显微内窥镜下椎间盘切除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床研究

目的探讨显微内窥镜下椎间盘切除术(MED)治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床效果和技术要点。方法采用MED治疗腰椎间盘突出症157例患者,随访观察疗效。结果随访157例,平均随访(6±0.5)个月,优良率91%。结论应用MED治疗腰椎间盘突出症具有疗效好、损伤小、恢复快等特点。     

Photoprotection by melanin—a comparison of black and Caucasian skin

The photoprotective role of melanin was evaluated by comparing the transmission of ultraviolet (UV) radiation through skin samples of blacks and Caucasians, using both biologic and spectroscopic techniques. UVA transmission was measured using fluoranthene, which causes a phototoxic response to UVA wavelength. UVB was measured by monitoring erythema produced by either a 150-watt xenon arc or FS-20 sunlamps. It was found that on the average, five times as much ultraviolet light (UVB and UVA) reaches the upper dermis of Caucasians as reaches that of blacks. Differences in transmission between the stratum corneum of blacks and of Caucasians were far less striking. The main site of UV filtration in Caucasians is the stratum corneum, whereas in blacks it is the malpighian layers. Melanin acts as a neutral density filter, reducing all wavelengths of light equally. The superior photoprotection of black epidermis is due not only to increased melanin content but also to other factors related to packaging and distribution of melanosomes. Not only are these data consistent with epidemiologic evidence, but they also may indicate why blacks are less disposed to phototoxic drug responses as well as less susceptible to acute and chronic actinic damage.     

Nosocomial viral respiratory infections: perennial weeds on pediatric wards

The frequency and importance of nosocomial infections of the respiratory tract in pediatrics have generally been underestimated. In part this has resulted from the emphasis on bacterial infections which occur primarily in select at-risk populations. Most respiratory infections in pediatric patients, hospital- and community-acquired, are viral and all patients are potentially susceptible The epidemiologic patterns of these viral respiratory agents on the ward mirror those seen in the community in terms of frequency, season, age affected and severity of illness. Hence, the most frequent nosocomial agents are the viruses that occur in outbreaks or epidemics and cause respiratory illness, epidemic respiratory viruses--respiratory syncytial virus, which causes the greatest morbidity and mortality; influenza, and the parainfluenza viruses. Their import, as exemplified by respiratory syncytial virus, results from (1) the severity of disease produced in young children, which is magnified in those hospitalized with certain underlying conditions; (2) the abundant and prolonged viral shedding, allowing easy spread; (3) the potential susceptibility of all patients and staff, since infections recur throughout life; and (4) the difficulty in controlling nosocomial spread.     

MED椎间盘镜手术38例

目的 探讨经椎间盘镜治疗旁侧型腰椎间盘突出症或合并侧隐窝狭窄症的方法及疗效。方法 采用脊柱后路椎间盘镜技术（MED）行旁侧型腰椎间盘突出物摘除及侧隐窝扩大术38例。结果 35例获随访,时间3-11个月（平均6个月）。疗效优31例、良3例、可1例。无差级疗效及相关并发症发生。结论 MED除能达到解除临床症状的目的外,主要优势为微创、腰椎后结构及软组织损伤小、出血少、患者乐于接受;旁侧型腰椎间盘突出症或合并侧隐窝狭窄症为最佳适应证;操作者必须具备熟练的常规椎间盘手术技巧。     

Estudio de la dosis eritematosa mínima en una serie de urticaria solar

BackgroundReduced minimal erythema dose (MED) is an abnormal erythematous reaction to light according to the skin phototype, which is determined by phototest. MED is reduced or abnormal in some photodermatoses. However, we have not found information about reduced MED in patients with solar urticarial (SU), a condition which causes hives after sun exposure.ObjectiveTo determine MED in a series of patients with SU.MethodsWe conducted a prospective study of SU cases diagnosed in our department between January 2007 and December 2017, either by anamnesis, provocation with natural sunlight or provocation with artificial light sources. In all patients, a phototest with reading at 24 h was performed according to the protocol of the Spanish Group of Photobiology. Variables related to the patient (age, sex, phototype), disease (time of evolution, action spectrum) and others related to possible reduced MED (autoantibodies, phototoxic medication) were collected.ResultsTwenty-five patients were studied. Six patients (24%) had abnormal MED. Eighty-three percent of patients with abnormal MED were men, and 50% had action spectrum in UVB.ConclusionAbnormal MED can be seen in up to a fourth of the patients with SU. This could have implications in the selection of patients and protocols for treatment with phototherapy.     

后路椎间盘镜联合棘突间非融合技术治疗腰椎间盘突出症临床分析

目的探讨后路椎间盘镜联合腰椎棘突间Coflex非融合固定技术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效。方法对自2009年3月~2010年10月收治的15例L3、4、L4、5腰椎间盘突出症,采用后路椎间盘镜下髓核摘除联合棘突间Coflex非融合固定。结果手术时间(78±12)min;出血量(102±18)ml;ODI评分:术前(35.8±1.5)%,术后3个月(12.2±1.6)%,术后12个月(9.1±1.3)%。Macnab评分结果:优6例,良8例,可1例,优良率93.3%。术前与术后功能评分有统计学意义(P<0.05);术前及术后3、12个月随访腰椎受累节段椎间隙后缘高度,显示术前与术后差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论后路椎间盘镜微创联合棘突间Coflex非融合技术治疗腰椎间盘突出症有较好的临床效果;对椎间盘退变的短期效果较好,长期疗效尚需积累更多手术病例和较长时间的随访。     

High-grade uterine sarcoma with osteosarcomatous differentiation arising from a MED12-mutated leiomyoma,a case report

Uterine osteosarcoma has been reported, but it is an extremely rare tumor with highly aggressive behavior and poor prognosis. The pathogenesis of uterine osteosarcoma is not fully understood. Herein, we report on a high-grade uterine sarcoma with focal osteosarcomatous differentiation that developed from a long-standing MED12-mutated leiomyoma. A 47-year-old nulligravida woman, with known uterine leiomyoma presented with abdominal pain and distention. Imaging analyses revealed a tumor with a large cystic area in the uterine corpus and multiple metastases in intrapelvic and paraaortic lymph nodes, left ovary and left lung. With a clinical diagnosis of uterine sarcoma the patient underwent abdominal total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, partial omentectomy and removal of the left obturator lymph node. Despite postoperative chemotherapy and radiation therapy, the tumor progressed rapidly. She died 18 weeks after the surgery. Histopathologic examination identified a high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma in which focal osteoid production was observed. This high-grade sarcoma with focal osteosarcomatous differentiation was located within the uterine leiomyoma, and Sanger sequencing showed the identical MED12 L36R mutation in both the osteosarcomatous and leiomyomatous components supporting the shared origin of these two components. We, therefore, concluded that the high-grade sarcoma with osteosarcomatous differentiation arose from the transformation of the precedent leiomyoma.