Neurological complications in obstetric regional anaesthesia

Central neuraxial blocks are the commonest procedures performed in obstetric anaesthesia. Most post-partum neurological complications are obstetric palsies caused by the process of normal labour itself. However, anaesthetists must be able to develop a methodical approach to their assessment of neurological injuries to be able to differentiate between anaesthetic and non-anaesthetic causes, and importantly be able to promptly recognize when urgent investigations and management are required to prevent permanent harm to patients. Anaesthetists must understand the principles of good practice when performing neuraxial blocks. This includes taking the recommended precautions to reduce the risk of neurological complications by assessing coagulation status, adhering to infection control measures, appropriate positioning and technique, clear communication with patients, and monitoring the resolution of a neuraxial block post-natally. The anaesthetist must work within the multidisciplinary setting to reduce risk by consulting obstetricians, haematologists and neurologists, as well as providing appropriate follow-up and management for patients with physiotherapy.     

PPH联合直视下痔上动脉结扎治疗Ⅲ Ⅳ度混合痔的疗效及安全性

目的 观察痔上动脉结扎(HAL)术对中重度混合痔患者的手术效果及对术后并发症的影响。方法 选取2019年6月至2020年6月广州市番禺区中心医院收治的148例混合痔合并出血性内痔患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组与观察组,每组74例。对照组行痔上黏膜环切术(PPH)术,观察组行PPH联合HAL。观察比较两组患者手术时间、住院时间、住院费用,术后急性尿潴留,术后3个月内出血、脱垂、水肿、肛门狭窄、视觉疼痛模拟评分(VAS)、Wexner肛门失禁评分、疗效等指标的差异。结果 观察组手术时间较对照组更长,住院时间较对照组更短,住院费用较对照组更低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。观察组术后出血比例为5.41%、水肿发生率为9.46%、Wexner肛门失禁评分为(2.32±1.25)分,均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);观察组有效率为94.59%,高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。手术后,两组VAS评分均降低,术后观察组VAS低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。观察组术后急性尿潴留、脱垂、肛门狭窄发生情况与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。结论 PPH联合直视下HAL治疗出血性中重度混合痔安全有效,并发症发生率更低,具有临床应用价值。     

反向脉冲谐波实时超声造影诊断背驼式肝移植术后肝静脉及下腔静脉并发症

目的探讨实时超声造影检查在背驼式肝移植术后肝静脉及下腔静脉并发症诊断中的应用价值。方法对25例背驼式肝移植术后CDFI疑诊肝静脉及下腔静脉并发症的患者进行实时超声造影检查。采用造影剂声诺维（SonoVue）2.4ml肘部浅静脉团注,反向脉冲谐波低机械指数（MI0.15-0.19）实时超声造影。将超声造影结果与增强CT对照分析。结果超声造影诊断下腔静脉血栓3例;肝静脉血栓5例,其中2例继发肝组织淤血、坏死;超声造影诊断肝静脉狭窄6例,下腔静脉狭窄4例,其中最严重的1例肝上下腔静脉内径3.8mm。CDFI与增强CT的符合率为72%（18/25）,实时超声造影与增强CT的符合率为100%（18/18）。结论实时超声造影对背驼式肝移植术后肝静脉及下腔静脉并发症的诊断能力与增强CT相当,实时超声造影更加方便灵活,为背驼式肝移植术后静脉并发症的诊断提供了一种可靠的影像学新方法。     

亚低温治疗所致感染并发症的研究进展

亚低温治疗常用于脑、脊髓、心脏等器官的缺血性或外伤性损害,对这些器官有明显的保护作用,然而其在治疗过程中亦可诱发多种并发症。本文主要就亚低温治疗过程中感染并发症的发病机制、临床特点、诊断、防治及预后等方面作一综述。     

Skeletal complications in cancer patients with bone metastases

As a result of significant improvements in current therapies, the life expectancy of cancer patients with bone metastases has dramatically improved. Unfortunately, these patients often experience skeletal complications that significantly impair their quality of life. The major skeletal complications associated with bone metastases include: cancer‐induced bone pain, hypercalcemia, pathological bone fractures, metastatic epidural spinal cord compression and cancer cachexia. Once cancer cells invade the bone, they perturb the normal physiology of the marrow microenvironment, resulting in bone destruction, which is believed to be a direct cause of skeletal complications. However, full understanding of the mechanisms responsible for these complications remains unknown. In the present review, we discuss the complications associated with bone metastases along with matched conventional therapeutic strategies. A better understanding of this topic is crucial, as targeting skeletal complications can improve both the morbidity and mortality of patients suffering from bone metastases.