment effect in children with posterior cross-bite was somewhat better when they were treated with the removable expansion plate in comparison with treatment with the quad-helix appliance. 2. Both immediately after treatment and at the last registration 5.5 years later, the width of the maxillary dental arch was significantly greater in the control group than in the plate group or the quad-helix group while the width of the mandibular dental arch was equal in all 3 groups.     

3D printing in designing of anatomical posterior column plate

Background

Acetabulum has a complex anatomy due to which anatomical acetabular plates are still under developmental phase. Although intra-operative contouring of reconstruction plate is done as a standard practice, it is associated with increased operative time and morbidity of patient. We have designed an acetabular plate for posterior fixation from experience of previous studies performed in our institute on acetabular fracture fixation which should be appropriate for most of the patient of Indian origin. Apart from avoiding intra-operative contouring of acetabular plates it also helps in preventing intra articular screw penetration.

锁骨骨折不同治疗方法疗效分析

目的探讨锁骨骨折的最佳治疗方式。方法对98例锁骨骨折进行治疗，其中手术治疗46例，包括重建钢板固定20例，克氏针内固定12例，锁骨钩钢板固定8例，记忆舍金固定6例；非手术治疗52例，8字绷带固定。结果5种方法疗效相似，2种钢板固定和记忆合金固定法的生活质量高于单独克氏针内针固定者；非手术治疗对于移位较轻或复位后较稳定的骨折有较好效果。结论锁骨骨折治疗应根据具体情况个体化分析，选择最合适的治疗方法，才能有利于骨折的早期愈合。在手术治疗中，在经济条件许可条件下，可优选记忆合金固定法治疗。     

锁定钢板内固定并植骨治疗胫骨平台骨折

目的 探讨锁定钢板内固定结合植骨治疗胫骨平台骨折的临床疗效.方法 对43例胫骨平台骨折患者采取切开复位、植骨、锁定钢板固定,早期膝关节功能锻炼.结果 所有患者获8 ～14个月(平均10个月)的随访,骨折均获骨性愈合,骨折愈合时间平均为6.9个月.膝关节功能参照HSS评分标准,优30例,良9例,可3例,差l例,优良率为90％.结论 锁定钢板内固定结合植骨为治疗胫骨平台骨折提供了持续、稳定的固定,有效地防止了骨折再移位、关节面二期塌陷,临床疗效满意.     

计算机辅助设计数字化三维成形钛网修补颅骨缺损

目的探讨利用计算机辅助设计与制造（CAD/CAM）技术进行个性化塑形颅骨缺损修补术的临床价值。方法2007年6月～2008年6月,选择笔者所在医院颅骨缺损患者20例作为计算机辅助设计组,其中男性12例,女性8例,年龄20。57岁,平均年龄33岁。术前将其颅骨缺损前后CT数据在计算机上分别进行三维重建,采用颅骨缺损部位的三维几何模型数据．应用人工智能技术,设计补片几何形状,制作出凸凹2个模具,利用模具将颅骨修补材料钛网压制成形,用成形好的钛网修补颅骨缺损。另选20例颅骨缺损患者作为对照组。结果塑形、麻醉及手术操作时间明显减少,术后无一例出现因塑形欠佳造成的并发症,复查头颅CT修复以后的颅骨形状与原颅骨形状完全一致。结论颅骨缺损修补手术应用CAD／CAM技术塑形颅骨修补材料实现了个体化配置修补颅骨缺损,使患者颅骨修补后头颅形状最大限度恢复生理原貌,患者满意度100％。此方法重复性强,具有一定的创新性和实用性,值得在临床大力推广。