鞍侧腔外侧壁手术切开的应用解剖学研究

目的为经鞍侧腔(LSC)外侧壁手术切开提供解剖学基础。方法对15例(30侧)成人头颅标本的LSC外侧壁进行解剖观测。结果①硬膜内途径沿前岩床皱襞分离LSC外侧壁脑膜时却可将LSC外侧壁明确的分为3层;②动眼神经鞘膜袋前部深(4.69±1.31)mm,后部深(6.50±1.58)mm;③滑车神经LSC段可分为4型:近眼神经型30%(9侧)、近动眼神经型33.3%(10侧)、"S"型10%(3侧)、直型26.7%(8侧)。结论熟悉LSC外侧壁膜层次、动眼神经鞘膜袋及滑车神经走行特点,有助于减少或避免LSC外侧壁手术切开的并发症,有助于扩大手术显露。     

外侧裂区脑挫裂伤86例手术治疗效果观察

目的总结外侧裂区脑挫裂伤的手术治疗效果。方法回顾性分析86例外侧裂区脑挫裂伤手术治疗患者的临床资料。结果根据GOS标准,良好48例,中残11例,重残9例,植物生存5例,死亡13例。结论尽快充分解除外侧裂区血管受压能提高手术疗效。     

踝关节骨折治疗体会

目的:通过分析骨折受伤机制,探讨骨折治疗方法。方法:采取保守、手术及中药辨证施治。结果:平均随访时间8个月,优良率达95%。结论:明确受伤机制,准确的诊断分型及辨证施治可以取得良好的疗效。     

三踝骨折15例治疗体会

目的讨论三踝骨折的治疗方法,提高三踝骨折治疗的优良率。方法以我院2007年8月至2011年12月收治的15例三踝骨折患者为例,随机分为2组（A组和B组）,按照不同的治疗顺序进行固定,通过对其治疗效果进行总结与评价,分析三踝骨折的治疗手段。结果经过6～28个月的随访,A组和B组在优、良、可方面并无显著差异,P〉0.05。结论从现有的技术手段来看,三踝骨折固定顺序并不是影响疗效的主要因子。在三踝骨折的治疗中,要根据患者的具体情况,选择合适的固定顺序,可以有效提升治疗效果,更好的促进患者康复。     

Lateral Epicondylitis

Abstract

Occupationally acquired lateral epicondylitis is the focus of this case study. The patient is a 43 year old female who is employed as an electronics assembler with a one year history of left lateral epicondylitis. The evaluation and treatment of the patient is presented as well as pertinent literature that is relevant to the clinical situation.     

Anterolateral ankle impingement: findings and diagnostic accuracy with ultrasound imaging

Objective The objective was to evaluate the findings and diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in antero-lateral ankle impingement (ALI) with clinical and arthroscopic correlation. Design and patients Seventeen elite footballers with chronic ankle pain were referred for ultrasound with a clinical diagnosis of ALI (n = 8) or a control condition (n = 9; lateral mechanical instability, osteochondral defect, intra-articular bodies and osteoarthritis). Ultrasound examination included the antero-lateral gutter for abnormal synovial tissue (synovitic lesion), lateral ligament integrity, tibiotalar joint and osseous spurs of the distal tibia and talus. Ultrasound findings were correlated with subsequent arthroscopic appearance. Results Ultrasound examination detected a synovitic mass in the antero-lateral gutter in all 8 footballers with clinical ALI (100%) and in 2 patients with a control diagnosis (22%). Arthroscopic correlation of antero-lateral synovitis and fibrosis was present in all 10 cases (100%). The synovitic lesion was seen at ultrasound as a nodular soft tissue mass of mixed echogenicity within the antero-lateral gutter, which extruded anteriorly with manual compression of the distal fibula against the tibia. Increased blood supply was detected using power Doppler imaging in only 1 patient. The synovitic lesion measured >10 mm in its maximum dimension in 7 footballers with clinical ALI and <10 mm in the control group. Additional ultrasound findings in patients with abnormal antero-lateral synovial tissue included an anterior talofibular ligament injury in all patients (n = 10), a tibiotalar joint effusion (n = 6) and osseous spurs (n = 4). Antero-lateral synovitic tissue was accurately identified at ultrasound in the absence of an effusion (n = 4). No synovitic lesion was detected at ultrasound or arthroscopy in the remaining 7 patients with a control diagnosis. Conclusion Ultrasound is accurate in detecting synovitic lesions within the antero-lateral gutter, demonstrating associated ligamentous injuries and in differentiating soft tissue from osseous impingement. Synovitic lesions in two control patients suggest that abnormal antero-lateral soft tissue does not necessarily imply the presence of symptomatic ALI. Synovitic lesions in excess of 10 mm were associated with symptoms. Ultrasound will not demonstrate osteocartilaginous lesions or stress fractures and may overlook some loose bodies. Ultrasound findings together with clinical correlation can be used to direct arthroscopic examination and surgical debridement.     

侧脑室肿瘤的MRI诊断及鉴别诊断

目的 探讨侧脑室肿瘤的MRI表现特点. 资料与方法 回顾性分析25例经手术病理证实的侧脑室肿瘤的MRI表现. 结果 25例侧脑室肿瘤中,星形细胞瘤9例,其中3例(3/9)位于侧脑室三角区,3例(3/9)位于侧脑室体部;脑膜瘤6例,其中4例(4/6)位于侧脑室三角区,6例增强扫描均呈明显均匀强化;室管膜下瘤3例,2例位于侧脑室前角和室间孔区,增强扫描不强化或轻度强化;中枢神经细胞瘤2例, 1例位于侧脑室前角,1例位于侧脑室体部;脉络丛乳头状瘤2例;室管膜瘤2例;转移瘤1例. 结论 侧脑室肿瘤MRI表现有一定特点.     

闭合复位空心钉内固定后踝骨折的疗效分析

目的 比较闭合复位空心钉内固定和切开复位的疗效。方法 2011年1月至2013年6月在我院就诊的后踝骨折101例,分观察组和对照组,观察组为56例闭合复位和空心钉内固定,对照组为45例切开复位和空心钉内固定治疗,观察两组术后的疗效,手术时间,术中出血年,骨折愈合时间,完全负重时间,并发症的发生率和踝关节功能。结果 观察组的总有效率为92.86%,对照组的总有效率为95.56%,两组的总有效率差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.022,P>0.05)。两组的手术时间,踝关节稳定,行走能力,跑步能力和X线测量评估差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而观察组的术后出血量,骨折愈合时间,完全负重时间和并发症,踝关节功能的疼痛,活动范围和总分明显短于或者少于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论 闭合性复位和空心钉治疗后踝骨折具有创伤小,恢复快,并发症少,踝关节功能影响小等特点。     

Importance of Sample Size for the Estimation of Repeater F Waves in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Background:

In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), repeater F waves are increased. Accurate assessment of repeater F waves requires an adequate sample size.

Methods:

We studied the F waves of left ulnar nerves in ALS patients. Based on the presence or absence of pyramidal signs in the left upper limb, the ALS patients were divided into two groups: One group with pyramidal signs designated as P group and the other without pyramidal signs designated as NP group. The Index repeating neurons (RN) and Index repeater F waves (Freps) were compared among the P, NP and control groups following 20 and 100 stimuli respectively. For each group, the Index RN and Index Freps obtained from 20 and 100 stimuli were compared.

Results:

In the P group, the Index RN (P = 0.004) and Index Freps (P = 0.001) obtained from 100 stimuli were significantly higher than from 20 stimuli. For F waves obtained from 20 stimuli, no significant differences were identified between the P and NP groups for Index RN (P = 0.052) and Index Freps (P = 0.079); The Index RN (P < 0.001) and Index Freps (P < 0.001) of the P group were significantly higher than the control group; The Index RN (P = 0.002) of the NP group was significantly higher than the control group. For F waves obtained from 100 stimuli, the Index RN (P < 0.001) and Index Freps (P < 0.001) of the P group were significantly higher than the NP group; The Index RN (P < 0.001) and Index Freps (P < 0.001) of the P and NP groups were significantly higher than the control group.

Conclusions:

Increased repeater F waves reflect increased excitability of motor neuron pool and indicate upper motor neuron dysfunction in ALS. For an accurate evaluation of repeater F waves in ALS patients especially those with moderate to severe muscle atrophy, 100 stimuli would be required.     

消疽汤口服联合活血通络汤熏洗治疗气虚血瘀型糖尿病足临床研究

目的:观察消疽汤口服联合活血通络汤熏洗治疗气虚血瘀型糖尿病足的临床疗效。方法:128例气虚血瘀型糖尿病足患者随机分为对照组和观察组,每组各64例。所有患者均接受糖尿病常规治疗,对照组在常规治疗基础上给予阿司匹林+胰岛素+庆大霉素+山莨菪碱,观察组在常规治疗基础上给予消疽汤口服联合活血通络汤熏洗。比较两组患者治疗前后临床症状、神经传导速度、踝肱指数及不良反应,并评价两组患者临床疗效。结果:治疗后,观察组中医证候积分为(8.25±2.33)分,明显低于对照组的(13.58±2.24)分,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组治疗后的正中神经、腓总神经运动神经传导速度分别为(46.57±3.84)m·s~(-1)、(43.02±2.71)m·s~(-1),均明显高于对照组的(42.58±2.78)m·s~(-1)、(39.58±4.12)m·s~(-1),差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组治疗后的正中神经、腓总神经感觉神经传导速度分别为(43.02±2.84)m·s~(-1)、(40.82±3.42)m·s~(-1),均明显高于对照组的(39.88±2.21)m·s~(-1)、(35.58±3.38)m·s~(-1),差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组治疗后踝肱指数为(0.98±0.29),明显高于对照组的(0.79±0.21),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组有效率为93.75%(60/64),高于对照组的75.00%(48/64),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:消疽汤口服联合活血通络汤熏洗治疗气虚血瘀型糖尿病足可显著提高临床疗效,缓解患者临床症状,改善神经传导速度及踝肱指数,且无不良反应。