亚胺培南／西司他丁临床使用药物利用评价分析

目的：利用DUE模式,评价亚胺培南临床使用规范性、合理性,为临床规范合理使用提供参考。方法依据卫生部《2012年全国抗菌药物临床应用专项整治活动方案》、卫生部2012年《抗菌药物临床应用管理办法》、2011年《抗菌药物临床应用指导原则》、亚胺培南使用说明、有关文献等,制定“亚胺培南临床使用DUE标准”。并依据该标准对某医院2013年住院患者使用亚胺培南196例次病历进行抗菌药物管理、用药指征、用药过程、治疗结果4个方面进行回顾性分析、统计、总结。结果①管理项：微生物送检率70.4%（80%）;处方权限符合率91.3%（100%）;②用药指征：适合率85.2%（90%）;③用药过程：给药途径、溶媒选择、配伍禁忌正确率100%（100%）;滴注时间医嘱未注明无法评价;疗效监测项符合率52.0%（85%）;老人及肾功能损伤4例未进行剂量调整。④用药结果有效率73%（80%）。结论某医院亚胺培南临床使用与多项预期目标值存在一定差距。医院应针对存在问题进行干预和整改,确保抗菌药物的规范合理使用。认为“亚胺培南临床使用DUE标准”对临床规范、合理使用亚胺培南有一定促进作用。     

Transient Confinement of the Quaternary Tetramethylammonium Tetrafluoroborate Salt in Nylon 6,6 Fibres: Structural Developments for High Performance Properties

A temporary confinement of the quaternary tetramethylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TMA BF₄) salt among polyamide molecules has been used for the preparation of aliphatic polyamide nylon 6,6 fibres with high-modulus and high-strength properties. In this method, the suppression or the weakening of the hydrogen bonds between the nylon 6,6 segments has been applied during the conventional low-speed melt spinning process. Thereafter, after the complete hot-drawing stage, the quaternary ammonium salt is fully extracted from the drawn 3 wt.% salt-confined fibres and the nascent fibres are, subsequently, thermally stabilized. The structural developments that are acquired in the confined-nylon 6,6 fibres are ascribed to the developments of the overall fibres’ properties due to the confinement process. Surprisingly, unlike the neat nylon 6,6 fibres, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the as-spun salt-confined fibres have shown diminishing of the (110)/(010) diffraction plane that obtained pseudohexagonal-like β’ structural phase. Moreover, the β’ pseudohexagonal-like to α triclinic phase transitions took-place due to the hot-drawing stage (draw-induced phase transitions). Interestingly, the hot-drawing of the as-spun salt-confined nylon 6,6 fibres achieved the same maximum draw ratio of 5.5 at all of the drawing temperatures of 120, 140 and 160 °C. The developments that happened produced the improved values of 43.32 cN/dtex for the tensile-modulus and 6.99 cN/dtex for the tensile-strength of the reverted fibres. The influences of the TMA BF₄ salt on the structural developments of the crystal orientations, on the morphological structures and on the improvements of the tensile properties of the nylon 6,6 fibres have been intensively studied.     

Electromagnetic Shielding Properties of Knitted Fabric Made from Polyamide Threads Coated with Silver

This paper investigates a textile material of low surface mass for its protection against electromagnetic radiation (EMR), which is suitable for composite structures of garments, and for technical and interior applications. The shielding effectiveness against EMR of fabric knitted from polyamide threads coated with silver, measured in the frequency range of 0.9 GHz to 2.4 GHz, indicated a high degree of protection. The key contribution of the paper is the evaluation of the stability of the shielding properties against EM radiation after applying apolar and polar solvents, in synergy with the cyclic process parameters of wet and dry cleaning. The results of the study confirmed the decline in the shielding effectiveness after successive cycles of material treatment with dry and wet cleaning. The effect of wet cleaning in relation to dry cleaning is more apparent, which is due to the damage of the silver coating on the polyamide threads in the knitted fabric.     

P66shc regulates endothelial NO production and endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation: implications for age-associated vascular dysfunction

The p66shc adaptor protein mediates age-associated oxidative stress. We examined the role of p66shc in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) signaling. Overexpression of p66shc inhibited eNOS-dependent NO production. RNAi-mediated down-regulation of endogenous p66shc led to activation of the proto-oncogene ras, and Akt kinase, with a corresponding increase in phosphorylation of eNOS at S1177 (S1179 on bovine eNOS). In rat aortic rings, down-regulation of p66shc suppressed the vasoconstrictor response to phenyephrine that was abrogated by treatment with the NOS inhibitor l-NAME, and enhanced vasodilation induced by sub-maximal doses of acetylcholine. These findings highlight a pivotal role for p66shc in inhibiting endothelial NO production, and endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, that may provide important mechanistic information about endothelial dysfunction seen with aging.     

Measurement of circulating biliary glycoprotein (CD66a) in liver diseases

Purpose. Biliary glycoprotein (BGP), a member of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene family, is produced by hepatocytes, and is suggested to function as a cell adhesion molecule, mouse hepatitis virus receptor, and tumor suppressor. Our aim was to establish an enzyme immunoassay for circulating BGP and to study its significance in liver diseases. Methods. For enzyme immunoassay, a monoclonal antibody (mAb), TS135, which recognizes BGP was used as a catcher, and biotin-labeled polyclonal anti-CEA antibodies were used as a tracer. Seventy-six serum specimens obtained from patients with various liver diseases were submitted to the assay. Results. The incidence of positivity for antigen TS135 in the serum samples of the 76 patients was 57.9%. The most significant correlation among conventional liver function tests was found between antigen TS135 and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GTP). However, among the 56 patients whose serum antigen TS135 and γ-GTP levels could be measured simultaneously, 5 were antigen TS135-positive and γ-GTP-negative (8.9%) and 6 were antigen TS135-negative and γ-GTP-positive (10.7%). The increased serum level of antigen TS135 in 6 cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC) patients led us to the immunohistochemical study of CCC, in which 8 of the 8 tissue specimens tested were positive for mAb TS135, indicating the production of the antigen from CCCs. Conclusions. This preliminary study suggests that the circulating antigen TS135 level correlates with γ-GTP in liver diseases, but that TS135 may also have a unique significance, different from that of γ-GTP, as a liver function test. Received: September 14, 2000 / Accepted: January 26, 2001     

Enhanced age-dependent cerebrovascular dysfunction is mediated by adaptor protein p66

Background

Aging is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. To date, little is known about the mechanisms of aging of cerebral arteries and whether the aging gene p66^Shc is implicated in it. The present study was designed to assess age-induced vascular dysfunction in cerebral and systemic arteries of wild type (wt) and p66^Shc −/− mice.

Methods

Basilar arteries and size matched second order femoral arteries of 3-month (3M), 6-month (6M) and 2-year old (2Y) mice were studied in wt and p66^Shc −/− mice. To assess vascular function, arterial rings mounted in a myograph for isometric tension recordings were exposed to increasing concentrations of acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was assessed in femoral and basilar arteries using the spin trap 1-hydroxy-3-methoxycarbonyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-pyrrolidine.

Results

In wt mice, endothelial function of the femoral artery was not affected by age unlike in the basilar artery where an age-dependent dysfunction was observed. In p66^Shc −/− a similar response was observed in the femoral artery; however, age-dependent endothelial dysfunction of the basilar artery was blunted as compared to wt. Levels of ROS were comparable in the femoral arteries of 3M and 2Y of wt and p66^Shc −/− mice. Differently, ROS levels in the basilar artery of wt mice were strongly increased by age unlike in p66^Shc −/− mice where they remained comparable irrespective of age.

Conclusions

Endothelial function in cerebral arteries, but not in size-matched systemic ones, is heavily impaired by aging. This process is paralleled by an increased ROS production and is mediated by the p66^Shc gene.     

半枝莲和白花蛇舌草药对中总黄酮的提取及纯化工艺研究

目的 筛选出半枝莲和白花蛇舌草药对中总黄酮提取及纯化的最佳工艺条件。方法 以总黄酮提取率和浸膏量为评价指标,选择两者配比、乙醇体积分数、料液比、提取时间4个因素作为考察对象,L₉（3⁴）正交试验优选总黄酮提取工艺。然后结合静态和动态实验方法,以吸附率、解吸率为指标,确定聚酰胺树脂纯化的工艺条件及参数。结果 确定药对中总黄酮提取的工艺条件：半枝莲与白花蛇舌草药对的配比为4：1,25倍量体积分数为70%的乙醇,提取3次,每次2 h。聚酰胺树脂纯化药对中总黄酮的工艺条件：上样液中总黄酮浓度为63.14 mg/ml,pH为4.0,以1.5 ml/min的流速上样,先用流速为3 ml/min的3.1床容积（BV）的水洗脱,再用流速为3 ml/min的9.3 BV体积分数为65%的乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液,测得总黄酮纯度为40.39%,转移率为81.57%。结论 优化的提取工艺条件稳定、可行,黄酮提取率较高。聚酰胺树脂纯化的工艺条件简便,效果良好。     

纳米羟基磷灰石/聚酰胺66复合材料融合器行经椎间孔腰椎椎体间融合术的影像学研究

目的:将纳米羟基磷灰石/聚酰胺66(n-HA/PA66)复合材料融合器应用于经椎间孔腰椎椎体间融合术,探讨其在恢复、维持腰椎曲度和椎间高度及融合率等方面的作用及意义.方法:将2012年2月至7月符合纳入和排除标准的50例退行性腰椎疾病的患者(其中腰椎间盘突出症32例,腰椎滑脱18例),应用n-HA/PA66复合材料融合器进行经椎间孔腰椎椎体间融合术治疗,其中男34例,女16例;年龄22～64岁,平均52.16岁.术前、术后1周及术后2、4、6、8个月,分别行腰椎X线检查、腰椎三维重建CT;根据腰椎X线,测量术前、术后不同时期的腰椎曲线指数、相对椎间隙高度、Taillard指数、节段前凸角和全腰椎前凸角,并对其进行分析.结果:所有患者获得随访,时间8～13个月,平均11.32个月.术后1周腰椎曲线指数、相对椎间隙高度、Taillard指数、节段前凸角和全腰椎前凸角与术前比较差异均有统计学意义,而术后不同时期比较差异均无统计学意义.腰椎融合时间为4～8个月.结论:n-HA/PA66复合材料融合器能较好地恢复、维持腰椎正常序列、矢状面力线及稳定性,而且融合率更高、并发症少.     

骨锚技术修复深层尺桡韧带对远侧尺桡关节旋转稳定性影响的生物力学研究

目的通过生物力学测试探讨骨锚技术修复深层尺桡韧带于尺骨凹对于恢复远侧尺桡关节旋转稳定性的重要性，为选择手术方法提供生物力学理论依据。方法取 9 具新鲜成年尸体上肢标本，按照完整标本（正常组）、深层尺桡韧带损伤（损伤组）、螺钉固定并肌腱缝线缝合修复深层尺桡韧带（修复组）顺序制备模型后，采用 AG-IS 系列 MS 型生物力学测试系统，分别于腕关节背伸 45°、中立位及屈曲 45° 进行内、外旋生物力学测试，测量其扭矩。统计分析比较各组内、外旋扭矩差异。结果腕关节背伸 45°、中立位及屈曲 45° 时，正常组内旋扭矩分别为（0.83±0.33）、（0.86±0.34）、（0.36±0.30）N·m，外旋扭矩分别为（0.86±0.38）、（0.44±0.22）、（0.25±0.21）N·m；损伤组内旋扭矩分别为（0.18±0.17）、（0.22±0.17）、（0.16±0.15）N·m，外旋扭矩分别为（0.27±0.26）、（0.13±0.17）、（0.04±0.04）N·m；修复组内旋扭矩分别为（0.79±0.34）、（0.73±0.33）、（0.41±0.23）N·m，外旋扭矩分别为（0.80±0.39）、（0.41±0.22）、（0.41±0.40）N·m。腕关节背伸 45°、中立位及屈曲 45° 时，损伤组内、外旋扭矩显著低于正常组和修复组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）； 3种位置下修复组内、外旋扭矩与正常组比较差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论深层尺桡韧带是维持远侧尺桡关节旋转稳定性的重要结构，骨锚技术修复深层尺桡韧带于尺骨凹止点，对于恢复远侧尺桡关节旋转稳定性有着重要意义。