数字化软件辅助设计在治疗偏颌畸形患者中的应用效果研究

目的　评价数字化软件辅助设计在治疗偏颌畸形患者中的应用效果。方法　选择2016年9月至2018年9月于中国医科大学附属口腔医院口腔颌面外科就诊的偏颌畸形患者18例。所有患者术前完成三维CT检查和牙列石膏模型的光学扫描，将数据分别以DICOM格式和STL格式传送至数字化工作站。在数字化软件中构建坐标系，重建上下颌骨、血管和神经束，并完成正颌外科的手术模拟预测，最后设计并打印患者上颌骨的截骨导板、复位导板和终末咬合导板。所有患者在术后6个月到口腔颌面外科门诊复查并行上下颌骨三维CT检查。利用数字化软件测量术后6个月患者两侧上颌第一磨牙点和尖牙点到眶耳平面和冠状平面的距离，计算非对称率；测量上中切牙点和颏顶点到正中矢状面距离作为术后效果的评价指标。结果　术后6个月患者两侧上颌第一磨牙点到眶耳平面和冠状平面距离的非对称率分别为（1.8 ± 1.0）%和（3.2 ± 1.7）%；两侧上颌尖牙点到眶耳平面和冠状平面距离的非对称率分别为（1.0 ± 0.8）%和（11.0 ± 4.8）%；上中切牙点和颏顶点到正中矢状面距离分别为（0.84 ± 1.05）mm和（1.49 ± 1.23）mm。所有患者均对面型表示满意。结论　数字化软件的模拟设计能够提高手术安全性，确保术中操作的精度，提高患者术后美学效果。因此，数字化软件辅助设计在治疗偏颌畸形患者中的应用具有重要的临床意义。     

Intraspinal anomalies: presentation,assessment, treatment and association with the development of scoliosis

The most common congenital intraspinal abnormalities presenting to medical attention is either a Chiari malformation with or without associated syringomyelia or caudal anomalies, such as tethered cord and fatty filum terminale. These intraspinal defects are usually diagnosed at birth or in early childhood, but they may also be identified in adult life due to newly presented neurological symptoms. Availability and use of appropriate imaging modalities, such as MRI and regular fetal screening has reduced the incidence of delayed diagnosis of spinal dysraphism and other accompanying congenital systemic anomalies. In view of the risk for neurological complications, prophylactic surgery is often recommended in spinal dysraphism; hence knowledge of various intraspinal abnormalities, their clinical presentation and natural history will allow early diagnosis and treatment in order to prevent neurological deterioration and irreversible morbidity. This review summarizes the embryological aspects and clinical manifestations of intraspinal abnormalities and provides a rational approach for evaluation and management in this group of patients.     

Lower limb deformity assessment and correction

This paper draws on the work of Dror Paley et al and describes the basic principles of clinical and radiographic assessment of coronal plane lower limb deformity. It covers concepts of mechanical axis deviation and of the Centre of Rotation of Angulation (CORA) which influence the choice of corrective osteotomy shape and its location.     

3D打印技术辅助后路截骨治疗脊柱畸形的Meta分析

文题释义：脊柱畸形：指脊柱的冠状位、矢状位或轴向位偏离正常位置，发生形态上异常的表现，可以分为特发性、先天性、病理性及创伤性等原因。绝大多数患者需手术治疗，但由于该类患者解剖不规则、周围组织粘连严重，其截骨矫形手术风险极高。 3D打印技术：又称“快速成型技术”，术前对患者进行脊柱 CT 扫描，获得相关数据，打印出脊柱模型。脊柱外科医师可以通过模型进行模拟截骨及模拟内固定，设计最好的手术方案。背景：3D打印技术在脊柱外科应用越来越广泛，有很好的辅助手术作用。但是目前缺乏循证医学证据证实3D打印辅助后路截骨治疗脊柱畸形的疗效及安全性。 目的：系统评价3D打印辅助后路截骨治疗脊柱畸形的疗效。方法：计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、CNKI、万方、维普和CBM数据库自建库至2019年12月关于3D打印治疗脊柱畸形患者的研究。英文检索词为“3D printing” “rapid prototyping” “Spinal deformity”等；中文检索词为“3D打印”“快速成型技术”“脊柱畸形”等。由2名研究人员独立进行文献筛选、数据提取和质量评价，采用 RevMan 5.3软件对文献进行Meta分析。结果与结论：①共纳入6篇文献，282例患者，其中3D打印组139例，常规组143例；②Meta 分析结果显示，3D打印组在手术时间、手术出血量及手术放射暴露时间方面均小于常规组(P < 0.05)；③在Cobb角、Cobb角矫正率、置钉准确率及Oswestry功能障碍指数评分方面均优于常规组(P < 0.05)；④3D打印组和常规组在并发症方面差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)；⑤上述数据证实，3D打印辅助后路截骨能够明显降低手术间和手术出血量，改善手术效果。ORCID: 0000-0002-1739-7548(吴荣海) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节；骨植入物；脊柱；骨折；内固定；数字化骨科；组织工程     

等离子射频辅助双侧声带后端切断术治疗双侧声带麻痹导致的上气道梗阻患者13例

目的 评估内镜下等离子射频辅助双侧声带后端切断术治疗双侧声带麻痹导致上气道梗阻患者的疗效。 方法 回顾性分析13例双侧声带麻痹导致的上气道梗阻患者的病例资料,其中男6例、女7例,27~73岁,所有患者均接受等离子射频辅助双侧声带后端切断术。总结评估该手术的临床疗效。 结果 13例随访时间1年1个月~2年11个月,所有患者无严重并发症发生。一次拔管率为84.44%(10/13),二次手术拔管率为88.89%(11/13),拔管时间1~3个月,中位数1个月,上气道梗阻均未复发。 结论 内镜下等离子射频辅助双侧声带切断术操作简单、手术风险小,同时治疗双侧声带麻痹效果可靠,是双侧声带麻痹导致上气道梗阻的有效治疗方法之一,也可作为其他治疗失败的补救治疗措施。     

Efficacy of comprehensive rehabilitation therapy for checkrein deformity: A case report

BACKGROUND In clinical practice, checkrein deformity is usually found in patients with calf injuries after ankle fracture or distal tibial fracture. The patients with checkrein deformity mainly report distending pain in toe tips, pain when walking or wearing shoes, and gait instability. Previous studies have mainly reported surgical treatments for checkrein deformity, while few studies have reported using comprehensive rehabilitation alone to improve the checkrein deformity.CASE SUMMARY A 28-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital due to unstable gait caused by pain in the right hallux, for which she was unable to stretch for over three months. The patient had undergone "resection of ameloblastoma at the right mandible, mandibulectomy, and autogenous right fibula grafting". The patient’s hallux toe, as well as the second and third toes of the right foot could not be stretched, with pain in all the toes during walking. Based on the medical records of the patient, as well as the results of physical and auxiliary examinations, the main diagnosis was checkrein deformity in the right foot. Since the patient refused surgical treatment, rehabilitation was the only treatment option. At discharge, the patient reported evident improvement in the pain in the toes, gait stability, as well as increased ability to climb up and downstairs.CONCLUSION Comprehensive rehabilitation therapy could effectively alleviate the manifestations of checkrein deformity and improve the walking ability of the patients.