股骨近端纤维结构不良的手术治疗

目的探讨股骨近端纤维结构不良的手术治疗方式。方法对19例股骨近端纤维结构不良的不同手术治疗方式及术后疗效进行回顾性分析。结果1例术后3d引流管口渗出血清样物质，加强抗感染、营养支持及换药处理后愈合。19例均获随访，时间13—58个月。复查X线片见缺损修复区内有新骨生成改变，骨折处骨愈合；1例术后20个月因外伤致股骨转子下内固定物旁骨折再次手术发现肿瘤复发，行再次刮除植骨内固定术后14个月愈合；除1例未行内固定的病例外，余患者术后患肢功能均得到良好恢复，8—12个月可弃拐行走。结论股骨近端纤维结构不良应积极手术治疗，在彻底刮除病变和充分植骨的基础上，强调内固定的应用。     

游离胸脐皮瓣与单侧外固定支架联合应用修复小腿严重创伤

目的探讨应用吻合血管游离胸脐皮瓣与单侧外固定支架联合修复小腿严重创伤的疗效。方法应用单侧外固定架固定胫骨骨折,重建肢体血运,延期应用吻合血管的游离胸脐皮瓣修复小腿软组织缺损17例。结果17例经2年~3年4个月随访,全部骨折均愈合。无感染发生,2例皮瓣出现小面积组织坏死,经换药后治愈,其余皮瓣成活良好。结论应用游离胸脐皮瓣与单侧外固定支架联合应用修复小腿严重创伤是有效的方法。     

腔镜筋膜外下肢静脉交通支离断术的临床应用探讨

目的:探讨腔镜筋膜外交通支离断术(epifascial laparoscopic perforator surgery,ELPS)的临床应用价值。方法:回顾性分析我院2005年6月至2007年1月采用腔镜筋膜外交通支离断术治疗慢性下肢静脉功能不全12例共14条肢体的临床资料。采用彩色多普勒超声、彩色多普勒剖面流速图、空气体积描记仪、临床分级和静脉功能评分等方法在手术前后对患肢静脉交通支离断情况、静脉功能和术后并发症等状况进行分析。对所有患者进行随访,分析手术的长期效果。结果:本组共离断小腿交通静脉42支,平均3支/肢体,功能不全的交通支67.4%(29/43)距内踝20cm以内;手术前后静脉功能综合评分均值、手术前后彩超剖面流速图静脉返流量均值和空气体积描记仪3项指标术前、后均值比较均有统计学差异(P<0.01)。术后并发症发生率低。随访3～15个月,随访率100%。全组浅静脉曲张未见复发,6条溃疡肢体中有5条肢体溃疡全部愈合(83.3%)。比较患者术前与术后3个月的CEAP临床评分,除色素沉着无明显改善(P>0.05)外,其他临床表现均有明显改善(P<0.01)。结论:腔镜筋膜外交通静脉离断术治疗下肢慢性静脉功能不全在临床上的结果令人满意,在目前纠正深静脉瓣膜功能方面缺乏确切疗效的治疗方法时,是具有较高临床价值的微创技术手段,值得推广。     

微创经皮钢板内固定技术治疗胫骨近端骨折

目的探讨微创经皮钢板内固定（MIPPO）治疗胫骨近端骨折的方法和临床疗效。方法对15例胫骨近端骨折患者采用间接复位技术和MIPPO技术治疗。结果所有患者术后随访4-12个月；骨折均临床愈合，愈合时间3—7个月，无畸形愈合、感染及钢板断裂。功能采用Johner—Wruhs评分标准：优10例，良4例，中1例。结论MIPPO是治疗胫骨近端骨折的理想方法之一。     

Minilaparoscopy-assisted natural orifice surgery.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: New technology has allowed us to perform major abdominal and pelvic surgeries with increasingly smaller instruments. The ultimate goal is surgery with no visible scars. Until current technical limitations are overcome, minilaparoscopy-assisted natural orifice surgery (MANOS) provides a solution. The aim of this study was to examine our clinical and experimental experience with MANOS. METHOD: Minilaparoscopic abdominal instruments were used together with a large vaginal port, which was used for insufflation, visual purposes, introduction of operative instruments, and specimen extraction. Minilaparoscopy-assisted intraperitoneal transgastric appendectomy was done in simulators (Lap trainer with SimuVision, Simulab Corp., Seattle, WA). RESULTS: Since 1998, we have used this technique in 100 cases including ovarian cystectomies, oophorectomies, salpingo-oophorectomies, myomectomies, appendectomies, and cholecystectomies. Some oophorectomies were performed after vaginal hysterectomy in cases where vaginal extraction was not possible. In this case series, we had only one complication, a case of postoperative fever after an ovarian cystectomy, which was diagnosed as drug-related fever. Our limited simulator experience showed that MANOS is a feasible technique for performing transgastric appendectomies. CONCLUSION: It may take several years for natural orifice surgery to become standard care. Meanwhile, MANOS could encourage and expedite this process.     

Technical Considerations in Laparoscopic Fundoplication

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common disease and can be successfully treated by laparoscopic fundoplication. This article describes the technique of laparoscopic surgery for GERD with a focus on operative pitfalls.     

In vivo quantification of fluorescent molecular markers in real-time: A review to evaluate the performance of five existing methods

With the advent of molecular-targeted fluorescent markers, there is a renewed interest in fluorescence quantification methods that are based on continuous wave excitation and multi-spectral image acquisition. However, little is known about their in vivo quantification performance. We reviewed the performance of five selected methods by analytically describing these and varying input parameters of irradiance, excitation geometry, collection efficiency, autofluorescence, melanin content, blood volume, blood oxygenation and tissue scattering using optical properties representing those for human skin. We identified one method that corrects for variations in all parameters. This requires image acquisition before and after marker administration, under identical geometry. Hence, it is suited for applications where the site of interest can be relocated (e.g. anaesthetized animals and dermatology). For applications where relocation is not possible, we identified a second method where the uncertainty in the fluorescence signal was ±20%. Hence, use of these methods can substantially aid in vivo fluorescence quantification compared to use of the raw fluorescence signal, as this changed by more than 3 orders of magnitude. Since these methods can be computed in real-time, they are of particular interest for applications where direct feedback is critical, as diagnostic screening or image-guided surgery.     

Planning for minimally invasive unicompartmental knee arthroplasty

Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is considered the treatment of choice in patients with single compartment arthritis of the knee at early stages or with osteonecrosis limited to one compartment. However, results in the literature are still controversial and it is a technically difficult procedure. The main goal of UKA is to restore the articular space of the afflicted compartment, without influencing the limb alignment. Selection of patients and pre-operative planning are crucial. The necessity to improve functional results and to reduce immobilization of the patients has led to the development of minimally invasive surgery. Applied to UKA, this approach reduces blood loss and surgical time, causes fewer symptomatic postoperative complications, and permits earlier recovery compared to the traditional incision. The shorter incision makes careful pre-operative planning essential. We briefly review the indications for UKA, the pre-operative clinical and radiological assessment, and the surgical procedure. Proocedings of the Consensus Conference “TSS in hip and knee replacement” (Rapallo, Italy 22–24 June 2006)     

鼻胃管胃肠减压在择期腹部手术中的应用价值

鼻胃管胃肠减压曾被常规应用于择期和急诊的腹部手术后，目的是预防急性胃扩张的发生、治疗梗阻、降低吻合口压力等。但是，鼻胃管置入也会带来一些副作用，如呼吸道并发症、胃-食道反流、体液和电解质的丢失、声带的损伤，以及越来越被重视的患者的不适感。近年来的研究结果也对择期的腹部手术后常规应用鼻胃管胃肠减压提出不同的看法。现重新评价应用鼻胃管胃肠减压的理论基础及相关临床研究的结果，并对鼻胃管胃肠减压在择期腹部手术中的价值作一综述。