儿童突发性感音神经性听力损失的诊治体会

对18例20耳8～14岁突发性感音神经性听力损失患儿的临床资料进行了总结和分析,结果表明儿童突发性感音神经性听力损失发病与首诊之间病程较长,部分患儿有上感、流行性腮腺炎病史,可能和听力损失发生有关.儿童突发性感音神经性听力损失治疗效果类似于成人患者,而全聋者疗效差.东菱克栓酶同样适于治疗儿童突发性感音神经性听力损失且疗效和安全性较好,无明显的出血倾向和其它并发症.     

Association of Loss of Heterozygosity at the p53 Locus with Chemoresistance in Osteosarcomas

Although the osteosarcoma is considered to be among the most chemosensitive malignancies and preoperative chemotherapy is commonly applied, an appreciable proportion of cases are in fact quite insensitive. Predictive markers for chemosensitivity are therefore desirable in order to develop effective treatment strategies. Thirty-two cases of conventional osteosarcomas treated at the Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo, were analyzed. The sensitivity to preoperative chemotherapy was investigated with reference to loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the 17p13 ( p 53) and 13q14 ( Rb ) loci and expression of the cell-cycle associated proteins, p53, Rb, p21/Waf-1, mdm-2 and Ki-67, as detected immunohistochemically. LOH was detected by analyzing polymerase chain reaction products at marker microsatellite loci. The efficacy of chemotherapy was evaluated both radiologically and histologically. LOH at p 53 or Rb loci was seen in 54% (13/24) and 58% (14/24) of cases, respectively. Only 15% of osteosarcomas with LOH at the p 53 locus were sensitive to preoperative chemotherapy, as compared to 64% of tumors without such loss ( P <0.05). A similar but much less distinct tendency was observed with LOH at the Rb locus. No relationship was evident between chemosensitivity and immunohistochemical staining patterns for p53, Rb, p21/Waf-1, mdm-2 or Ki-67. The results suggest that p 53 gene deletion, but not the other parameters investigated, may be useful for predicting chemoresistance of osteosarcomas.     

RFLP法检测IGF2和H19基因胚胎印迹缺失

目的探讨肾母细胞瘤的发生、发展与IGF2和H19基因胚胎印迹缺失（LOI）的关系。方法PCR－RFLP法检测6例肾母细胞瘤中IGF2和H19的等位基因表达。结果6例中3例存在IGF2基因的LOI，而H19基因的LOI仅为1例，并且，这两种基因的LOI均可在I期肿瘤内被检测到。结论提示肾母细胞瘤的发生与IGF2基因的LOI有密切关系；这种胚胎印迹紊乱可发生在肿瘤的早期。     

河南食管癌高发区居民食管癌变过程中微卫星LOH的特征

目的微卫星（microsatellite）是广泛分布于生物基因组中的DNA重复序列，与许多重要基因紧密连锁。本研究旨在探讨食管癌变多阶段演进过程中微卫星DNA杂合缺失（loss of heterozygosity，LOH）的特征及其意义。方法采用微卫星DNA多态分析法，选取染色体3p、5q、6p、9p、13q、17p、17q和18q的15个多态微卫星位点，对32例食管癌前病变和癌组织进行LOH分析。结果食管各级癌前病变组织和癌组织均出现不同程度的微卫星DNALOH，其频率随病变程度加重而明显升高（除D9S1752位点外，P均〈0．05）；其中D9S171、D13S260和TP53位点在癌阶段，LOH频率均超过60％。各级癌前病变组织和癌组织中发生LOH的位点不尽相同，同一个体从基底细胞过度增生→间变→原位癌→鳞状细胞癌，均发生LOH的位点是：D3S1234和TP53。结论基因水平的改变发生在食管癌变的早期阶段，随病变程度加重，基因组不稳定性增强，可能是导致食管癌前病变持续向癌的方向发展的重要机制之一。     

Acute Kidney Injury in Adults: An Underdiagnosed Condition

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a complex disease process that is increasingly common and has an increased rate of adverse outcomes and mortality. It is commonly underdiagnosed in inpatient and community settings by many providers. This article is a comprehensive review of AKI from risk factors to diagnosis to management and follow-up.     

Aorto-Caval Fistula Due to Rupture of Abdominal Aneurysm

Abstract

Two operated cases of aorto-caval fistula due to ruptured abdominal aneurysm are reported. This is a rare and real surgical emergency and is fatal without operation. The classical symptoms of high-output failure occurring simultaneously with the findings of an expansible abdominal mass with thrill and bruit should facilitate clinical diagnosis.     

Computerized electronystagmography: normative data revisited

This study provides normative data from computerized electronystagmography (ENG) testing of 40 healthy subjects with an average age of 45 years. The clinical test protocol comprises an extensive vestibular examination with oculomotor, positional, rotary chair and caloric tests. The results show that with a computerized ENG set-up considerable variabilities of 22% for rotary chair asymmetry and 19% for caloric labyrinth asymmetry remain.     

Effects of auditory training in individuals with high-frequency hearing loss

OBJECTIVE:To determine the effects of a formal auditory training program on the behavioral, electrophysiological and subjective aspects of auditory function in individuals with bilateral high-frequency hearing loss.METHOD:A prospective study of seven individuals aged 46 to 57 years with symmetric, moderate high-frequency hearing loss ranging from 3 to 8 kHz was conducted. Evaluations of auditory processing (sound location, verbal and non-verbal sequential memory tests, the speech-in-noise test, the staggered spondaic word test, synthetic sentence identification with competitive ipsilateral and contralateral competitive messages, random gap detection and the standard duration test), auditory brainstem response and long-latency potentials and the administration of the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit questionnaire were performed in a sound booth before and immediately after formal auditory training.RESULTS:All of the participants demonstrated abnormal pre-training long-latency characteristics (abnormal latency or absence of the P3 component) and these abnormal characteristics were maintained in six of the seven individuals at the post-training evaluation. No significant differences were found between ears in the quantitative analysis of auditory brainstem responses or long-latency potentials. However, the subjects demonstrated improvements on all behavioral tests. For the questionnaire, the difference on the background noise subscale achieved statistical significance.CONCLUSION:Auditory training in adults with high-frequency hearing loss led to improvements in figure-background hearing skills for verbal sounds, temporal ordination and resolution, and communication in noisy environments. Electrophysiological changes were also observed because, after the training, some long latency components that were absent pre-training were observed during the re-evaluation.