改良纤维板剥脱术对慢性结核性脓胸患者围手术期临床指标、肺功能及术后并发症的影响

目的探讨改良纤维板剥脱术对慢性结核性脓胸患者围手术期临床指标、肺功能及术后并发症的影响。方法选取慢性结核性脓胸患者140例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组(70例)和试验组(70例),分别常规纤维板剥脱术和改良纤维板剥脱术治疗。比较两组患者围手术期临床指标,术后肺活量(VC)和最大通气量(MVV)增加量及术后胸腔再次感染率等。结果两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后24 h引流量、引流管放置时间及住院时间等围手术期临床指标比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);试验组患者治疗后VC和MVV增加量均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者术后胸腔再次感染率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论改良纤维板剥脱术治疗慢性结核性脓胸患者可有效改善肺功能,且未对围手术期临床指标及术后并发症产生明显影响,具有临床应用价值。     

Surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis: Prognostic indicators of short‐term results

Aim

To evaluate the clinical and radiographic short‐term (6 months) effect of surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis, and to identify prognostic indicators affecting the outcome using a multilevel statistical model.

Materials & Methods

A total of 143 implants (45 patients) with a diagnosis of progressive peri‐implantitis (progressive bone loss (PBL) ≥2.0 mm and bleeding on probing (BoP)/suppuration) received surgical treatment. Clinical and radiographic parameters were assessed 6 months postoperatively. Potential prognostic indicators on subject, implant and site level prior to surgery were analysed to evaluate the effect on individual and composite outcomes using multilevel logistic regression analysis.

Results

At the 6‐month evaluation, none of the implants demonstrated PBL and 14% of the implants were registered with the absence of bleeding and no pocket probing depth ≥6 mm. Multilevel regression analysis identified, among others, suppuration, pocket probing depth >8 mm, bone loss >7 mm and the presence of plaque as criteria associated with the outcome.

Conclusion

Resective peri‐implantitis surgery seemed to reduce the amount of peri‐implant inflammation. However, most of the sites continued to have BoP/suppuration. Thus, long‐term maintenance and evaluation is warranted. The effect of treatment was reduced by some prognostic indicators such as the presence of suppuration prior to interception and peri‐implant bone loss exceeding 7 mm.     

Postoperative pain assessment in hospitalised patients: National survey and secondary data analysis

BackgroundMeasuring pain is important for the adequate pain management of postoperative patients. The actual compliance with pain assessment in postoperative patients after implementation of a national safety program is unknown.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to examine the compliance with pain assessment in postoperative patients after implementation of a national safety program, according to the national quality indicators for pain assessment in postoperative patients. Furthermore, organisational factors associated with this compliance were determined.Study designIn this study, two data sources were used: 1) data from an evaluation study of the Dutch Hospital Patient Safety Program; and 2) data from a questionnaire survey.MethodsThe compliance with two different pain process indicators was determined: 1) 3 pain measurements a day, all three full days after surgery; and 2) ≥1 pain measurement a day, all three full days after surgery. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between organisational factors in hospitals and compliance with pain process indicators.ResultsData of 3895 patient records from 16 hospitals was included in this study. In 12% of the postoperative patients, pain was measured 3 times a day, all three full days after surgery. In 53% of the postoperative patients, pain was measured ≥1 time a day, all three full days after surgery. Compliance was highest in general hospitals compared to tertiary teaching and academic hospitals, and was statistically significantly higher at the surgery and surgical oncology department compared to the other departments.ConclusionsLow compliance was shown with pain assessment in postoperative patients, according to the process indicator pain after surgery in Dutch hospitals. This suggests that the implementation of measuring pain in hospitals is still insufficient.     

腹腔镜下卵巢囊肿剥除术的疗效观察及安全性分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜下卵巢囊肿剥除术的疗效观察及安全性。方法:以2017年1月~2018年12月期间108例卵巢囊肿的患者为研究对象,按照患者入院治疗的先后顺序,将其分为观察组与对照组各54例,对照组实施传统开腹手术,观察组实施腹腔镜卵巢囊肿剥除术,观察两组患者的临床指标及不良反应率。结果:观察组患者手术用时及肛门首次排气时间明显短于对照组,术中出血量明显少于对照组(P<0.05);观察组5.56%的不良反应率明显低于对照组20.37%的不良反应率(P<0.05)。结论:针对卵巢囊肿患者,行腹腔镜下卵巢囊肿剥除术能缩短手术用时及肛门首次排气时间,减少术中出血量,使得不良反应发生率得以减少,对患者预后有着积极的作用。     

专科护理质量指标在呼吸内科使用吸入剂患者管理中的应用

目的探讨专科质量指标在呼吸内科使用吸入剂患者管理中的应用。方法以专科疾病特点及循证为基础,建立吸入剂使用前评估、吸入剂使用方法、吸入剂使用宣教及交接班四个方面的护理质量标准与细则,运用这四个方面的专科指标对呼吸内科使用吸入剂患者进行护理质量管理。比较专科护理指标实施前(2015年3月)与实施半年后(2015年9月),吸入剂使用护理质量中评估正确率、操作使用方法正确率、患者及家属对吸入剂相关知识的掌握率和交接班的合格率的情况。结果专科质量指标实施后,吸入剂使用护理质量中评估正确率、操作使用方法正确率、患者及家属对吸入剂相关知识的掌握率和交接班的合格率均高于实施前,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论吸入剂专科质量指标的实施,能有效的提高呼吸专科优质护理质量,进一步提高专科护士的业务素质,且该指标的数据易于收集,指标和标准基于科学文献于临床实践,是有效和可靠的,具有科学性和可行性。     

Do family physicians need more payment for working better? Financial incentives in primary care

IntroductionFinancial incentives are widely used in health services to improve the quality of care or to reach some specific targets. Pay for performance systems were also introduced in the primary health care systems of many European countries.ObjectiveOur study aims to describe and compare recent existing primary care indicators and related financing in European countries.MethodsLiterature search was performed and questionnaires were sent to primary care experts of different countries within the European General Practice Research Network.ResultsTen countries have published primary care quality indicators (QI) associated with financial incentives. The number of QI varies from 1 to 134 and can modify the finances of physicians with up to 25% of their total income.ConclusionsThe implementations of these schemes should be critically evaluated with continuous monitoring at national or regional level; comparison is required between targets and their achievements, health gains and use of resources as well.     

胸痹心痛病因病机研究述评

目的：探讨胸痹心痛病因病机及其各证型与临床检测指标相关性。方法：收集整理并归纳、总结古今中外关于胸痹心痛病因病机理论研究、冠心病的病理机制及危险因素研究以及胸痹心痛各证型与临床检测指标相关性的研究资料。结果：胸痹心痛相当于西医的冠心病,系因胸阳不振,阴寒痰浊留踞胸廓,或心气不足,鼓动乏力,使气血痹阻,心失血养所致,以胸闷及发作性心胸疼痛为主要表现的内脏痹病类疾病。病机上焦阳虚,阴邪上乘,邪正相搏。现代医学研究表明,冠心病的发生与炎症反应、超敏C-反应蛋白、D-二聚体、胱抑素-C、热休克蛋白60、冠心病易感基因、脂联素等密切相关。关于胸痹心痛各证型与临床检测指标相关性研究方面,学者们做了很多有益的尝试并取得可喜进展,但观点并不统一。结论：胸痹心痛各证型与临床检测指标相关性方面,有待进一步研究。