Sonographic detection of physiologic pleural fluid in normal pregnant women

PURPOSE: This prospective study was conducted to determine the normal incidence of a small amount of pleural fluid in healthy pregnant women on sonography. METHODS: Chest sonography to detect pleural fluid was performed in 47 pregnant volunteers, first with the subjects leaning on 1 elbow (the "elbow position") and then with subjects in a sitting position. A 9-12-MHz linear-array probe was used. If the result of this first examination was positive (showing a 2-mm or thicker anechoic layer), the subject was rescanned with a 3-6-MHz large-radius curved-array probe. RESULTS: A thin layer of fluid with a typical wedge-shaped appearance was visible in the pleural cul de sac space of 28/47 (59.5%) pregnant volunteers, on both sides in 18/47 (38.3%) and unilaterally in 10/47 (21.2%). The mean (+/- standard deviation) thickness of fluid layer (mean of measurements obtained in both positions) was 2.9 +/- 1.1 mm (range, 1.8-6.4 mm). The number of pregnant women with visible pleural fluid was the same regardless of the fetus' sex, but the difference in fluid layer thickness between the 2 groups was statistically significant (by the t-test, p <0.05). A fluid layer thicker than 3 mm was easily detected with the 3-6-MHz abdominal curved-array probe in 7/47 (15%) women. CONCLUSIONS: Small amounts of pleural fluid can be visualized by chest sonography in healthy pregnant women. This result, if isolated, should not be taken as a sign of occult thoracic disease.     

孕妇HCMV感染及妊娠结局分析

目的了解孕妇感染HCMV后对胚胎、胎儿及妊娠结局的影响.方法采用ELISA方法对4148例长沙地区孕妇进行TORCH-IgM检测.结果在对4148例长沙地区孕妇进行TORCH-IgM检测中,发现有62例孕妇为HCMV-IgM阳性,阳性率为1.5%.在随访的58例孕妇中,妊娠结局为自然流产者达31%(18/58);为死胎及胎儿畸形者达19%(11/58),显著高于其他异常妊娠结局者(P＜0.001).结论HCMV宫内感染是导致胚胎和胎儿自然流产的主要原因之一,同时也是导致胎儿宫内死亡、畸形发生的主要原因.因此,提高孕妇免疫能力,加强孕期健康教育,避免和减少易感因素的接触,是降低胎儿宫内感染的主要措施;另外,大力推广孕前优生检测也是防止胎儿宫内感染发生的重要手段.     

福建大学城周边农村妇女心理健康现状调查研究

目的 了解福建大学城周边农村妇女的心理健康现状.方法 采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)和自编的一般情况问卷对309名大学城周边农村妇女进行调查.结果 大学城周边农村妇女各因子分高于全国女性常模,并有显著性差异(P＜0.001);除躯体化因子外,已婚和未婚女性其余各项因子无显著性差异(P＞0.05);除恐怖因子外,其余各因子分在各年龄组中有显著性差异;各因子分在各学历组中有显著性差异.结论 福建大学城周边农村妇女存在一定程度的心理健康问题,应该引起有关部门的重视.     

The age of menopause and the menopause transition in a multiracial population: a nation-wide Singapore study

OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of menopausal symptoms, define the mean age of menopause, and determine contributory factors, which influence the experience of symptoms among Singaporean women of different racial groups. DESIGN: Cross-sectional nation-wide study of a random sample of 1000 women drawn from the entire population of Singaporean female (Chinese, Malay, and Indian) citizens between 45 and 60 years of age. Face-to-face interviews using structured questionnaires were conducted. RESULTS: The response rate was 69.9%. The mean age of natural menopause was 49.0 years. This was not significantly different between the three ethnic groups. Increasing parity delayed the age of menopause (P=0.007). Muscle and joint ache was the most commonly reported symptom (52.6%). Although the prevalence of significant hot flushes in the general study population was low (3.9%), it was the most commonly reported complaint by peri-menopausal women (14.6%). Prevalence of significant hot flushes decreased with time from menopause (P=0.007) and completely disappeared beyond the fifth year of menopause. Recent unhappy events were associated with an increased risk of symptoms (P<0.001). Women of Chinese origin experienced a lower risk of menopausal symptoms when compared with other ethnic groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The mean age of menopause was 49.0 years among Singaporean women. Ethnicity and recent unhappy events were two major factors, which influenced the risk of experiencing menopausal symptoms. Among the three ethnic groups studied, Chinese women were the least likely to experience disturbing menopausal symptoms. The overall prevalence of menopausal symptoms was low when compared to studies on women in western societies.     

女性冠心病影响因素分析

目的 分析女性冠心病的影响因素。方法 用单因素和多因素非条件Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归分析１６３例女性冠心病患者资料。结果 分别提出了绝经与未绝经女婿生冠心病患者患病的影响因素及相关程度。结论 雌激素是女性冠心病的保护因素。但冠心病是否发病仍受其他因素影响。     

老年女性服用钙复方制剂与BMD、BTMs及25（OH）D水平的相关性研究

目的探讨老年女性服用维生素D和钙复方制剂（以下简称钙复方制剂）与骨密度（BMD）、骨转换标志物（BTMs）及25-羟基维生素D3[25（OH）D]的相关性。方法选择65~93岁老年女性1305例为研究对象,根据钙复方制剂服用情况（过去6个月平均每周服用钙复方制剂≥4d为服用）分为服用组384例和未服用组921例,检测并比较两组老年女性BMD、I型胶原羧基端肽β特殊序列（CTX）、总I型胶原氨基端前肽（P1NP）和N端骨钙素（OC）、25（OH）D和甲状旁腺激素（PTH）水平,进一步比较服用组不同年龄段（65岁~、75岁~、85~93岁）女性BTMs、25（OH）D、PTH水平,并分析未坚持服用钙复方制剂的原因。结果服用组骨质疏松发生率为44.53%,明显低于未服用组的57.76%（P＜0.01）。与未服用组比较,服用组CTX、P1NP、OC水平较低（均P＜0.01）、25（OH）D水平较高（P＜0.01）。3个年龄组间BTMs、25（OH）D水平比较,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。未坚持服用钙复方制剂的常见原因主要有“认为补钙没有用甚至可能有害”“不知道要服用或医生没有配”“常常忘记服药,或服用完后懒得再去配”“服后胃脘部不适或便秘,或药片太大难以下咽”,分别占25.08%、19.54%、15.85%和14.88%。结论老年女性尽早服用钙复方制剂有助于降低BTMs水平,提高血清25（OH）水平,防止骨质疏松的发生。     

明代女医谈允贤及其医案《女医杂言》

我国明代女医家谈允贤秉承家学,从十来岁时即“昼夜不辍”地攻读各种医学典籍。谈氏行医之后,“相知女流眷属,不屑以男治者,络绎而来,往往获奇效。”生平治人不可以数计。谈氏作为历史上少有的女医家,留下了《女医杂言》一书传于世。其书是较早成书的医案专著之一,共收载了31例病案,其中涉及习惯性流产、经病、产后诸疾、腹中结块请证。并记载了谈氏对灸法十分娴熟的运用。是书虽载病例不多,但从临床治疗角度看,都是十分成功的案例,有许多的治疗经验值得后世研究参考。     

孕妇胎儿间巨细胞病毒感染的探讨

目的　探讨人巨细胞病毒（ＨＣＭＶ） 活动性感染对胎儿的影响;方法　采用ＥＬＩＳＡ 法对不同组别的妇女检测ＨＣＭＶ－ ＩｇＡ两种抗体;结果　试验组ＩｇＡ 检出率高于Ｉｇ Ｍ,差异显著,对照组无差异,对妊娠早期ＨＣＭＶ 活动性感染追踪观察至生产６４ 例,发现各种异常占２５ ％ ,与对照组对比差异显著; 结论　ＨＣＭＶ 活动性感染妨碍胎儿发育,对准备受孕或受孕早期的妇女,检测ＨＣＭＶ 特异性ＩｇＭ、ＩｇＡ 抗体,可预测先天性ＨＣＭＹ 感染所致胎儿发育异常的危险性     

胎儿监护与脐带异常相关因素分析

目的：产前胎儿监护以提高产科质量,降低围产儿死亡率。方法：使用国产CTF—Ⅱ型胎儿监护仪,对252名临产孕妇进行产前胎儿监护。结果;发现脐带异常图形85例（33．7％）,发生胎儿窘迫23例（27．l％）。跟踪分娩时情况,证实均有脐带绕颈或脐带过短,使其手术产率明显增高。本组无明显产程延长,与文献报告不相符。结论：在监护基础上,认真评价异常图形、结合临床实际、综合诊断它内窘迫并及时处理产程每一个环节,才能保障母儿平安。     

应用RPR法对507例孕妇进行梅毒血清学检测的结果分析

目的:检测孕妇是否感染梅毒,以便及时防治。方法:应用“RPR”做为梅毒血清学筛选试验,对太原部分地区507例孕妇进行梅毒血清学检测。结果:5例阳性,阳性率为9.9％。结论:孕妇梅毒血清感染应受到重视。