化痰通络汤联合康复训练治疗急性缺血性脑卒中临床研究

目的:观察化痰通络汤联合康复训练治疗急性缺血性脑卒中的临床效果。方法:将急性缺血性脑卒中患者60例,按随机数字表法分为对照组与观察组各30例。2组均给予常规西医治疗,对照组加用康复训练,观察组在对照组的基础上联合化痰通络汤治疗。比较2组治疗前后中医证候积分、神经功能缺损情况及临床效果;观察2组治疗前后肢体运动功能、日常生活能力、肌力状况;记录治疗期间安全性。结果:观察组总有效率为86.67%,高于对照组的66.67%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组中医证候积分、神经功能缺损评分(NIHSS)较治疗前明显下降(P<0.05),且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组偏瘫运动功能(Brunnstrom)评分、肢体运动功能(FMA)评分较治疗前明显升高(P<0.05),且观察组明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组自理能力(BI)指数、肌力(MRC)评分较治疗前显著升高(P<0.05),且观察组明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗期间2组均未见明显不良反应。结论:化痰通络汤联合康复训练治疗急性缺血性脑卒中效果显著,可改善患者神经功能缺损及肢体运动功能,提高日常生活活动能力和肌力。     

断指再植术后应用脉搏血氧饱和度仪早期发现血管危象的研究

[目的]早期发现血管危象的发生,提高再植指成活率。[方法]将病人分为A组和B组,A组56例76指,于断指再植术后1d~5d内应用脉搏血氧饱和度仪监测再植指和对侧相应健指的经皮血氧饱和度(SpO2);B组为30例48指断指再植术后发生血管危象的病人,于危象时立即监测再植指和对侧相应健指的SpO2变化。[结果]A组再植指与健指SpO2变化无统计学意义(P>0.05),而B组再植指与健指SpO2差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。[结论]应用脉搏血氧饱和度仪对再植指进行SpO2监测,能及时发现血管危象,并有助于分析血管危象的类型。     

A systematic review investigating the identification,causes, and outcomes of delays in the management of chronic limb-threatening ischemia and diabetic foot ulceration

ObjectivePatients presenting with chronic limb-threatening ischemia and diabetic foot ulceration (DFU) are at high risk of major lower limb amputation. Long-standing concern exists regarding late presentation and delayed management contributing to increased amputation rates. Despite multiple guidelines existing on the management of both conditions, there is currently no accepted time frame in which to enact specialist care and treatment. This systematic review aimed to investigate potential time delays in the identification, referral, and management of both chronic limb-threatening ischemia and DFU.MethodsA systematic review conforming to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement standards was performed searching MEDLINE, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature from inception to November 14, 2018. All English-language qualitative and quantitative articles investigating or reporting the identification, causes, and outcomes of time delays within “high-income” countries (annual gross domestic product per person >$15,000) were included. Data were extracted independently by the investigators. Given the clinical crossover, both conditions were investigated together. A study protocol was designed and registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews.ResultsA total of 4780 articles were screened, of which 32 articles, involving 71,310 patients and 1388 health care professionals, were included. Twenty-three articles focused predominantly on DFU. Considerable heterogeneity was noted, and only 12 articles were deemed of high quality. Only four articles defined a delay, but this was not consistent between studies. Median times from symptom onset to specialist health care assessment ranged from 15 to 126 days, with subsequent median times from assessment to treatment ranging from 1 to 91 days. A number of patient and health care factors were consistently reported as potentially causative, including poor symptom recognition by the patient, inaccurate health care assessment, and difficulties in accessing specialist services. Twenty articles reported outcomes of delays, namely, rates of major amputation, ulcer healing, and all-cause mortality. Although results were heterogeneous, they allude to delays being associated with detrimental outcomes for patients.ConclusionsTime delays exist in all aspects of the management pathway, which are in some cases considerable in length. The causes of these are complex but reflect poor patient health-seeking behaviors, inaccurate health care assessment, and barriers to referral and treatment within the care pathway. The adoption of standardized limits for referral and treatment times, exploration of missed opportunities for diagnosis, and investigation of novel strategies for providing specialist care are required to help reduce delays.     

断指再植一体化功能康复计划设计与应用

目的探讨断指再植一体化系列功能康复计划的临床应用效果。方法采用将断指再植术、早期康复及晚期功能重建一体化的康复计划，对３８５例（指）断指再植者进行系统康复训练，全部病例术后随访超过６个月。结果术后２个月时，全部病例手指功能均有改善或部分恢复。术后６个月时，３５４例（指）恢复原工作，１２例（指）功能明显改善，１９例（指）功能无进一步改变。结论该康复计划把断指再植的每个康复训练过程都紧密地结合在一起，使患者得到不间断的连续治疗，形成了新的康复医疗体系，临床效果满意，值得推广。     

Les accidents d’extravasation perfusionnelle chez le nouveau-né : une expérience de 15 cas

Extravasation injuries are common complications that occur during infusion for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes by the peripheral or central venous catheters. In pediatric settings, iatrogenic extravasations are serious. When they are viewed late, they are sources of functional sequelae. The purpose of this study was to report our experience with the management of iatrogenic extravasations for therapeutic purposes. Between January 2010 and December 2012, fifteen newborns were supported for accidents of infusion of the upper and the lower limbs. The male was mostly affected. The mean age was 3.6 days, with extremes of one and nine days. The average birth weight was 2900 g. The range was 1200 g and 3550 g. Serum 10 % glucose and calcium chloride were implicated in all cases. The lesions were seen in the late stages III in six cases and IV in nine cases. The upper limbs were frequently affected. Nine lesions were in the upper limbs and six in the lower limbs. The dorsal surfaces, feet and hands were frequently affected in six and five cases, respectively. Two lesions were in the anterior aspect of the forearm and elbow. Elbows lesions were circular and realized a tourniquet effect. Treatment was conservative in eleven cases: five pro-inflammatory fatty dressings and six alcoholic dressings. The surgery was delayed in four cases. It combined excision-full thickness skin graft, excision-dressing-thin skin grafting, debridement and two-full thickness skin graft for retractable wrist scars. Two deaths were related to associate pathologies. One patient was lost for follow-up. Our results were satisfactory in functional, aesthetic and psychological aspects. Extravasation injuries are serious iatrogenic lesions. If the lesions are seen at an early stage in usual circumstances, in extreme exercise, they are seen late, sometimes at the stage of functional, psychological and cosmetic sequelae. The difficulty of the therapeutic management of these lesions requires prevention through the development of protocols and the permanent training of nursing staff for an efficient practice of infusion.     

From amputation to limb salvage reconstruction: evolution and role of the endoprosthesis in musculoskeletal oncology

In 1943, Austin Moore developed the first endoprosthesis fashioned from Vitallium, providing the first alternative to traditional amputation as primary treatment of bone tumors. The success of the Vitallium endoprosthesis has since then led to the development of new materials and designs further advancing limb salvage and reconstructive surgery. Combined with the advent of chemotherapy use and imaging advances, conservative treatment of musculoskeletal tumors has expanded greatly. As the implantable options increased with the development of the Lewis expandable adjustable prosthesis and the noninvasive Phenix Growing prosthesis, receiving the diagnosis of a bone tumor no longer equates to automatic limb loss. Our review details the history and development of endoprostheses throughout orthopedic oncology in the treatment of musculoskeletal tumors.