Nasal symmetry after different techniques of primary lip repair for unilateral complete cleft lip with or without cleft of the alveolus and palate: A systematic review

The aim of this systematic review was to establish the effect of different surgical repairs for the lip on nasal symmetry. PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Ovid databases search was performed initially for only English-language articles, in patients with unilateral complete cleft lip with or without cleft alveolus and palate (UCCLAP) who were younger than 1 year of age and undergoing cleft lip repair, and are published from the earliest data available up to December 31, 2020. The primary outcome variable was nasal symmetry, with reported complications being secondary variables. A qualitative synthesis was provided. A total of 19,828 records were obtained, and 17 articles were selected for final review. Assessment of the risk of bias of the included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (N-1) was done with the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 (RoB-2) tool, and the ROBINS-I tool was used for non-randomized studies (n = 14). Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) was applied to evaluate the quality of the body of evidence. The majority of the included studies compared the triangular repair with the rotation advancement (RA) techniques, and preferred RA or its modifications. In terms of the nasal symmetry, the Fisher repair proved to be superior to the RA technique. Neither RA nor straight line repair was superior to one another. The Delaire technique may be preferred over the modified RA. Also, satisfactory outcomes were observed with simultaneous lip?nose repair. This systematic review examined a plethora of techniques, and the heterogeneity between studies was very high regarding type of surgery, method of nasal symmetry assessment, and length of follow-up, thus producing low-quality evidence; therefore, results should be interpreted with caution. Future research requires RCTs with larger sample sizes and appropriate length of follow-up, and surgeries preferably performed by a single experienced surgeon.     

子宫内膜癌抑癌基因研究进展

子宫内膜癌是妇女常见的恶性肿瘤之一,发病率有逐年上升的趋势。随着分子生物学和免疫学的发展,关于子宫内膜癌分子水平的致癌机制研究日益深入,如癌基因、抑癌基因、DNA错配修复基因、雌激素代谢酶相关基因、甾体激素受体基因和细胞周期调控蛋白等。综述目前研究热点——抑癌基因的进展,为进一步探讨子宫内膜癌的发生发展、临床治疗及预后的判断提供重要依据。     

Spheroid culture of LuCaP 147 as an authentic preclinical model of prostate cancer subtype with SPOP mutation and hypermutator phenotype

LuCaP serially transplantable xenografts are valuable preclinical models of locally advanced or metastatic prostate cancer. For the first time, we recently succeeded in establishing and serially passaging spheroid cultures of several LuCaP xenografts. Here, we characterized in depth the molecular and cellular phenotype of LuCaP 147 cultures and found faithful retention of the characteristics of the original xenograft, including immunophenotype, genetic fidelity, gene expression profile and responsiveness to androgen. Furthermore, we demonstrated capabilities for high-throughput drug screening and that anti-cancer agents induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in spheroid cultures. Finally, we showed that cells formed tumors when re-introduced into mice, providing an authentic in vitro–in vivo preclinical model of a subtype of prostate cancer with a hypermutator phenotype and an SPOP mutation.     

纵向可延长钛金属肋骨假体技术治疗先天性脊柱侧弯合并胸廓畸形

目的 报道我们采用纵向可延长钛金属肋骨假体(VEPTR)技术治疗先天性脊柱侧弯合并胸廓畸形的初步体会.方法 5例先天性脊柱侧弯合并胸廓畸形的患儿,男3例,女3例,平均年龄8.3岁(4.7～12.2岁);均自出生就发现脊柱畸形并呈进行性加重.除1例曾经接受过弧度段脊柱张力钢丝捆绑治疗外,其余病例均无过去手术史;所有病例体格矮小、躯体平衡失调并倒向凸侧;肺功能检测明显低下,其中最大肺活量(VCMAX)和最大自主通气量(MVV)分别只有同年龄、同身高正常预测值的24.8%～48.1%(平均32.8%)和20.8%～54.4%(平均34.5%);胸段脊柱混合型分节、分化不良,3例存在凹侧肋骨融合畸形;术前Cobb's角平均为77.6°(63°～106°);CT及CT三维重建测量,脊柱旋转(SR)平均为19.6°(11.4°～26.8°),胸廓旋转(TR)平均为61.4°(34.2°～477.2°),后半胸廓对称度(PHSR)平均为2.4(1.2～3.6);MRI脊髓扫描未发现异常.手术在神经监护仪下进行,所有病例均I期完成手术,4例进行了肋骨开放截骨,术中4例胸膜壁层破裂,所有病例胸膜脏层均保持完整.所有病例均各安置了肋骨-肋骨、肋骨-脊柱钛肋各一组.结果 所有病例均获得随访,平均随访时间14个月(12～18个月),所有病例均已完成了2次延长.术后所有病例躯体平衡获得明显改善,凹侧胸廓扩大,骨盆倾斜平衡恢复,脊柱高度增加,身高平均增长4.4 cm(3～7 cm).所有患儿肺功能检查均较术前有不同程度提高,VCMAX和MVV平均增加35 7%(10.4%～78.4%)和51.7%(8.2%～84.9%).呼吸系统易患感染、活动后气急等现象明显改善.脊柱畸形均有所矫正,Cobb's角测量平均57°(44°～69°),家长对患儿外观改变均表示满意.结论 VEPTR技术对于治疗先天性脊柱侧弯合并胸廓畸形所致的胸腔功能不全综合症显示了一定的效果,肺功能改善,脊柱畸形控制,脊柱生长继续,躯体平衡恢复.其中长期功效和并发症尚待观察.     

足中跗骨联合截骨治疗儿童蚕豆足畸形

目的 介绍足中跗骨联合截骨(外侧骰骨闭合性楔形截骨和内侧楔状骨开放性楔形截骨)治疗儿童复发性马蹄内翻足之蚕豆足畸形的手术方法,并初步评价其临床疗效.方法 自2004年至今,采用该方法治疗儿童复发性马蹄内翻足之蚕豆足畸形共24例28足,具体操作方法:足中跗骨联合截骨分别在足内、外侧作两个手术切口,Ⅰ期进行骰骨的闭合性楔形截骨(基底位于背外侧)与内侧楔状骨冠状面开放性楔形截骨(截骨点位于其中点).在骰骨截除楔形骨块后,将该楔形骨块嵌入内侧楔状骨截骨间隙内,产生前足外展、中足内旋和骰骨截骨间隙闭合的作用,并使用自制门形钉固定两处截骨.并对随访两年以上的14例16足从临床外观和放射学的角度测量评价该手术的临床疗效.结果 随访超过2年者总计为14例16足,其临床外观和放射学改变均有明显改善,跟骨-第四跖骨角从术前平均-32°改善到术后平均-16°,距骨-第一跖骨角从术前平均-18°改善到术后平均-4°,但有1足发生内侧楔状骨移植骨块移位,导致矫形丢失.结论 足中跗骨联合截骨是治疗儿童复发性马蹄内翻足(或称之为先天性马蹄内翻足治疗后的遗留畸形)之"蚕豆足"畸形的有效方法,其操作简单、安全,疗效肯定,且不需要更多的软组织松解,适用于4岁以上或内侧楔状骨已经良好骨化的患儿.     

Effectiveness of Interventions of Specific Complaints of the Arm, Neck, and/or Shoulder: 3 Musculoskeletal Disorders of the Hand. An Update

Huisstede BM, van Middelkoop M, Randsdorp MS, Glerum S, Koes BW. Effectiveness of interventions of specific complaints of the arm, neck, and/or shoulder: 3 musculoskeletal disorders of the hand. An update.

Objectives

To provide an evidence-based overview of the effectiveness of conservative and surgical interventions for trigger finger, Dupuytren's, and De Quervain's diseases.

Data Sources

The Cochrane Library, PEDro, PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL were searched to identify relevant studies.

Study Selection

Two reviewers independently applied the inclusion criteria to select potential relevant studies from the title and abstracts of the references retrieved by the literature search. Relevant (Cochrane) reviews and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included.

Data Extraction

Two reviewers independently extracted the data and performed a methodologic quality assessment.

Data Synthesis

A best-evidence synthesis was performed to summarize the results of the included trials. One Cochrane review (trigger finger) and 13 RCTs (trigger finger [6], Dupuytren's [4], De Quervain's [3]) were included. The trials reported on physiotherapy (De Quervain's), steroid injections (trigger finger, De Quervain's), surgical treatment (trigger finger, De Quervain's), and a postsurgical treatment (Dupuytren's). For trigger finger, moderate evidence was found for the effectiveness of steroid injections in the short-term (1-4wk) but not for long-term outcomes. Limited evidence was found for the effectiveness of staples compared with sutures in skin closure and for intermittent compression after surgery to treat Dupuytren's disease. For other interventions, no evidence was found.

Conclusions

Indications for effectiveness of some interventions for trigger finger, Dupuytren's, and De Quervain's diseases were found. Because only a few RCTs were identified, it is difficult to draw firm conclusions. High-quality RCTs are clearly needed in this field.     

Case report: acute forearm compartment syndrome due to sudden, forceful supination of the hand

Acute compartment syndrome is a limb-threatening condition if not recognized and treated promptly. Appropriate management includes early fasciotomy, which often results in better functional outcomes. Although there are many causes of compartment syndrome, the common findings are significant pain, swelling, and limited range of motion. Diagnosis is usually based on physical findings in the setting of a compelling history. Before surgical intervention, the diagnosis is usually confirmed by measuring elevated compartment pressures. The patient described in this case report developed acute compartment syndrome of the forearm after his hand became trapped in machinery that applied sudden supination to the hand, and avulsed the distal portion of the left index finger. There was no direct trauma to the forearm. In this case, acute compartment syndrome was likely due to a combination of contained hemorrhage into the muscle sheath, closed muscle strain causing edema, and possibly axial traction applied to the tendons of the index finger. Acute compartment syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis for any patient complaining of severe pain in an extremity, even in the absence of commonly recognized mechanisms of injury.     

Sonographically Guided Percutaneous First Annular Pulley Release

Objective. The purpose of this study was to assess the safety of sonographically guided percutaneous finger and thumb first annular (A1) pulley releases performed using needle and hook knife techniques in an unembalmed cadaveric model. Methods. A single operator completed 50 (40 fingers and 10 thumbs) sonographically guided percutaneous A1 pulley releases in unembalmed cadavers using previously described needle and hook knife techniques and simulated local anesthesia. Half of the fingers and thumbs were completed with each technique. An experienced observer blinded to the technique dissected each specimen and assessed for neurovascular, flexor tendon, and A2 pulley injury. Completeness of release was also recorded as a secondary outcome. Results. No neurovascular or A2 pulley injury occurred in any digit, regardless of technique. No significant flexor tendon injury was seen in any digit, although minor surface scratches were visualized in 3 cases (6%; 2 knife and 1 needle). The hook knife technique was significantly more likely to result in a complete pulley release compared to the needle technique (22 of 25 [88%] versus 8 of 25 [32%]; P < .001). Conclusions. Sonographically guided percutaneous A1 pulley releases can be performed safely using previously described needle and hook knife techniques. The safety margin for thumb releases is less than that for finger releases, particularly with respect to the radial digital nerve. These cadaveric data support recently published clinical investigations recommending consideration of sonographically guided percutaneous A1 pulley release in the management of patients with a disabling trigger finger.     

外科皮瓣重建修复指端缺损

【目的】探讨应用外科皮瓣重建指端缺损的疗效并探讨其治疗策略。【方法】回顾性分析2003年1月至2008年12月采用伤指邻近皮瓣和游离足趾皮瓣修复手指指端缺损285例328指的临床资料。【结果】术后伤指邻近皮瓣中有13例手指袁浅坏死,游离足趾皮瓣全部成活。术后随访2周～1年,皮瓣的血运、质地、弹性良好,感觉以指神经血管束蒂皮瓣恢复最佳,与术前相近似;游离足趾皮瓣、侧支血管皮瓣的两点辨别觉为5～10mm,手指活动好,外观令人满意。【结论】严格掌握手术适应证,选择伤指邻近皮瓣和游离足趾皮瓣可修复指端缺损创面,并获得良好的修复外形和满意的功能恢复。     

小儿断指再植的术后护理

小儿断指再植术,其手术及护理都较成人难,一旦出现再植失败,则给患儿及其家属造成身体和心理上的双重伤害,也给再次手术带来极大难度,因此精心的术后护理十分关键。我科2004年5月-2099年4月对48例71指患儿行再植术,成活率达97．2％,外形及功能恢复均较满意。现将术后护理报告如下。