幽门螺杆菌感染与儿童缺铁性贫血关系的临床研究

目的探讨幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染与儿童缺铁性贫血(IDA)之间的关系。方法从因再发性腹痛就诊的患儿中,抽取13C呼气试验阳性者26例为观察组,13C呼气试验阴性者22例为对照组。两组分别检测血清铁蛋白(SF)和血常规。结果观察组和对照组比较SF、血红蛋白、红细胞计数、平均红细胞体积和平均血红蛋白浓度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或<0.01)。白细胞数和血小板数两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论Hp感染与儿童IDA发病有关,Hp感染可能是IDA的发病因素之一。     

长期静脉补铁改善血液透析患者肾性贫血的作用

目的探讨血液透析患者长期静脉补铁改善肾性贫血的效果以及对促红细胞生成素(EPO)作用的影响。方法选择56例病情稳定的血液透析患者随机分成两组:静脉组和口服组,各28例,疗程6个月。静脉组:于每次透析时补给100mg右旋糖酐铁,共10次,然后每2周给予维持量100mg。口服组:前3个月口服硫酸亚铁525mg/d,后3个月停服,按上述方法改用静脉补铁。比较两组贫血治疗效果、铁代谢和生化指标的变化、EPO用量以及不良反应发生情况。结果治疗后静脉组血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞压积(Hct)、血清铁蛋白(SF)、转铁蛋白饱合度(TSAT)进行性升高,3个月后80%以上的患者贫血得到纠正,EPO用量较基数减少约28%。口服组治疗3个月时,Hb和Hct增幅不大,而SF和TSAT则逐月降低;第4个月起改用静脉补铁后,SF、TSAT很快升高,贫血迅速得到改善,EPO用量开始明显减少。结论长期静脉补铁不仅能及时有效地改善血液透析患者的贫血,减少EPO用量,而且经济、安全。     

铁剂联合补益类中药对改善缺铁性贫血症状的短期研究

目的：观察补血片及联合补益类中药改善缺铁性贫血症状的短期（15 d）效果.方法：将30例缺铁性贫血患者随机分为对照组和试验组（Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组）.对照组口服空白片,试验Ⅰ组口服补血片;试验Ⅱ组口服补血片加复力片.试验期为15 d,在开始和结束时分别测定受试者的Hb、FEP指标和台阶试验的SI指数.结果：试食15 d后,Ⅱ组的Hb水平和SI指数较试验前有显著性提高（P＜0.05）、FEP水平有极显著下降（P＜0.01）;Ⅰ组的HP水平亦有极显著下降（P＜0.01）,Hb水平和SI指数较试验前则差异无统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论：补片血联合复力片能短期内（15d）迅速升高缺铁性贫血患者的Hb水平,提示铁剂联合补益类中药对改善缺铁性贫血症状比单独应用铁剂具有更明显的作用.     

Methylamine but not mafenide mimics insulin-like activity of the semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase-substrate benzylamine on glucose tolerance and on human adipocyte metabolism

It has been reported that benzylamine reduces blood glucose in rabbits, stimulates hexose uptake, and inhibits lipolysis in mouse, rabbit, and human adipocytes. In the presence of vanadate, benzylamine is also able to improve glucose disposal in normoglycaemic and diabetic rats. Such insulin-mimicking properties are the consequence of hydrogen peroxide production during benzylamine oxidation by semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO). The aim of the study was to determine whether other SSAO-substrates could share such potential antidiabetic properties. Thus, mafenide, a synthetic antimicrobial sulfonamide structurally related to benzylamine, and which has been recently reported to interact with SSAO, was tested in the above mentioned models, in parallel with methylamine, a proposed endogenous SSAO-substrate. All tested amines stimulated glucose uptake and inhibited lipolysis in rat and mouse fat cells. Methylamine and benzylamine, but not mafenide, reduced the hyperglycaemic response during a glucose tolerance test in rabbits while the three amines tested were devoid of insulin-releasing activity under both in vivo and in vitro conditions. In human adipocytes, mafenide did not stimulate glucose transport since it was not a high-affinity substrate for SSAO and generated less hydrogen peroxide than benzylamine or methylamine. Therefore, mafenide could not be considered as an antidiabetic drug despite being oxidized and exhibiting insulin-mimicking effects in rat and mouse adipocytes. By contrast, the endogenous substrate methylamine improved glucose utilization in all in vitro and in vivo models, leading to consider novel SSAO substrates as drugs with potential anti-hyperglycaemic properties.     

Homeobox transcription factor DLX4 is not necessary for skin development and homeostasis

Dlx4 is a member of a family of homeobox genes with homology to Drosophila distal‐less (dll) gene. We show that Dlx4 expression pattern partially overlaps with its cis‐linked gene Dlx3 during mouse development as well as in neonatal and adult skin. In mice, Dlx4 is expressed in the branchial arches, embryonic limbs, digits, nose, hair follicle and in the basal and suprabasal layers of mouse interfollicular epidermis. We show that inactivation of Dlx4 in mice did not result in any overtly gross pathology. Skin development, homeostasis and response to TPA treatment were similar in mice with loss of Dlx4 compared to wild‐type counterparts.     

Randomized,placebo-controlled trial of ferric carboxymaltose in restless legs syndrome patients with iron deficiency anemia

ObjectiveIntravenous ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) has been shown to be efficacious in treating restless legs syndrome (RLS) symptoms in non-anemic patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of FCM in treating RLS symptoms in patients who also had an iron deficiency anemia (IDA).MethodsThis is a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. Subjects with RLS and IDA were enrolled. Subjects received an infusion of either 1500 mg FCM or placebo in Phase I. The primary outcomes were a change-from-baseline at week six on the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group scale (IRLS). Phase II of the study involved long-term (52 weeks) follow-up, for those who responded to treatment in the prior phase, with the potential for further treatment if symptoms returned.ResultsWe enrolled 29 RLS patients with IDA (15 FCM and 14 placebo). At week six post-infusion, FCM compared to placebo group showed significant improvement from baseline in IRLS score (−13.47 ± 7.38 vs. 1.36 ± 3.59). Among secondary outcome variables, quality of sleep showed significant improvement from baseline in the FCM group. 61% of subjects remained off RLS medications at the Phase II, week-52 endpoint. There were no serious adverse events observed in the study.ConclusionThe study showed significant efficacy and safety of FCM 1500 mg treatment both in the short term (6 weeks) and long term (52 weeks) in RLS patients with IDA.     

Iron Deficiency without Anemia: A Common Yet Under-Recognized Diagnosis in Young Women with Heavy Menstrual Bleeding

Study ObjectiveTo assess the proportion of iron deficiency that is not detected with a screening hemoglobin or complete blood count (CBC) alone in young women with heavy menstrual bleeding.DesignRetrospective review of electronic medical records.SettingNationwide Children's Hospital in Columbus, Ohio.Participants, Interventions, and Main Outcome MeasuresOne hundred fourteen young women aged 9-19 years consecutively referred to a young women's hematology clinic with a complaint of heavy menstrual bleeding.ResultsFifty-eight (50.9%) of all patients had ferritin <20 ng/mL indicating iron deficiency. Of the 58 patients with iron deficiency, only 24 (41.4%) were anemic and 25 (46.3%) were microcytic. The sensitivity of hemoglobin alone and CBC alone for identifying women with ferritin <20 ng/mL was 41.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 28.7-54.1) and 46.3% (95% CI, 33.0-59.6), respectively. Both tests had reasonable specificity at 91.1% (95% CI, 83.6-98.5) for hemoglobin and 83.9% for CBC (95% CI, 74.3-93.6). Patients had significantly higher odds of having iron deficiency if they were overweight or obese (odds ratio, 2.81; 95% CI, 1.25-6.29) compared with patients with normal body mass index. Age at presentation for heavy menstrual bleeding, presence of an underlying bleeding disorder, and median household income were not significantly associated with iron deficiency.ConclusionIn adolescents with heavy menstrual bleeding, fewer than half of iron deficiency cases are detected when screening is performed with hemoglobin or blood count alone. Measuring ferritin levels in at-risk patients might allow for earlier implementation of iron therapy and improvement in symptoms.     

Iron Deficiency Is Associated with Food Insecurity in Pregnant Females in the United States: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2010

Food-insecure pregnant females may be at greater risk of iron deficiency (ID) because nutrition needs increase and more resources are needed to secure food during pregnancy. This may result in a higher risk of infant low birth weight and possibly cognitive impairment in the neonate. The relationships of food insecurity and poverty income ratio (PIR) with iron intake and ID among pregnant females in the United States were investigated using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2010 data (n=1,045). Food security status was classified using the US Food Security Survey Module. One 24-hour dietary recall and a 30-day supplement recall were used to assess iron intake. Ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor, or total body iron classified ID. Difference of supplement intake prevalence, difference in mean iron intake, and association of ID and food security status or PIR were assessed using χ² analysis, Student t test, and logistic regression analysis (adjusted for age, race, survey year, PIR/food security status, education, parity, trimester, smoking, C-reactive protein level, and health insurance coverage), respectively. Mean dietary iron intake was similar among groups. Mean supplemental and total iron intake were lower, whereas odds of ID, classified by ferritin status, were 2.90 times higher for food-insecure pregnant females compared with food-secure pregnant females. Other indicators of ID were not associated with food security status. PIR was not associated with iron intake or ID. Food insecurity status may be a better indicator compared with income status to identify populations at whom to direct interventions aimed at improving access and education regarding iron-rich foods and supplements.