Locust bean gum safety in neonates and young infants: An integrated review of the toxicological database and clinical evidence

Locust bean gum (LBG) is a galactomannan polysaccharide used as thickener in infant formulas with the therapeutic aim to treat uncomplicated gastroesophageal reflux (GER). Since its use in young infants below 12 weeks of age is not explicitly covered by the current scientific concept of the derivation of health based guidance values, the present integrated safety review aimed to compile all the relevant preclinical toxicological studies and to combine them with substantial evidence gathered from the clinical paediatric use as part of the weight of evidence supporting the safety in young infants below 12 weeks of age. LBG was demonstrated to have very low toxicity in preclinical studies mainly resulting from its indigestible nature leading to negligible systemic bioavailability and only possibly influencing tolerance. A standard therapeutic level of 0.5 g/100 mL in thickened infant formula is shown to confer a sufficiently protective Margin of Safety. LBG was not associated with any adverse toxic or nutritional effects in healthy term infants, while there are limited case-reports of possible adverse effects in preterms receiving the thickener inappropriately. Altogether, it can be concluded that LBG is safe for its intended therapeutic use in term-born infants to treat uncomplicated regurgitation from birth onwards.     

黎氏哮喘I号方治疗小儿外寒肺热型哮喘50例疗效观察

目的观察黎氏哮喘I号方治疗小儿外寒肺热型哮喘的临床疗效。方法将80例哮喘患儿随机分为2组。治疗组50例口服黎氏哮喘I号方加减治疗;对照组30例予以西医抗炎、平喘药物治疗。2组疗程均为7d。结果治疗组临床治愈38例,好转10例,未愈2例,总有效率为96．0％;对照组临床治愈9例,好转16例,未愈5例,总有效率为83．3％。2组总有效率比较,差异有统计意义（P〈0．05）。2组治疗前后同组症状积分值比较,差异有统计意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）;治疗后与对照组比较,差异有统计意义（P〈0．05）,治疗组优于对照组。结论黎氏哮喘I号方治疗小儿外寒肺热型哮喘可明显改善患儿临床症状,疗效显著。     

“军卫一号”数据库“瘦身”方法设计

目的：实现“军卫一号”数据库“瘦身”,提高整个系统的运行速度。方法：离线式整理表空间,降低高水位线,或在线式重建表空间,缩减数据文件。结果：2种方法都可成功实现数据库的“瘦身”,且能使系统平稳运行。结论：2种方法都具有可行性,且可操作性强,可提高整个“军卫一号”系统的运行效率。     

基于“军卫一号”的院内感染预警系统设计及应用

目的：设计一套院内感染预警系统。方法：实时监控病历数据,分析院内感染指标信息,统计患者院内感染疑似程度。结果：成功实现了＂军卫一号＂中的院内感染预警上报功能。结论：该系统为医务人员提供了智能的手段,提高了感染监控的针对性和工作效率,具有很强的使用价值。     

Predictors of hyperglycaemic individuals who do not follow up with physicians after screening in Japan: A cohort study

Aims

Although people screened as being hyperglycaemic often fail to follow up with physicians for clinical assessment, epidemiologic findings on the frequency and predictors of not following up (hereafter, “no follow-up”) are lacking. The purpose of this study was to examine the no follow-up rate with physicians after screening for diabetes and predictors of no follow-up.

Methods

We assessed cases of no follow-up with physicians within six months after screening based on medical claims data from employee-based social health insurance programs in Japan, for people aged 20 to 68 years from 2005 to 2010.

Results

Among 3878 screened participants with hyperglycaemia, 2527 (65%) did not follow up with their physicians within six months after screening. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that younger age and lower blood glucose level predicted no follow-up among both men and women, while lower body mass index and negative proteinuria also predicted no follow-up among men. Treatment for dyslipidaemia facilitated follow-up among both genders, and treatment for hypertension or depression facilitated follow-up among men.

Conclusions

Approximately two thirds of individuals screened as having hyperglycaemia did not follow up with their physicians within six months after screening. Predictors of no follow-up were younger age and milder hyperglycaemia. Being on treatment for co-morbidities tended to facilitate follow-up.     

基于“军卫一号”的结算审核系统的设计与实现

目的：解决医院业务及流程中存在的一些问题。方法：通过对业务流程的梳理分析,找出了问题产生的原因,由此对现有流程进行了改造优化,在此基础上开发了结算审核系统。结果：解决了医院业务及流程中存在的问题。结论：该系统的应用提高了审核员审核的效率和准确率,降低了收费问题的几率,落实了医嘱质量的监督工作,消除了患者长时间的等待环节,避免了在结算环节引起冲突或医疗纠纷的可能,解决了结算中心绩效考评时数据的准确性问题。