右美托咪定与丙泊酚对外科术后机械通气患者镇静效果及血流动力学的影响

目的 探究右美托咪定与丙泊酚对外科术后机械通气患者镇静效果及血流动力学的影响。方法 将我院60例外科手术后机械通气患者作为研究对象,电脑随机将其分成右美托咪定组和丙泊酚组,各30例。右美托咪定组给予右美托咪定治疗,丙泊酚组给予丙泊酚治疗,比较两种方法的镇静效果及对血流动力学的影响。结果 镇静30 min后,两组的Ramsay镇静评分对比差异无统计学意义(Z=1.23,P>0.05);右美托咪定组心动过缓(6.67%)、低血压(13.33%)、低血压合并心动过缓(3.33%)发生率分别低于丙泊酚组(30.00%、36.67%、26.67%),两组间对比差异有统计学意义(χ2分别为5.45、4.36、6.41,P均<0.05)。结论 给予外科术后机械通气患者右美托咪定或丙泊酚,均有更好的镇静效果,但右美托咪定对于血流动力学的影响较小,更适用于机械通气患者。     

早期心脏康复对先心病患儿介入术后心功能及运动耐力的影响

目的 探索早期心脏康复在先心病介入术治疗患儿中应用对心功能、运动耐力的影响。方法 在我科2017年1月—2019年8月收诊的先心病介入术治疗患儿中选出100例为研究对象,根据术后护理方法分组,对照组患儿给予常规护理措施,实验组患儿在此基础上给予早期心脏康复护理,对比两组的术后心电监护时间、术后住院时间、心功能、6 min步行距离、生存质量评分等。结果 实验组患儿术后心电监护时间和住院时间均短于对照组,t值分别为6.803、9.369,P＜0.001;术前两组的LVEF、LVED差异无统计学意义,t值分别为0.354、0.380,P值为0.724、0.705,术后12周,两组的LVEF、LVED差异无统计学意义,t值分别为0.666、0.659,P值为0.507、0.511;实验组内LVEF、LVED差异有统计学意义,t值分别是7.841、6.055,P＜0.001,对照组内LVEF、LVED差异有统计学意义,t值分别是7.294、4.871,P＜0.001;术后12周,实验组的6 min步行距离长于对照组,t值为7.617,P＜0.001;术后12周生存质量量表的心脏症状、外貌感受、治疗焦虑、认知心理、交流沟通评分比较:实验组均高于对照组,t值分别是5.133、4.603、4.073、3.843、4.361,P＜0.001。结论 早期心脏康复在先心病介入术患儿中应用效果肯定,有助于促进患儿术后运动耐力的改善,促进患儿术后早日康复,提高生存质量。     

超声刀在MED治疗腰椎间盘突出症中的应用

目的 探讨超声刀应用于后路脊柱显微内窥镜椎间盘摘除术(Microendoscopic Discectomy MED)治疗腰椎间盘突出症中的优势与疗效.方法 我院自2005年1月～11月将根据患者症状、体征、体查、CT和或MRI确诊的腰椎间盘突出症患者97例随机分为两组,超声刀 MED组45例,采用超声刀处理椎板下缘等骨性结构;而常规MED手术组52例采用枪钳或电动磨钻处理.结果 超声刀 MED组与常规MED组平均手术时间分别为42 min和75 min,平均术中失血量分别为29 ml和61 ml,平均术后引流量分别为13 ml和29 ml,差异均有显著性(P＜0.05);两组所有病例获得13月(6～17月)随访,按Macnnab标准,优良率分别为95.6%和92.3%,差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论 超声刀切割骨骼的同时不损伤软组织,且有同步止血功能,操作安全方便,能缩短MED手术时间,不失为脊柱手术一种理想的辅助工具.     

腹腔镜下超声刀小儿肾输尿管切除术

目的：探讨腹腔镜下超声刀小儿肾输尿管切除手术的操作特点及疗效。方法：对5例肾发育不全、多房性肾囊性变和重复肾合并输尿管异位开口的病孩，使用微型腹腔镜及超声刀技术施行肾输尿管切除术或部分肾及输尿管切除术。结果：5例手术均获成功。手术耗时105－268分钟，平均152分钟。术中出血不少15ml,术后无继发性出务、无手术合并症。结论：腹腔镜超声刀技术能安全、有效地应用于肾或部分肾输尿管切除术，有利于病孩术后的恢复。     

Patient-specific mechanical properties of a flexible multi-body model of the scoliotic spine

The flexibility of the scoliotic spine is an important biomechanical parameter to take into account in the planning of surgical instrumentation. The objective of the paper was to develop a method to characterisein vivo the mechanical properties of the scoliotic spine using a flexible multi-body model. Vertebrae were represented as rigid bodies, and intervertebral elements were defined at every level using a spherical joint and three torsion springs. The initial mechanical properties of motion segments were defined fromin vitro experimental data reported in the literature. They were adjusted using an optimisation algorithm to reduce the discrepancy between the simulated and the measured Ferguson angles in lateral bending of three spine segments (major or compensatory left thoracic, right thoracic and left lumbar scoliosis curves). The flexural rigidity of the spine segments was defined in three categories (flexible, nominal, rigid) according to the estimated mechanical factors (α). This approach was applied with ten scoliotic patients under-going spinal correction. Personalisation of the model resulted in an increase of the initial flexural rigidity for seven of the ten lumbar segments (1.38≤α≤10.0) and four of the ten right thoracic segments (1.74≤α≤5.18). The adjustment of the mechanical parameters based on the lateral bending tests improved the model's ability to predict the spine shape change described by the Ferguson angles by up to 50%. The largest differences after personalisation were for the left lumbar segments in left bending (4⁰±3⁰). Thein vivo identification of the mechanical properties of the scoliotic spine will improve the ability of biomechanical models adequately to predict the surgical correction, which should help clinicians in the planning of surgical instrumentation manoeuvres.     

鼻内镜手术后筛窦黏膜转归的病理组织形态学观察及临床意义

目的：了解鼻内镜手术后修复各阶段筛窦黏膜的组织学转归情况，探讨术后筛窦黏膜转归过程的组织形态学规律，为完善治疗、提高手术治愈率提供科学的依据。方法：采用Messerklinger术式治疗22例成年慢性鼻窦炎（CS）及慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉（CSNP）患者，分别在术后恢复的3个阶段进行形态学观察和光镜、电镜检查。结果：（1）术腔清洁阶段术腔分泌物潴留，光镜下上皮缺失、黏膜缺损，水肿，炎性细胞浸润，黏膜下出血；（2）黏膜转归竞争阶段可有囊泡、小息肉和肉芽生长，光镜下上皮细胞增生，部分杯状细胞增生，黏膜下腺体增生或减少；（3）上皮化完成阶段见术腔清洁，镜下大部分黏膜基本恢复正常，部分固有层为致密结缔组织取代，可见不典型腺体。结论：鼻内镜术后筛窦黏膜可以再生，鼻内镜术中、术后筛窦黏膜的正确保护和处理对黏膜再生修复有重要作用。     

基于ERAS理念的HAPA模型健康教育在肝切除术中的应用效果

目的 探讨基于加速康复外科（ERAS）理念的健康行动过程取向（HAPA）模型健康教育在肝切除术中的应用效果。方法 选取2020年1月至2022年6月在湖北省荆州市第一人民医院行肝切除术的患者90例,按照随机数字表法,分为干预组和对照组,每组45例。对照组给予常规健康教育,干预组给予基于ERAS理念的HAPA模型健康教育,比较两组患者术后身体体征恢复情况、自我效能感、健康行为、自我管理能力差异。结果 干预组患者首次活动时间为（23.87±4.32）min、首次进食时间为（9.87±2.67）h、首次通气时间为（45.28±4.32）min、引流管拔管时间为（22.45±4.25）h、住院时间为（10.53±2.85）d,均短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;干预后,干预组患者自我效能感量表、健康促进生活方式量表Ⅱ、成年人健康自我管理能力测评量表评分均高于对照组,且干预前后各指标差值比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 肝切除术患者采用基于ERAS理念的HAPA模型健康教育干预,能够提高术后身体体征恢复效率,改善患者自我效能感、健康行为及自我管理能力。     

Microsurgical cordotomy in 20 patients with epi-/intradural fibrosis following operation for lumbar disc herniation

Summary Using an improved microsurgical technique, cordotomy was carried out by the cervicothoracic route in 20 patients with persistent radicular pain due to epi-/intradural fibrosis following operation for lumbar disc herniation. 65% of them had good long-term results with respect to radicular pain (follow-up period 6–132 months; mean 66 months). Permanent severe motor impairment was not observed. In patients with severe pain of benign organic origin microsurgical cordotomy can be considered as a last resort.     

Impaired renal function due to raised intraabdominal pressure

A 19-year-old male developed renal failure after a laparotomy for liver trauma (urinary output of 30 ml/h, plasma creatinine 220 mol/l). Surgical decompression of the abdomen was performed without any attempt at correcting the underlying pathology. This reduced the intraabdominal pressure (IAP) from 40 to 24 cm H₂O and resulted in a massive diuresis (530 ml/h). Twenty-four hours later the plasma creatinine peaked at 280 mol/l and then returned to within the normal range. This case report confirms that there is a direct relationship between IAP and renal function.     

Fusarium endocarditis involving aortic valve following coronary artery surgery

This article describes a case of infective aortic valve endocarditisdue to Fusarium oxysporum occurring 4 years after coronary arterybypass grafting. It is the first reported case of endocarditiscaused by Fusarium.