抗磷脂抗体和子痫前期的研究进展

抗磷脂抗体是一类能与磷脂或磷脂结合蛋白结合的自身免疫性抗体,与血栓形成、不良孕产史密切相关。抗磷脂抗体中高滴度阳性的患者易有子痫前期等不良妊娠结局。子痫前期发生于妊娠期,可导致全身多脏器的损伤,严重危及母儿生命和健康。子痫前期的发病机制目前还不是很清楚,研究提示抗磷脂抗体可能通过诱导氧化应激,促进血管内炎症等作用参与子痫前期的发病;对于抗磷脂抗体阳性的患者,早期发现和早期干预对获得良好的妊娠结局至关重要。     

外泌体源性miRNA在子痫前期发病机制中的研究进展

子痫前期作为一种妊娠期特有的高血压综合征,严重威胁母婴安全,但目前尚无准确的生物标志物作为诊断依据且其病因和发病机制尚未完全阐明。外泌体是广泛存在于体液中的细胞外囊泡,携带多种蛋白质、脂质和核酸等生物活性分子,具有多种生物学功能,其所携带的miRNA具有特异性、多元性、抗降解、能被稳定检出的特点。研究发现子痫前期患者胎盘组织分泌的外泌体中有多种差异表达的miRNA,表明其可能参与了子痫前期的发生发展,可能作为子痫前期预测的潜在靶点。本文对外泌体源性miRNA的结构、功能及其与子痫前期发病机制的研究进展进行综述,旨在为子痫前期早期预测及诊治提供新思路。     

Epigenetic mechanisms regulating learning and long-term memory

A balance between rapid, short lived, neuronal responses and prolonged ones fulfill the biochemical and cellular requirements for creating a molecular memory. I provide an overview of epigenetic mechanisms in the brain and discuss their impact on synaptic plasticity, cognitive functions, and discuss a recent example of how they can contribute to neurodegeneration and the cognitive decline associated with Alzheimer's disease.     

Screening and confirmation of microRNA markers for distinguishing between menstrual and peripheral blood

The identification of menstrual blood (MB) and peripheral blood (PB) left at a crime scene is crucial for crime reconstruction, especially in sexual assaults. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of non-protein coding molecules, have been demonstrated to be a viable tool for body fluid identification in forensic casework. Several groups have searched for miRNAs that are specific to different body fluids. Blood has been studied the most extensively. However, menstrual blood was only involved in five studies, and the results confirming the presence of specific miRNAs could not be reproduced in other studies. In this study, we attempted to screen new markers that can differentiate between menstrual blood and peripheral blood by using Exiqon’s miRCURY™ LNA Array. Five miRNAs were selected based on the microarray results, namely, miR-141-3p, miR-373-3p, miR-497-5p, miR-143-5p, and miR-136-5p, whose expression levels exhibited 27.95-, 17.96-, 16.74-, 10.14-, and 9.21-fold changes, respectively, compared to the level in peripheral blood. Two classic quantitative methods, TaqMan hydrolysis probes (TaqMan for short) and SYBR Green fluorochrome (SYBR Green for short), were applied in the confirmation step to study the impact of different quantitative methods on the results. Three miRNAs (miR-141-3p, miR-497-5p, and miR-143-5p) were confirmed by TaqMan and one (miR-141-3p) by SYBR Green. Furthermore, bioinformatic methods were applied to interpret the candidate miRNAs. Our results established a multi-step procedure for body fluid identification and showed that the choice of quantitative method is important when miRNAs are used to identify the origin of blood samples.     

丙烯酰胺对斑马鱼胚胎发育过程中microRNA表达的影响

目的研究丙烯酰胺(ACR)对斑马鱼胚胎发育过程中小分子RNA(miRNA microRNA)表达的影响,探讨丙烯酰胺发育毒性机制。方法将斑马鱼胚胎分为10mmol/LACR染毒组,二甲亚砜(DMSO)组和空白对照组,分别处理受精后6 h的斑马鱼胚胎(6 hpf hours past fertilization);采用核苷酸锁定(LNA locked nucleic acid)修饰的microRNA探针进行胚胎整体原位杂交。结果10 mmol/L ACR可导致斑马鱼胚胎表现出多系统的畸形,胚胎表现出心率减慢,心包水肿,体轴缩短;胚胎整体原位杂交显示ACR诱导miRNA表达增加。结论ACR对斑马鱼胚胎发育过程中microRNA的表达有影响。     

小分子RNA在甲状腺肿瘤中作用的研究进展

甲状腺癌为常见的内分泌系统恶性肿瘤,近年来发病率逐渐升高,但对其发病机制尚缺乏深入的研究,对其诊断和预后判断尚缺乏特异的生物学指标,许多学者对此进行了广泛的研究。小分子RNA是新近发现的非编码单链RNA,调控细胞凋亡、细胞迁移和血管生成等多个肿瘤相关基因的表达。现主要综述小分子RNA在甲状腺癌中的诊断和判断预后中作用的研究进展。     

miRNA-21与心血管疾病

MicroRNAs (miRNAs)是长度约22个核苷酸左右的内源性、非编码RNA.在心血管疾病状态下,如增殖性血管疾病,心脏肥大,心功不全和缺血性心脏病的心血管组织中,miRNA-21表达下调.miRNA-21在血管平滑肌细胞的增殖、凋亡,心肌细胞生长、死亡及心肌细胞纤维化方面起着重要作用,已被证实参与上述疾病发病过...     

MicroRNA-mediated NBS1 gene silence and its effects on telomerase activation in Hela cells

Objective： To research the silence of NBS1 after transfection microRNA expressing eukaryotic recombinants and the changes of telomerase activation in telomerase-positive cell line Hela. Methods： According to the sequence of NBS1 mRNA, the NBS1 pre-microRNA was designed and synthesized, then cloned into the GFP reporter pcDNA6.2-GW/EmGFP-miR vector and transfected into Hela cells. The integrity of the insert fragment was verified through colony PCR and sequencing analysis. The NBS1 gene expression of NBS1 microRNA recombinants was detected by Real-Time PCR and western blot. Telomerase activity in Hela cells was assayed by TRAP-PCR-EB. Results： Sequences of insert fragment in microRNA expressing recombinants were correct. The NBS1 gene expression was decreased, and the telomerase activation of Hela cell reduced. Conclusion： NBS1 microRNA inhibits NBS1 gene expression, and depresses telomerase activation of Hela cells. This confirms that there is relevance between NBS 1 gene and telomerase activity.     

针灸治疗抑郁症的临床疗效与作用机制研究进展

近年来，抑郁症的发病率逐年上升，危害性大，造成了严重的社会、经济负担，而临床上常用的抗抑郁药物疗效欠佳，且易产生耐药性。针灸凭借独特的优势在临床上广泛应用，取得较好的治疗效果。通过检索了近10年中英文文献，从临床疗效和作用机制研究等总结了针刺治疗抑郁症的相关研究。临床研究从普通针刺、电针、针药结合、灸法等疗法方面评价了针灸治疗抑郁症的疗效及安全性；作用机制研究从神经递质、神经内分泌-免疫、神经突触可塑性、脑源神经营养因子（BDNF）、信号通路及微RNA等探讨针刺治疗抑郁症的潜在作用机制。结果发现存在如评价标准不统一，假针刺对照设置，针刺防治抑郁症复发率等问题，研究质量仍需要进一步提高。